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... available at: http://www. opednews. com/articles/The-Myth-Of-Nabucco-Greed-by-OilGuy-100104-110.html (accessed 07 October 2011). 8. Evropejskaja komissija predstavila strategiju razvitija Baltijskogo regiona [The European Commission presented a strategy for the Baltic Sea Region], 2009, Informacionnoe agentstvo "Karelinform" [News agency "Karelinform"], available at: http://karelinform.ru/?id=14302#ixzz1LUZraQvN (accessed 14 October 2011). 9. Baltic Energy Market Interconnection Plan, European Commission ...

... norms of international law on the protection of marine environment from vessel-source pollution. The universal and regional levels of legal regulation of preventing marine environment pollution are identified. Special attention is paid to the status of the Baltic Sea as a “special area” and as a “particularly sensitive sea area”. 1. Meeresumweltschutz für Nord- und Ostsee: Sondergutachten, Februar 2004 /SRU, Der Rat von Sachverständigen für Umweltfragen. Baden-Baden, 2004. 2. Maritime Group (HELCOM ...

Seasonal and spatial variations in the content of biogenic elements (mineral forms of ni­trogen and phosphorus) are presented for the estuarine system of the Pregolya River (Kali­ningrad Sea Canal, Kaliningrad Bay) and the coastal zone of the Baltic Sea in 2024. Their seasonal dynamics were characterized by maxima during the high-water period. Minima were observed in spring and summer during water “blooming” against the background of intense water warming. Spatial distribution was characterized ...

... SDGW process in the continental shelf zone, practical detection is often a challenging task. The aim of this study is to identify approaches that best allow for documenting the phenomenon of sub­marine discharge of groundwater in the southeast part of the Baltic Sea. Detecting submarine groundwater discharge in the Baltic Sea is crucial for understanding the processes in the wa­ter body and evaluating the ecological situation. The study examines various methods for detecting SDGW: computational-analytical, geophysical,...

This article offers the results of an analysis of mean annual (1952—2005) data on the temperature and salinity in the Baltic Sea published by the Institute for Baltic Sea Research (Warnemünde, Germany). The data were averaged by months, one-degree quadrants, and 10 meter-thick layers. It was found that, throughout the year, 54 % of the minimum sea water temperatures in the ...

This article offers an overview of the basic characteristics of the Baltic Sea and stresses the need for closer cooperation between states in the Baltic Sea environment protection. The author identifies the universal and regional levels of cooperation between states in marine environment protection. Special attention is paid ...

... of Russia: Modern Particularities within the Trend of Cross-Border Clustering // Journal of Applied Economic Sciences. 2017. Vol. 12, iss. 5 (51). P. 1451—1460. 31. Kivikari U. A Growth Triangle as an Application of the Northern Dimension Policy in the Baltic Sea Region // Russian-Europe Centre for Economic Policy. Policy Paper, 2001. URL: http://www.etela-suomi.fi/english/pdf/kivikari (дата обращения: 29.04.2018). 32. Liuhto K. (ed.) The Maritime Cluster in the Baltic Sea Region and Beyond // ...

... O. A. 2013, Piramida faktorov social'no-jekonomicheskogo razvitija regionov [Piramida of factors of social and economic development of regions],Voprosy economiki [Questions of economy], no. 2, p. 121—131. 20. Fedorov, G. M. 2013, Innovations in the Baltic Sea Region and Network Cooperation between Russia and the EU, Baltic region, no. 1 (15), p. 4—18. doi:10.5922/2079-8555-2013-1-1. 21. Kivikari, U. 2000, Rasshirenie Evropejskogo Sojuza i Rossija — situacija vzaimnoj vygody [Expansion of the European ...

The publication reflects the problem of new identity of the Baltics in the conditions of competition between European spaces. The Baltic States are presented as a political structure, where mutually competitive identities oriented towards different centres of modern Europe are developing. In the Baltics, the identity ...

... site of the closed Ignalina NPP. The author concludes that the joint construction of a new NPP is quite questionable. When it comes to politics, each of the three Baltic States is ready to build its own NPP. Thus, the development of nuclear power in the Baltic Sea region requires joint coordinated actions independent of any bloc-inspired interests of the states involved. Moreover, this success may prove sustainable if the actions are based on innovative decisions and modern technologies. 1. Japonskaja atomnaja ...

... conditions of the emerging polycentric world order. The main risks and threats to Russian regional security at the present time are identified, and measures to localize and neutralize them are proposed. The development of the international situation in the Baltic Sea in the medium term is predicted, and the possible consequences of the military escalation of the alliance in the region for the security of the Kaliningrad Region, a strategically important subject of the Russian Federation, are assessed. Based on ...

The role of the ethnic factor in political processes in Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia has been rather significant since these ... ... that after the completion of major Eurointegration procedures, the ethnic factor — which became especially important in the Baltics after independence — relegated to the periphery of political life. After a period of ‘independence-induced euphoria’ ...

The study focuses on chlorophyll "a"concentration variability in the South-Eastern part of the Baltic sea in summer 2018. The data of the MODIS radiometer installed on Aqua and Terra satellites were used for the analysis. The average concentration of chlorophyll "a" in the warm period of 2018 (May-August) was 3.8 mg/m3 while the average sea ...

This article emphasises that one of the conditions for the formation of extreme inflow events from the North into the Baltic Sea is the long-time impact of same-type atmospheric processes on the water surface. There is a need to consider the intensity and the duration of one-direction atmospheric processes. The authors focus on the features and types of large-scale atmospheric ...

... Region sotrudnichestva [Region of cooperation], no. 2 (49). 2. Emelyanova, L. L. 2008, Mesto Kaliningradskoj oblasti v migracionnyh processah Rossii i stran regiona Baltijskogo morja [Place the Kaliningrad region in migration processes in Russia and the Baltic Sea Region], материалы международ-ной конференции. In: Fedorov, G. M., Emelyanova, L. L. (eds.), 2008, Migracija i social'no-jekonomicheskoe razvitie stran regiona Baltijskogo morja [Migration and socio-economic development ...

... clusters and networks of firms on EU competitiveness, Final Report: Firm networks (May 2012), Studies in the Area of Competitiveness, WIFO, Specific Contract No 605748. 10. Laaksonen, E. Mäkinen, H. 2013, The Competitiveness of the Maritime Clusters in the Baltic Sea Region: Key Challenges from the Finnish Perspective, Journal of East-West Business, Vol. 19, no. 1—2, p. 91—104. 11. Ministry of Employment and the Economy, 2012, Abrupt structural change areas and areas supported due to closure of garrisons,...

This article considers the possibility of Russian integration into a common research, technological, and innovative space of the Baltic region. The author presents the results of a comparative analysis of innovative development in Russia and the Baltic Sea countries based on the calculation of an integral research and technological potential index for the Russian Federation, the Northwestern Federal District of Russia, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Norway, Germany, Poland, Estonia, Lithuania, and Latvia....

In order to maintain its global competitiveness in the future, the Baltic Sea region (BSR) needs to preserve and improve its technological capability and innovativeness. This article focuses on innovations in the Baltic Sea region, particularly on external innovation drivers and innovation environments in the BSR and individual ...

... [International law. The special part], Moscow, Statut. 18. Kolosov, Yu. M., Krivchikova, E. S. (ans. ed.), 2005, Mezhdunarodnoe pravo [International law], Moscow, Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija. 19. Mezhevich N., Pribyshin T. 2012, Innovative economy in the Baltic Sea region, Balt. Reg., no. 3, p. 44—54. doi: 10.5922/2079-8555-2012-3-4. 20. Mäkinen, H. 2012, The innovative process in the Baltic Sea region, Balt. Reg., no. 3, p. 55—65. doi: 10.5922/2079-8555-2012-3-5. 21. Palmowski, Т. 2004, Novaja Baltijskaja ...

This article is dedicated to the Baltic University programme — a unique educational project aiming at the sustainable development of the Baltic Sea region. International interuniversity cooperation facilitates intercultural communication between students and researchers, and creates new prospects for joint research, which opens up an opportunity for solving common environmental and social problems ...

The paper examines flows of foreign direct investment within the Baltic region. The author demonstrates close investment ties among the EU members, which are of special importance for Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. Transborder corporate integration in the region is characterized by significant imbalances. In many aspects,...

The spatial and temporal distribution of suspended matter in the southeastern part of the Baltic Sea was studied in the context of the transition from oxygenated to anoxic conditions. Semi-enclosed water bodies, such as the shallow Baltic Sea, play a key role in the global carbon cycle. Carbon-containing particles, both organic and inorganic, settle ...

The forms of crossborder and transborder cooperation of mediumsized cities of Kaliningrad region in Baltic Sea Region are described. The description of wto European Union’s instruments for international cooperation in Baltic Sea Region is presented. The short analysis of participation of medium-sized cities of Kaliningrad region in projects of programmes for transborder and crossborder cooperation such as Interreg III B (Baltic Sea Region Neighbourhood Programme) and Interreg III A (Lithuania-Poland-Kaliningrad ...

The article is aimed at reconstructing the paleoecological conditions in the Gdansk Basin of the Baltic Sea in the Late Holocene. The hydrological and hydrochemical conditions of its isolated bottom layer are strongly influenced by water exchange with the North Sea, which in connected to the World Ocean. Information on environmental conditions in the past ...

... territorial interaction between the semi-medium-sized cities of the region with municipalities of the EU countries in the framework of cross-border and cooperation and benefits of this cooperation for the region, the position of the Kaliningrad region in the Baltic Sea Region is defined. 1. Давидович В. Г. Величина городских поселений СССР // Вопросы географии. 1962. Сб. 56. С. 5—30. 2. Анохин А. А., Житин Д. В., Краснов А. И....

The article explores the development of the transboundary spatial planningn as the key aspects of cross-border cooperation in the Baltic Sea region. 1.  Давидов Д., Чекалина Т. Калининград: плюсы и минусы эксклавности // Космополис. 2008. №   2(21). С. 144. 2.  Чекалина Т.   Н. Использование ...

... эвтрофирование. Киев , 1978. 10. Cetkauskaite A., Zarkov D., Stoskus L. Water-quality control, monitoring and wastewater treatment in Lithuania 1950 to 1999 // Ambio. 2000. Vol. 30, №   4—5. P. 297—305. 11. Climate Change in the Baltic Sea Area // Baltic Sea Environment Proceedings. №   111. HELCOM, 2007. 12. Environment of the Baltic Sea Area 1994—1998 // Baltic Sea Environment Proceedings. №   82B. HELCOM, 2002. 13. Hakanson L., Boulion V.   V. Regularities in primary ...

... cooperation. The term ‘state frontier’ is defined through a prism of regional integration processes. The authors examine the role of trans-border relations between Russia and the European Union in promoting mutually beneficial strategic cooperation in the Baltic Sea region. Historical experience, geopolitical position, national psychology and some other factors shape common perceptions of the state frontier in mass consciousness, which can vary from country to country. The state frontier is a key imperative of ...