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This article examines legal conscience in view of its little-studied generating function. The author considers the ideas affecting legal consciousness in different types of cultures – humanocentric and sociocentric ones. The idea of power underlies legal consciousness in sociocentric cultures, and the idea of freedom that of person-oriented cultures. The deformations of legal consciousness characteristic of modern Russia are explained by an incomplete transition from socio- to himanocentrism. 1...

The paper focuses on Königsberg’s elites faced with fast changes in the 19th century. The city’s old merchant families were up against increasing competition from new actors – industrialists and bankers – trying to take advantage of the former. The author examines changes in the elites in the course of major economic, social, and political changes 1. Albinus R. Königsberger Lexikon. Würzburg, 2002. 2. Altpreußische Biographie / Hrsg. Ch. Krollmann. Königsberg; Marburg, 1939. T. 1. 3. Carrez M...

This article examines the main trends in the development of customer loyalty programmes and describes companies’ approaches to creating and implementing them. The authors identify the challenges facing companies that modify customer loyalty programmes in accordance with the features of the Russian institutional environment. 1. Гордон Я. Х. Маркетинг партнерских отношений. СПб., 2001. 2. Плотникова Е. А., Куликова З. В. Программа лояльности — дань моде или эффективный маркетинговый инструмент //...

The article gives an overview of German fine arts of the late 1930s as exemplified by the murals painted by a professor of the Königsberg Academy of Arts Eduard Bischoff in the East Prussian town of Insterburg. The themese of monumental paintings created a national socialism are considered in the context of the neo-classical style of the architectural style of adjacent buildings. Special attention is paid to describing and interpreting the compositions of the painting found in the Insterburg Stadthalle...

This article considers the reception of the liberal concept of freedom in Russian conservatism as exemplified by K. N. Leontyev and L. A. Tikhomirov. Reasoning in the framework of Russian philosophical organicism, each philosopher insists on his own approach to analysing social phenomena. It is shown that Leontyev, in line with naturalistic aestheticism, sharply criticises the philistine ideal triumphing through the implementation of the liberal interpretation of freedom. Tikhomirov, under the influence...

This article is devoted to the urgent issue of analyzing the innovative potential of an organisation’s employees. The study aims to develop a methodology for identifying the potential at the level of enterprises. The author presents an original method for assessing the innovative potential of an organisation’s employees and a mechanism of its identification. The most significant factors affecting the innovation potential of personnel are as follows: the availability of resources for innovation, susceptibility...

This article analyses Berlin’s negative and positive interpretations of freedom and idea of value pluralism. It is concluded that pluralism of values and liberals’ negative freedom results in the problem of relativism and ‘Hobbes/Berlin dilemma’ — the dilemma between individual and collective reasons. The concepts of freedom of L. Wittgenstein’s (Hurly, Pettit) and J. Habermas are considered through the prism of these concepts. 1. Вахрушева Е. А. Что от нас ждут в зарубежных журналах? // Известия...

This article identifies the features of analytical approach to studying the sectoral structure of economy, including the general economic, socio-economic, and investment performance. It is concluded that the gross regional product shows steady growth, structural differences from the national average are insignificant, manufacturing produces the greatest output, and wholesale and retail trade is dominated by real estate operations. 1. Развитие экономики Калининградской области в ключевых показателях...

This article considers the possibility of philosophical education influencing moral consciousness in the conditions of contemporary societies. The author stresses the relevance of rational approach to moral issues from the perspective of contemporary philosophy and science. The institution of philosophical education is considered as a means to create a foundation for critical and reflective moral consciousness. 1. Апресян P. Г. Мораль // Новая философская энциклопедия : в 4 т. М., 2010. T. 2. С...

This article considers the socioeconomic characteristics of foreign direct investment and identifies the features of investment activities with foreign capital participation in the exclave region. The author analyses the dynamics of foreign direct investment inflow to the regions of North-West Russia and the industries preferred by foreign investors and identifies the position of the Kaliningrad region among the regions of North-West Russia 1. Официальный сайт Правительства Калининградской области...

This article examines the features of Constitution Democratic Party formation and the activities of party members within the student community. Based on documents introduced into scientific use, the structure, social composition, and activities of metropolitan student groups of the Constitutional Democratic Party are analysed. 1. Балтовский Л. В. Политическая доктрина конституционных демократов.СПб., 2009. 2. Баранов А. Н. Интеллигенция и конституционно-демократическая партия накануне и в период...

The authors consider the structure of the Latvian political elite in 1993—2014 and analyse the major network parameters. The roles of key network actors and their changes over the study period are examined 1. Dogan М., Higley J. Elites, Crises, and the Origins of Regimes. Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, Boulder CO, 1998. 2. Gould R. V., Fernandez R. M. Structures of Mediation: A Formal Approach to Bro¬kerage in Transaction Networks // Sociological Methodology. 1989. № 19. P. 89—126. 3. Higley...

This article proposes a practical method for estimating the regional asymmetry of small and medium business development and presents the results of its approbation in the Northwestern Federal District of Russia. The author makes a conclusion that small and medium business is developing unevenly. The author's method can be used in studying other aspects of the asymmetry of economic development as well as in drawing up small and medium enterprise stimulations programs. 1. Бухарова Е. Б. Оценка стратегического...

This paper explores the influence of the development processes taking place in the Russian Empire on the Baltic Fleet. Five periods of the Baltic Fleet development are identified. The Fleet is interpreted as a significant element of the state mechanism for defending national interests in peace and wartime. 1. Горшков С. Г. Морская мощь государства. М., 1976. 2. История отечественного судостроения : в 5 т. СПб., 1994. Т. 1. 3. Гистория Свейской войны (Поденная записка Петра Великого) : в 2 т. М...

This paper explores different aspects of the daily life of a Chinese city on the basis of reports of the Russian Orthodox Church mission in Beijing dating back to the 18th century. The author shows how studying Chinese material culture contributed to the sociocultural adaptation of missionaries in Beijing. 1. Российский государственный исторический архив. Ф. 728. Министерство иностранных дел. 2. Тимковский Е. Ф. Путешествие в Китай через Монголию в 1820 и 1821 гг. СПб., 1824. Т. 2. 3. Корсаков...

This article uses published sources and literature to study the condition of peasant fishing trade in Novgorod and Pskov Governorates in the second half of the 19th/the beginning of the 20th centuries. The work focuses on analyzing the role of fishing trade in the peasant agriculture. The article describes the socioeconomic and environmental factors contributing to the spread of fishing in the Governorates. The author gives a brief description of fishing equipment used by peasants and emphasizes...

This article analyses the historical prerequisites for the development of the legal framework for local self-governance in the last years of the USSR and RSFSR and the first years of the Russian Federation, as well as its role in the political system and the social life of modern Russia. The author identifies the key contradictions in power relations between public and local authorities. 1. Конституция Рос. Федерации [Электронный ресурс]. Доступ из справ.- правовой системы «КонсультантПлюс» (дата...

This article analyses the features of national identity in modern Bosnia and Herzegovina. The limitrophe ethnocentrism dominant in the regions of former Yugoslavia contributes to increased tension. It is assumed that all political problems of Bosnia and Herzegovina relate to the lack of a common identity, whereas the creation of a strong civic identity will yield more favorable democratic results. 1. Пономарева Е. Г., Рудов Г. А. Балканский передел как зеркало глобализации // Обозреватель — Observer...

This article considers the current problems of fight against corruption in Russia. The author analyzes the capacity of the state and society to combat corruption. It is concluded that the scale of criminal factors affecting corruption is not proportional to the means of combating this phenomenon. In the current conditions, the most effective anti-corruption measures are the upgrading of criminal penalties. 1. Клейменов М. П., Клейменов И. М. Престиж криминологии в мире и в России // Криминологический...

This article suggests forecasting socioeconomic and marketing processes in the Russian market conditions of a transitional period with the help of cluster modelling, which would significantly increase the objectivity of assessing the identified processes and the impact of research. 1. Воробьев Д. Н. Регулирование асимметрии социально-экономического развития муниципальных образований региона : автреф. дис. … канд. экон. наук.Пермь, 2005. 2. Макаров В. Л. Социальный кластеризм. Российский вызов...

This article is devoted to the investigation of forensic and psychological features of persons sentenced to restriction of liberty on the basis of a psychological and sociological analysis of persons sentenced to restriction of freedom registered at penal institutions of the Kaliningrad region. An analysis of the results of the study suggest that, during the sentence period, those sentenced to restriction of freedom either do not reject the commonly accepted norms, values, and behavior patterns or...

This article analyses the features of the modern Russian society from the perspective of synergetic concept of social development. The author maintains that the type of rationality formed by synergetics can become the basis for practical activities in the 21st century Russia thus contributing to the solutions to acute socioeconomic problems. 1. Гэлбрейт Д. Новое индустриальное общество. М., 2004. 2. Гэлбрейт Д. Экономические теории и цели общества. М., 1979. 3. Синергетическая философия истории...

This article considers services as a sphere of social and economic interac- tion with features of game, which makes it possible to approach the analysis of ethic and aesthetic properties of the game taking place in the space of service. The author attempts to define the term “game modality” as a condition for symbolic interactions. 1. Костина А. В. Массовая культура как феномен постиндустриального общества. Изд. 2-е, перераб. и доп. М., 2005. 2. Уинги Т. М. Сделано в Японии. Фартук в субкультуре...

This article offers an approach to the typology of regions based on competitiveness as an integral index of socioeconomic development. The author justifies the key criteria of systematization – the level and dynamics of competitiveness.The regions of three federal districts of the Russian Federation were grouped and competitive and problem regions were identified on the basis of earlier (2002-2011) calculated data on competitiveness. 1. Чернова Т. В. Экономическая статистика : учебное пособие. Таганрог...

This article considers the human rights issues in relations between the Russian Federation and the European Union in the context of formal agreements and real policy from 1994 to the beginning of 2013. The EU regards human rights as fundamental values, which serve as the basis for its foreign relations. Russia tends to consider this issue as an attempt of an ill-disposed external actor to interfere in the domestic politics of the state. 1. Программа сотрудничества ЕС-России (Тасис/ИЕСП). Официальный...

The delegitimation of single-party dictatorship in the 1980s brought about fundamental political changes. The abolishment of the Communist party monopoly in December 1989 marked the formation of the modern Lithuanian multi-party system. The author pays attention to the role of confrontation between the social and political movement „Sajudis» and the Communist party of the Lithuanian SSR in the formation of the bipolar party system based on the ideological confrontation between the two dominant political...

This article analyses different aspects of the development of electronic form of culture. Particular emphasis is placed on the philosophical and sociological study of the phenomenon, which has been pronounced since the second half of the 20th century. The author considers the conditions and factors of the interdisciplinary approach to studying electronic culture. 1. Маклюэн М. Понимание медиа: внешние расширения человека М., 2007. 2. Электронная культура. URL: http:// wiki. iis. ru/wiki/Электронная_культура...

Исследованы наиболее опасные и долговременные детерминанты со-временной преступности. Сделан вывод, что институт предупреждения преступности в нынешних условиях развития общества не эффективен. This article focuses on the most dangerous and long-lasting determinants of modern crime. The author arrives at a conclusion that the institution of crime prevention is inefficient in the current condition of society development. 1. Конституция Российской Федерации. Государственный гимн Российской Федерации...

Рассматриваются проблемы обеспечения в современных условиях количественной и качественной сохранности продовольственных товаров, поставляемых для длительного хранения в государственный резерв, которые в условиях формирования экономики информационного общества имеют принципиально новое звучание. Анализируются вопросы сохранения качества и безопасности продовольственных товаров в процессе хранения. Обосновывается необходимость модернизации производ- ства продуктов питания с учетом инновационных достижений...

This article focuses on the public policy in the field of charity in Russia in the 19th — ealry 20th century and lists state awards for charity handed out to charity departments under the auspicious of the emperor’s family — the Department of Institutions of Empress Maria and the Emperor's Philanthropic Association. The author examines state orders and medals, ranks and uniforms used as social and class motives for charity. 1. Свод законов Российской империи. СПб., 1892. Т. 1, ч.1. 2. Шепелев Л...

The author focuses on the historical events of the late war period and the first post-war years, which resulted in the loss of the pedigree livestock and sorted seeds created by East Prussian stock-breeders and plant-breeders. The article describes the variety of breeding conditions of the first years in the Kaliningrad region. 1. Агроуказания по плодоводству для колхозов и совхозов Калининградской области. Калининград, 1951. 2. Беднова Е. Т. Сорные травы Калининградской области и меры борьбы с...

The author analyses F. Lassalle’s ideas from the perspective of philosophical and legal concept of Sergey Hessen. The role of F. Lassalle’s concept in the development of socialism as viewed by Sergey Hessen is examined in the article. 1. Гаджиев К. С. Национальная идентичность: концептуальный аспект //Вопросы философии. 2011. № 10. URL: http://vphil.ru/index.php?option-com_content&task-view&id-400&Itemid-52 (дата обращения: 27.03.2012). 2. Гессен С. И. Борьба утопии и автономии добра в мировоззрении...

This paper considers the cultural, political, and historical problems of the development of European identity in the discourse of Europe. The author addresses the question as to whether European identity is a category of political discourse or a real instrument of European integration and comes to a conclusion that the concepts of European identity are stuck in a methodological trap. And the EU institutional design does not inspire confidence among the residents of united Europe. The question as...

This article focuses on the features of political news communication. The author pays attention to various journalist techniques used in news delivery and identifies the most effective means to disseminate news. 1. Антипов К. В. Паблик рилейшнз : учеб. пособ. М., 2002. 2. Газетные жанры : учеб. пособ. / под ред. М. С. Черепахова. 2-е изд. М., 1976. 3. Дейк Т. А. ван. Язык. Познание. Коммуникация : сб. работ. М., 1989. 4. Федотова Л. Н. Анализ содержания — социологический метод изучения...

This article focuses on the daily life and problems of the development of new collective farms in the Kaliningrad region (1946—1953) on the basis of earlier unknown archive documents. The study sets out to broaden our perception of the phenomenon of totalitarianism and transformations in the Soviet society in the last years of Stalin's regime, as well as to identify the specific features of regional history at this stage. 1. История сельского хозяйства Калининградской области. Калининград, 2006...

This article considers the concept of improving the methodology of management of exclave region’s economy on the basis of investment programming. The author suggests a methodological approach to improving investment programming management in order to ensure a sustainable socio-economic situation in the region. 1. Основные положения региональной политики в Российской Федерации : указ Президента РФ № 803 от 3 июня 1996 г.  [Электронный ресурс]. Доступ из справ.-правовой системы «КонсультантПлюс»...

This article considers rationality of practical activity as one of the criteria of development of society. The author analyses the efficiency of education as a social institution in this context. Education distinguishes between training and upbringing and emphasises the need to increase the level of rationality of education in order to overcome crisis phenomena in the society. Special attention is paid to the higher education reform implemented in Russia. 1. Автономова Н. С. Рассудок, разум, рациональность...

This article analyses the axiological features of the phenomenon of rationality of acting in the framework of social-philosophical and cultural discourse. The author identifies the functions of philosophical education in the conditions of system crisis of modern civilization. Philosophical education is considered as a means to increase rationality of thinking and acting. 1. Бохеньский Ю. М. Духовная ситуация времени // Вопросы философии. 1993. № 5. С. 94—98. 2. Диев В. С. Управление. Философия...

This article focuses on the problems of preserving ethnocultural identity in the conditions of globalisation and blurring of cultural distinctions, first of all, the possible loss of ethnocultural identity of Russian-speaking population in the post-Soviet space of the Republic of Lithuania. A specialised survey is used as material for the analysis of the role of education as one of the most important social institutions ensuring the formation, preservation, and reproduction of cultural identity...

This article justifies the need and system-and-function-based methodology for institutional support for strategic management of regional development. The author offers an empirical analysis and proposes recommendations for updating and establishment of institutions of strategic management of socio-economic development at the federal and regional levels. 1. Лопатников Л. И. Экономико-математический словарь. М., 2003. 2. Новиков К. Добрый совет // Российская газета. 2011. 17 нояб. 3. Розманский...

This article examines the results of municipal reform, analyses the budgetary policy of the Kaliningrad region, and identifies the problems of formation of local budget revenues. The author described the methods to improve budgetary policy, which could level the differences in economic and social development of municipalities and solve the problem of stability and independence of local budgets. 1. Об областном бюджете на 2010 год и плановый 2011 и 2012 годы : закон Калининградской области № 402...

This article is the first to suggest performing diagnostics and analysis of the influence of crisis phenomena on socioeconomic development of regionswith the help of an approach based on quantitative assessment of the current competitiveness of the region. The author offers calculations of integral development indices for three regions of three different federal districts of the Russian Federation for 2007-2010, as well as an analysis of the degree, to which regional economies were affected by the...

This paper considers the history of the Swedish pension system. Universal pension coverage is one of the key elements of the Swedish model of socioeconomic development. The author identifies the main stages of Swedish pension system development and emphasizes the need for further reforming. 1.  Korpi W., Stenberg S-Å., Åmark K. Välfärdsstat i brytningstid. URL : http :// www 2. historia . su . se / personal / klas _ amark / slutrapportViB . pdf (дата обра­ще­ния: 01.09.2011). 2.  Создавая...

The article presents the main factors of the emergence of Russian conservative nationalism in the first quarter of the XIX century and the role of socalled «Russian Party» (N. Karamzin, A. Shishkov, F. Rostoptschin, S. Glinka) in this process. The author defines the basic elements of conservative nationalist ideology: interpretation of the people as a «body politic», antiwesternism, antiliberalism, cult of autocracy, selective glorification of Russia’s historical past. 1.  Карамзин Н. М. Записка...

The article casts light on the system of intelligence officer training. The deep changes in the political and socioeconomic life of the USSR resulted in the growth of opposition attitudes. It necessitated higher efficiency of the officers of the National Commissariat of Home Affairs. The author considers the main forms and methods of the interaction between the law enforcement institutions and local population. 1.  Архив Управления Федеральной службы безопасности по Псковской об­ласти. Д. 4124...

The article analyses the mechanisms of the development of American foreign policy towards Central and Eastern Europe on the example of Poland.The author considers a number of factors that influenced the process of the foreign policy development. 1. Печатнов В.   О. Мистер «Икс» в 1945 г . (неизвестное письмо Джорджа Кен­нана) // Проблемы всемирной истории. СПб ., 2000. 2. Alternative concepts of United States foreign policy 1943—1947. European and global aspects of postwar...

The article determines the key elements of the Weltanschauung of the great American 19th century poet and writer. The author criticises some interpretations of Poe’s views on the Universe, God and cognition problem. 1.  Головин Е.   В. Лавкрафт — исследователь аутсайда. URL: http://www.lovecraft.ru/author/articles/outside.html. 2.  Ковалев Ю.   В. Эдгар Аллан По. Новеллист и поэт: монография. Л., 1984. 3.  Лао Цзы . Дао дэ цзин. СПб., 1999. 4.  Лосев А.   Ф. Гностицизм. URL: http://mystudies...

The article presents the results of the survey on the attitude of the Belgorod region residents to drug addiction. The problem of drug addiction is analysed from the points of view of three groups: residents, specialists in drug addiction prevention and experts on this problem. The authors define stereotypes and illusions about drug addiction and its prevention. The article provides practical recommendations which include a system for information support for drug addicts. 1.  О ситуации , связанной...

The article presents the requirements to orphan socialization and resocialization processes, the determinants and criteria of the estimation of orphan rеsocialization efficiency in the course of vocational training; the authors define organization and methodology bases of resocialization individual support at vocational school. 1.  Реан А.   А. Психология личности. Социализация, поведение, общение. СПб.; М., 2004. 2.  Реан А.   А. Уличные дети и общество: социальные и психологические ас­пекты...