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This article focuses on the problem of the nature of gmina courts in the Kingdom of Poland, which is of fundamental significance for identifying their role in the judicial system of the Russian Empire. Based on an analysis of historical and legal facts and documents, it is concluded ...

... notion at a certain stage of the development of science – that of normal science. It is stressed that, despite differences in approaches, the theories do not contradict but rather complement each other. 1. Mamedov A. K., Rybakova V. V. Scientific problem as a factor of science development // Science and Education: materials of the V international research and practice conference. Vol. 2. Munich, Germany. February 27—28th, 2014. Munich, 2014. P. 257—260. 2. Merton R. K. Paradigms: The Codification ...

... considered as a means of differentiating legal regulation of entrepreneurial activities. The author stresses the use of special legal regimes in entrepreneurship legislation and examines the purposes of their application. The article emphasises the problems of improving special legal regimes of entrepreneurship. 1. Словарь иностранных слов. М., 1980. 2. Большой энциклопедический словарь. М., 2000. 3. Матузов Н. И., Малько А....

... in the form of cultural, organizational and group factors. The efficiency of management process is associated with concurrence of the personified blocks of symbols of the subject and the object of administrative interactions. The authors address the problem of correlation between the categories of “management” and “situation”. 1. Вебер М. Избранное. Образ общества / пер. с нем. М., 2005. 2. Cooley Ch. Human Nature and the Social Order. N. Y., 1964. 3. ...

This article examines certain issues relating to the calculation of large and especially large amounts of unpaid taxes. It is noted that the Plenum of the Supreme Court is expected to amend current Decision No. 64 of 28.12.2006 ‘On the practices of courts applying criminal legislation on liability for tax crimes’. It is also stressed that, despite the existing obligation to pay insurance premiums, there is no rule on criminal liability of persons evading such payments. In this regard, it is proposed...

This article examines the origins and development of the public history movement in America. Special attention is paid to analysing ideas and approaches dominant at different stages of its development and identifying factors behind changes in major trends. It is shown that pubic history has undergone significant transformations abandoning the idea of professionalising non-academic history for that of collaborative structuring of the past by historians and the general public. 1. Махов А. С. Рой Розенцвейг:...

This article considers the problems of securing competitive advantages of an organisation in a dynamic environment and focuses on the key methodological approaches to studying the strategic potential of an organisation (SPO). Special attention is paid to the resource approach and ...

... for decision-making at a furniture enterprise. In particular, the possibility of using tools of management accounting — marginal analysis and operational leverage – is considered. The author emphasises technical, organisational, and methodological problems of cost accounting at furniture factories in the Kaliningrad region. The author provides recommendations for conducting a management analysis and developing management account aimed at an effective reduction in costs and labour intensity. 1....

Archeological research, which started back in 1990s, made it possible to single out a separate group of settlements on the Vistula Lagoon shore — Waldburg-type monuments. Taking into consideration the distinctive cultural features of the complex, and its early dating, we can safely assume the existence of a protophase in the course of Primorskaya Culture development, which hypothetically took place between 3100—2900 BC. Globular Amphorae Culture and Sub-Neolithic Cultures could have influenced the...

This article addresses advanced training of teachers in the period between the reforms of 1960—1970 and 1984. Special attention is paid to the prereform optimization of teachers’ theoretical background and practical skills. The achievements and problems of the system of teachers’ advanced training in the Kaliningrad region are demonstrated in the case of the Guryevsk district. 1. Внедрение достижений педагогики в практику работы школы : сб....

This article describes different aspects of the everyday life of the German military elite during World War I. The author stresses the effect of protracted hostilities on professional high-ranking officers in view of their age, special social standards, and family relations. Special attention is paid to a new little-studied area of research. 1. Деметр К. Германский офицерский корпус. М., 2007. 2. Ланник Л. В. Германская военная элита периода Великой войны и революции и «русский след» в ее развитии...

This article addresses the topical issues of notarization of a will and the prospects of its development. The author makes proposals on improving the legislation relating to establishing the legal capacity of a citizen. 1. Конституция Российской Федерации : принята всенародным голосованием 12 дек. 1993 г. (с изм. от 30 дек. 2008 г. № 6-ФКЗ, № 7-ФКЗ, от 5 февр. 2014 г. № 2-ФКЗ) // Собр. законодательства Рос. Федерации. 2014. № 9, ст. 851. 2. Основы законодательства Российской Федерации о нотариате...

Social constructivism is a philosophical and methodological approach widely used in the gender studies of the second half of the 20th century. The author examines the theoretical framework for sociological constructivism and ideological reasons behind its popularity in feminist philosophy. The author considers social constructivism as a form of sociological reductionism in explaining human behaviour. 1. Батлер Дж. Психика власти: теории субъекции. Харьков ; СПб., 2002. 2. Бовуар С. де. Второй пол...

... Coordination and Governance in the Economic and Mon-etary Union. The author analyses the key decisions of the Federal Consti-tutional Court of Germany on this issue. Special attention is paid to the need to implement some of the Treaty provisions as the core problem of the ratifica-tion process. 1. Treaty on Stability, Coordination and Governance in the Economic and Monetary Union. URL: http://european-council.europa.eu/media/639235/st00tscg26_en12.pdf (дата обращения: 02.03.2015). 2. Resolution ...

This article discusses the problem of correlation between the two fundamental concepts of Kantian philosophy — transcendental reflection and the ideal of pure reason. Based on the analysis of Kant’s three Critiques, the author demonstrates that the ideal of pure reason can ...

This article addresses certain issues of the legal regulation of collaterals in view of the civil law reforms. The author considers the problem of establishing the legal nature of the collateral, as well as the possibilities of using certain types of collaterals. 1. О совершенствовании Гражданского кодекса Российской Федерации : ...

This article addresses the problem of development of state archive institutions in Russian in the period of developed socialism in the USSR. It is shown that, despite certain professional achievements, Russian state archives were faced with unfavourable conditions explained by ...

... provides an analysis of the key aspects of game-theoretic semantics and demonstrates its advantages in presenting incomplete information and imperfect memory. The author identifies the limitations of J. Hintikka’s game-theoretic semantics as to the problem of asymmetry in semantic games. The article provides an overview of concurrent game-theoretic semantics. 1. Хинтикка Я. Логико-эпистемологические исследования. М., 1980. 2. Mann A. L., Sandu G.,...

This article discusses certain features of the enforcement mechanism in the legal regulation of public authorities’ responsibility. The author conducts a critical analysis of the possibilities of using laws as enforcement acts of the legal responsibility of public authorities. The shortcomings of certain legal constructions associated with public enforcement measures against public authorities are identified. The article addresses the issues for improving the related legislation of the Russian Federation...

This article studies human resource availability at Kaliningrad regional educational institutions in the first post-Soviet period. Attention is paid to staffing of school after 1991, the measures taken by education authorities to improve the living conditions of teachers, and the aspiration of teachers to increase their knowledge and skills to meet the needs of the changing education systems. Teachers had to not only embark on the current processes of state development and change approaches to the...

This article considers the contentious issues of modern military anthropology, including research methodology. The author focuses on the use of anthropology as a method of historical research since the early 19th century until today. The problem of correlation between the subjective and objective in the objective of historical research is analysed, a promising direction of development of this research field is suggested. 1. Гегель Г. В. Ф. Энциклопедия философских ...

This article explores issues relating to qualifying actions of performed by an authorized representative in collusion with the taxpayer or by those conducting entrepreneurial activities through a figurehead. It is stressed that the Plenary Session of the Supreme Court should clarify these issues through introducing amendments to the existing Resolution No. 64 of December 28, 2006 "On the practice of court application of criminal legislation concerning liability for tax crimes". 1. Статистические...

This article analysis the changes in the level of requirements for and the expected competencies of professional marketers in the age of digital communications. The article discusses the role and evaluates the contribution of mar-keting specialists to the economic and financial performance of companies and organisations. The author analyses the applied methods and indicators that used to assess the level of specialists' competencies in the area of marketing. 1. Дойль П. Маркетинг, ориентированный...

... influence of the Christian right movement in the USA in the 1990s. The author considers the organizational changes and ideological transformation within the movement and its effect on the political process in this period. The article identifies the problems facing the Christian Right movement in its attempt to devise political tactics in the mid-1990s. The author pays special attention to the question of the interaction between the Christian Right movement and the Republican Party. 1. Bendyna M....

This article addresses the problem of discretionary powers of judges and considers the correlation between the notions of judicial discretions and discretionary powers. Based on an analysis of scientific literature, the author identifies the features of discretion powers of judges,...

This article presents an approach to developing a comprehensive model of demand for agricultural produce in the Kaliningrad region within the re-search problem of ensuring regional food security. The comprehensive model includes the regulatory and statistical patterns of consumption and a model of demand for resources among agricultural manufacturers. The article presents the results of statistical modelling ...

This article focuses on the major problems of studying one of the key aspects of the demographic history of the Kaliningrad region – the evolution of mortality rate in urban and rural population. Based on an analysis of statistical data from archival documents, the author considers ...

This article develops a theory of the structure of operational and functional components of the thinking process: the problems of analysing procedural units of thinking are formulated; the content of the “method of thinking” and “technique of thinking” concepts are given a precise definition. The author analyses the content and relational characteristics of procedural ...

This article considers the problem of food security in the case of the Kaliningrad region. The key threat to regional food security is the increasing dependence on import. It is proved that the region’s food security can be ensured through self-sufficiency. 1. ВТО-ИНФОРМ....

This article analyses various aspects of public policy in the field of urban design in the 1950s/1960s. The achievements and difficulties in solving the housing problem in Kaliningrad are identified. The process of modernization of regional construction industry is analysed. The article identifies the general and specific features of construction and development of residential areas under Khrushchev and examines ...

The article considers the ethical and anthropological component of double discourse in V. Nabokov’s novel Despair. The author considers the problem of comparison between a person and a thing addressed by Nabokov. Parallels to the doppelganger discussion and ethical criticism in Russian philosophy and literature abroad are drawn. 1. Яновский В. Поля Елисейские: книга ...

... minimising energy threats to the economy of the Kaliningrad region — an isolated Russian exclave. The au-thors consider the key aspects of the region’s economic security, identify threats, and provide a critical assessment different solutions to this problems. The research is based on the data of Rosstat and international statistics (IEA), analytical materials, and publications on the problems of global and regional energy security. The articles suggests that the optimal solution to the energy security ...

This article discusses the interpretation of legal norms by courts, which consist primarily in understanding the law. The interpretation of the law is often conducted alongside the interpretation of the statute, which requires serious professional and academic training, especially, if it involves the use of constitutional norms, analogy of law, and the principles of law. The authors stress that the courts of the Russian Federation do not create sources of law, but merely interpret them in the framework...

This article analyses Berlin’s negative and positive interpretations of freedom and idea of value pluralism. It is concluded that pluralism of values and liberals’ negative freedom results in the problem of relativism and ‘Hobbes/Berlin dilemma’ — the dilemma between individual and collective reasons. The concepts of freedom of L. Wittgenstein’s (Hurly, Pettit) and J. Habermas are considered through the prism of these concepts. 1. Вахрушева ...

The problem of waste generation lies in that it is a major source of an-thropogenic pollution on a global scale, as well as an inevitable result of the consumer’s attitude to nature and a low coefficient of resource use. Recycling consists in the extraction ...

This article considers the topical issues of modern Russian notary system and the prospects of its development. The author formulates certain recommendations on the improvement of legislation pertaining to the legal status of the notary. The draft federal law ‘On the Notary System and Activities in the Russian Federation’ is analysed. 1. Основы законодательства Российской Федерации о нотариате / (утв. ВС РФ. 1993 № 4462-1) (ред. от 05.04.2013 № 43-ФЗ) // Ведомости СНД и ВС РФ. 1993, № 10. Ст. 357...

An analysis of the transcript of a meeting held on June 26—27, 1946 at the Königsberg Office for Civil Affairs helps consider the perspective of the civil administration and the commandment of the 11th Guards Army on the problems of the development of the Königsberg / Kaliningrad region in 1946. The meeting participants focused on the conflict between the civil and military authorities. Different models of relations between the military and civil administrative structures ...

This article analyses the problems of civil law regulation, identifies contentious issues, and states that the dispositive principle can act as a basis for economic relations development. 1. О внесении изменений в главы 1, 2, 3 и 4 части первой ...

This article considers the current problems of fight against corruption in Russia. The author analyzes the capacity of the state and society to combat corruption. It is concluded that the scale of criminal factors affecting corruption is not proportional to the means of combating this ...

... pragma-dialectics. The author argues that it is justified to consider different approaches to argumentation as complementary. 1. Blair J. A. Tindale’s Acts of arguing: A rhetorical model of argument // Informal Logic. 2000. Vol. 20 (2). 2. Govier T. Problems in argument analysis and evaluation. Dordrecht, 1987. 3. Grice P. Aspects of reason. Oxford, 2001. 4. Johnson R. H. Manifest rationality: A pragmatic theory of argument. Mahwah, 2000. 5. Perelman C., Olbrechts-Tyteca L. The new rhetoric: A ...

... article considers the formation of ethical codes in modern Russia. The authors investigate legal acts regulating the creation, implementation, and preservation of ethical standards. The article offers a system of ethical codes and identifies certain problems of their application. 1. Бережкова Н. Ф. Роль этических норм в деятельности органов прокуратуры Российской Федерации // Административное право ...

This article explores some of the issues associated with the adoption of the Federal Law № 420-FZ of December 7, 2011 ‘On the Amendments to the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation’. It is noted that the effectiveness of rules pertaining to the exemption from criminal liability for tax offenses largely depends on the phrasing of the relevant articles of the Criminal Code. 1. Казаков Е. С. Комментарий к федеральному закону от 07.12.2011 №...

This article analyses the features of national identity in modern Bosnia and Herzegovina. The limitrophe ethnocentrism dominant in the regions of former Yugoslavia contributes to increased tension. It is assumed that all political problems of Bosnia and Herzegovina relate to the lack of a common identity, whereas the creation of a strong civic identity will yield more favorable democratic results. 1. Пономарева Е. Г., Рудов Г. А. Балканский передел ...

This article analyzes the provisions of the recently adopted federal law on the contract system and identifies its shortcomings. The author stresses that new rules are not capable of solving the problem of legal regulation aimed to satisfy state requirements and will create additional complications in the use of terminology, application of legislation, identification of the scope of different regulations, and the correlation of private and public ...

This article considers the basic approaches to the use of Internet resources in the detection and investigation of crimes. It is stressed that the Internet affects ways the crime is committed, the features of criminal traces, and the choice of means and methods used in the process of detection and investigation of crimes. 1. Эффективные меры борьбы с транснациональной организованной преступностью // XI Конгресс Организации Объединенных Наций по предупреждению преступности и уголовному правосудию...

This article considers the introduced and planned changes to the Civil Code of the Russian Federation relating to the construction of a system of legal entities. It is concluded that there is a deviation from earlier doctrinal statements about the directions of system development. The changes do not take into account the existing interconnections and may have a negative impact on law enforcement practices. 1. О внесении изменений в главы 1, 2, 3 и 4 части первой Гражданского кодекса Российской Федерации...

This article considers the problems of studying the strategic potential of organisations in the modern conditions. The authors analyse the methods of allowing for the uncertainty factor within the programming solution development procedures. 1. Друкер П. Ф. Задачи ...

This article considers the tariff policy issues serving as the focus of economic discussions, since their solution has a profound effect on the opportunities of the country’s economic development. The tariff policy problems impair the efficiency and competitiveness of national business and lower living standards. The government declares its readiness to limit the growth of tariffs, which, however, suggests “manual operation” and stopgap measures. The author ...

This article emphasizes the lacunae in the legal regulation of termination of powers and employment agreement of executive officers in connection with the replacement of the exclusive executive body. 1. Трудовой кодекс Российской Федерации от 30.12.2001 № 197-ФЗ (ред. от 07.06.2013) [Электронный ресурс]. Доступ из справ.-правовой системы «Консультант Плюс». 2. Арбитражный процессуальный кодекс Российской Федерации от 24.07.2002 № 95-ФЗ (ред. от 07.06.2013) [Электронный ресурс]. Доступ из справ...