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This article discusses the trends of demographic development of the Baltic Sea region's cities. It analyses the factors affecting the urban population dynamics in the second half of the 20th — the beginning of the 21st centuries. The authors emphasise the dependence of the Baltic cities on the socioeconomic development level throughout the region as well as intraregional disparities. The article analyses the conclusions drawn in the "Urban audit.2007" report. 1. Kotov, A. Norvezhskij suverennyj...

The author considers the problems of schooling in the bourgeois Lithuania and later, in the Lithuanian SSR. On the basis of archival documents and statistical data that were unavailable in the Soviet period, the author analyses historiographical materials and studies the peculiarities of the education system, as well as evaluates the attitude of the state, the national authorities and the republic's population towards this issue. 1.      Kretinin, G.   V. 2008. Gosudarstvenno-pravovye aspekty...

Educational co-operation is one of the main aspects of the regional political agenda in the Baltic Sea Region. The article analyzes the political impact of the organizations, as perceived by the universities in the region and political decision-makers on national and regional levels. Based on the success of the OECD in becoming an influential actor in educational policies, this article discusses different strategies for the regional political organizations to enhance their influence. 1.  Aaviksoo...

... Malizia, E., Feser, E. 2000. Understanding local economic development. New Jersey. 12. Mohrmana, K., Ma, W., Baker, D. 2008. Higher Education Policy, № 21, pp. 5—27. 13. Lester, R. K. Universities, Innovation, and the Competitiveness of Local Economies: A Summary Report from the Local Innovation Systems Project — Phase I. [online] Available at: http://web.mit.edu/lis> [Accessed 5 July 2010] 14. Nelson, R. 1993. National Systems of Innovation: A Comparative Analysis. Oxford. 15. Shattock,...

Druzhinin Alexander, Fedorov Gennady, Shuvalov Vladimir 10.5922/2079-8555-2010-2-14 136-137

This article presents an analytical review of the programmes of the registered candidates for the position of the President of Poland in the presidential campaign of 2010. The article mainly focuses on the relevant players and the formation of centers of influence in the electoral campaign. 1.      Postanowienie Marszałka Sejmu z dnia 21 kwietnia 2010 r. o zarządzeniu wy­borów Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej// Panstwowa komisja wyborcza 2009. June. URL: http://www. pkw. gov. pl/pkw2/index...

The main goal of this article is to analyse the political risk of Russia with a special emphasis on Kaliningrad. In this study, political risks are assessed using the normative model of macro political risk assessment developed by Alon and Martin in 1998. In this model, political risks are divided into government-, society- and economy-related variables. 1.      Argus Ease foreign investment restrictions — Trutnev, Argus FSU Energy , July 31, 2009. 2.      BBC Views of China and Russia Decline...

This article offers the results of research conducted in the Kaliningrad region in the framework of the "Development of Russian Energy Sector: Social and Environmental Consequences and Prospects" network project by the Centre for Advanced Studies and Education. The authors assess the structure of regional energy sector and its influence on the economy according to key parameters. The article analyses the social effect of energy sector on the basis of a survey conducted for Kaliningrad....

... Информационное агентство REGNUM . 2009. 31 авг. URL : http://www.regnum.ru/news/1201177.html (12.11.2009). 30.    Łoskot-Strachota A. The Baltic Sea as the most important corridor for Rus­sia’s oil exports // Expert article 264. Baltic Rim Economies . 2008. 19 de с . Bimonthly Review 6 — 2008. URL: http://www.tse.fi/FI/yksikot/erillislaitokset/pei/Documents/ bre2008/BRE_6_2008/264-6-2008 %20Expert%20Articles.pdf (12.11.2009). 31.    Oil Exports . Russia. Country Analysis Briefing....

This article considers national energy security as a component of foreign policy and diplomacy and analyses the current state of Russian energy policy, the role of Russia in global energy geopolitics and the factors affecting it. The author examines energy diplomacy as an instrument of foreign policy at both global and regional levels taking into account the changes in the corporate policy of energy companies. Zhiznin Stanislav 10.5922/2079-8555-2010-1-2 7-17 global energy, international relations...

The article offers a pragmatic approach to certain aspects of cross-border regionalisation. The marketing component of Euroregion development and the implementation of cross-border cooperation projects are considered as key directions of the joint activity of cross-border partner-regions. The authors analyse the opportunity to apply the territory brand model to research on the mechanisms of cross-border cooperation and to the elaboration of an efficient development strategy as a promising direction...

The article is dedicated to the problem of competitiveness of border regions as subjects of the Russian Federation having specific characteristics. The authors focus on the stages, during which border regions build their competitiveness, as well as analyse certain indices characterizing it. They examine the role of these regions in the development of international trade and economic relations, cross-border cooperation and international integration, taking the North-west federal district and the Republic...

The article positions trans-border regions that are formed in the course of cooperation between the administrative, territorial and municipal institutions of neighbouring countries or have similar important characteristics, in the hierarchical system of regions. The authors prove trans-border regions to be a type of international regions and consider specific characteristics of these regions using the Baltic region as an example. 1. Алаев Э. Б. Социально-экономическая география. Понятийно-терминологический...

Since the accession of Poland and Lithuania to the EU, the nature, forms and content of their border cooperation with the Kaliningrad region have fundamentally changed. There is a tendency towards strengthening the neighborhood policy. The already gained extensive and varied experience of the participation of the Kaliningrad region in the IN-TERREG Programme contributed to the socio-economic development of the region. The new financial tools should be linked to the regional development strategies...

One of the problems of tax policy of the Russian Federation is the relation between the tax system and tax-related budget settlement. There are several traditional sources of tax reimbursement: revenue, expenses, financial result (pre-tax profit, taxable profit, retained earnings). Under these conditions, it is hardly possible to estimate unambiguously the tax burden on the taxpayer's activities. Moreover, direct by their economic nature taxes are subject to indirect taxation. 1. Налоговый кодекс...