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... Petersburg agglomeration. The coastal location of the agglomeration and close connections with the Leningrad region make it possible ... ... creates additional prerequisites for the inversion of the Russian economic space — ‘Russia of the physical space’ and ‘the ... ... productive forces], p. 82. 8. Cowen, D., Smith, N. 2009, After Geopolitics? From the Geopolitical Social to Geoeconomics, Antipode,... ... faktorov social'no-jekonomicheskogo razvitija regionov [Piramida of factors of social and economic development of regions],Voprosy ...

... when it was established, the problem of choos­ing a devel­opment strategy has always been and remained an urgent issue. Especially sharply, it arose with a change in the geopolitical position of the re­gion after the collapse of the Soviet Union and the Baltic economic area. Ex­clavity is the most important geopolitical factor in the life of the region. The dialectic of exclave is in the discretion of not only the obstacles, but also of the development possibilities of the region. An­other major factor is the immediate proximity of the European Union. Through understanding ...

... researchers in different fields. Yet the prospects for cooperation between the region and neighbouring communities in Poland and Lithuania, which once constituted an integrated social, economic and political space, remain unclear. Media analysts and scholars alike tend... ... the delapidated cross-border relations are rather subjective and lie in the field of geopolitical orientation, information and institutional policy, as well as persistent... ... http://search.worldbank.org/data?qterm=2263478 (accessed 16 August 2013). 4. PPP conversion factor, GDP (LCU per international $), 2013, World Bank Database, available at: http://search...

The article is devoted to the analysis of the behaviour of bidders in the global gold market affected by short-term and medium-term geopolitical dis­turbances. The direction, volume, speed and time range of investments in gold are determined depending on the nature of geopolitical threats. Based on non-economic factors, the author reveals the main patterns of making trivial and non-trivial decisions on investing in gold. The first part ...

... Kaliningrad region, being an exclave, needs an updated regional development strategy based on the national strategy of modernisation and innovation-based development and, at the same time, taking into account the geopolitical aspect. It is necessary to proceed with the implementation of large-scale projects that stimulate the development ... ... обращения: 15.03.2008). Fedorov Gennady 10.5922/2079-8555-2010-2-1 4-12 regional strategies, development corridor, geopolitical factor, Kaliningrad region, Baltic region

Dramatic geopolitical and geo-economic changes occurring since 2022 have created a new development context for Russian border regions redrawing their economic security boundaries. The latter are also changing, which is understood as the required level of security in the current ... ... theoretical understanding and development of measures to ensure it. A socio-geographical approach to addressing this issue allows factoring in the regions’ spatial characteristics, in particular, the influence of the border factor. Highlighting the specific ...

The exclusive position of the Kaliningrad region is a fundamental geopo­litical factor in its socio-economic and socio-cultural development. Given the region’s foreign positioning, exclavity ... ... possibilities and limitations of exclavity in overcoming foreign positioning of the region. The economic dependence of the Kaliningrad region on the federal government policies inside... ... cooperation benefits in the short and medium term. While the Kaliningrad region is secured geopolitical­ly by the military superiority of the Russian state over a potential adversary...

This article considers national energy security as a component of foreign policy and diplomacy and analyses the current state of Russian energy policy, the role of Russia in global energy geopolitics and the factors affecting it. The author examines energy diplomacy as an instrument of foreign policy at both global and regional levels taking into account the changes in the corporate policy of energy companies. Zhiznin Stanislav 10.5922/2079-8555-2010-1-2 ...

In recent years, social and economic development has been taking place in Russian regions amidst efforts to counter the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic and the growing geopolitical confrontation between Russia and the West. This article aims to analyse ... ... had a distinctly negative effect on its development. In 2020, the major aggravating factor was the substantial proportion of ‘simple’ services in the structure of the...

... geographically separated from the rest of Russia by foreign states. The development of the region became dependent on external factors, including Russia’s political relations with foreign countries, NATO and EU. Geopoliti­cal changes required adjustments in the region’s socio-economic development strategy. In the period of 1991 to 2018 three comprehensive strategies suc­ceeded one another: Special economic zone (SEZ) strategy, Cooperation region strategy, International development corridor strategy. The article describes ...

Amid a worsening geopolitical situation and Big Eurasia plunging into geoeconomic uncertainty, Russian regions are working towards new interregional collaborations and ... ... positioning of St. Petersburg and the Kaliningrad region in the Baltic. This study has proved instrumental in inventorying all the factors, forms, and areas of cooperation between the two regions. In the article, I also pay attention to individual projects ...

... focuses on the correlation between the contemporary crisis phenomenon in the Eurozone and some CIS countries, and the existing Euroregions. We attempt to analyze the interdependence... ... of the qualitative aspect of cross-border relations of European countries with their economic sustainability in the context of regional international integration. The theoretical... ... Yu. V. 2009, Osobennosti geopoliticheskih processov v Central'noj Evrope [Features geopolitical processes in Central Europe], Upravlencheskoe konsul'tirovanie [Management...

... involved in international educational migration is growing increasingly intensive, and its results are having a more noticeable impact on socio-political and socio-economic... ... potential labor resources for the country’s economy and as an indicator for assessing geopolitical and geoeconomic processes. Current trends in international educational... ... international educational services market is growing. Under the influence of geopolitical factors and sanctions, the flows of educational immigration to Russia are transforming...

... believe the emerging order will be polycentric, more equitable, and less stable than the current political system. At the current ... ... represented by organizations such as the SCO and BRICS+. One of the factors contributing to changes in global politics is the Ukrainian ... ... all regions of the world, interregional relationships, and the geopolitical influence on specific regional actors are undergoing ... ... security and military-technical cooperation, China dominates in the economic sphere. The aim of this study is to examine the role of ...

Amid a worsening geopolitical situation and Big Eurasia plunging into geoeconomic uncertainty, Russian regions are working towards new interregional collaborations and ... ... positioning of St. Petersburg and the Kaliningrad region in the Baltic. This study has proved instrumental in inventorying all the factors, forms, and areas of cooperation between the two regions. In the article, I also pay attention to individual projects ...

... of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, West Pomeranian, Pomeranian, and Warmian-Masurian Voivodeships, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, ... ... D. Szymańska. Toruń, 2000. Р. 9—11. 30. Kuptsch Ch. The Economic Crisis and Labour Migration Policy in European Countries ... ... Р. 137—142. 50. Rauglaudre P. de. Russophones in Latvia: a geopolitical approach // Multicultural Regions and Cities. Region ... ... L. International cross-border migration in South-East Baltic: factors, structure, consequences // Baltic Region. 2010. № 4(6)....

The patterns of development and distribution of production, including agricultural production, common to the country, are also characteristic of the exclave ... ... region. However, spatial isolation from other Russian regions causes, firstly, a greater dependence on external geoeconomic and geopolitical factors and, secondly, a clearer manifestation of the patterns of spatial differentiation in the economy. Research methods are ...

... education amongst international students, there is a risk that this trend could change dramatically due to the global crisis and the current geopolitical situation. This contribution considers BRICS countries — Brazil, India, China and South Africa — as key markets ... ... countries to import Russian educa­tional services. Statistical data is utilised to conduct a time-series analysis of demographic factors, population structure and economic growth in BRICS countries. Russian education exports to BRICS countries are quantified using measures such as the enrolment ...

The coastal area of Russia is a dynamically developing region of the coun­try, the geopolitical and geostrategic importance of which has grown significant­ly in recent decades due to changes in the external conditions of ... ... Zelinsky W. The Hypothesis of the Mobility Transition // Geographical Re­view. 1971. № 61. P. 219—249. 11. Iden G., Richter C. Factors Associated with Population Mobility in the Atlantic Coastal Plains Region // Land Economics. 1971. Vol. 47, № 2. P. 189—193. 12. Fulanda B., Munga C., Ohtomi J. et al. The structure and evolution of the coastal ...

... article focuses on the urgent issues of the labour resourses repeoduction in the Kaliningrad region as a result of interregional and international labor migration for the last years. Reducing the number of own labor resources in changing external and internal ... ... analysis. The aim of the study is to analyze the position of the Kaliningrad region in the labor migration within the transforming geopolitical space. The article describes the regional labor market evolution under the influence of demographic and economic dynamics. The migration situation in the region has been thoroughly considered. It was revealed that, despite the fact ...

This article provides a detailed definition of the concepts of ‘tourist area demarcation’ and ‘tourist zoning’. The earlier proposed components of competitiveness index help identify four major groups of factors of recreation zone differentiation. The recreation zoning of the Kaliningrad region was carried out in view of the geopolitical position, development of tourist infrastructure, and current and potential tourist specialisation of municipalities.... ... Bertalanffy von. L. Zu einer allgemeinen Systemlehre // Biologia Generalis.1949. № 195. S. 114—129. 9. Pirozhnik I. I. Economic and geographic problems of formation of territorial recreational systems and recreational division into districts in ...