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... representatives of the authorities, in particular, control bodies, and so-called new bourgeoisie. Such relations were supported with certain remuneration which became the factor for specific Soviet corruption to emerge. It is noted that even a fairly tough political and legal regime, which is associated with the Stalinism, did not overcome organized forms of criminal activity, though that period didn’t encourage any interaction between criminals and representatives of the authorities. A new stage in the ...

... recent Polish studies on identity and collective memory in the Kaliningrad region of the Russian Federation. Polish authors have analysed the development of Kaliningrad regional identity – a process closely related to collective memory changes and politics of memory. Scholars have explored the ‘identity dilemmas’ of Kaliningraders, commemorative con­flicts between different groups about the past, and strategies for the ‘invention of traditions’. However, studies into the identity of certain ...

....associazionedeicostituzionalisti.it/dottrina/fontidiritto/ pinelli.pdf (дата обращения: 07.01.2019). 5. Pound R. The Scope and Purpose of the Sociological Jurisprudence // Harvard Law Review. 1912. Vol. 25. P. 513—516. 6. Tensey S. D. Politics: The Basis. L. ; N. Y., 2002. 7. Von Bogdandy A. Parlamentarismus in Europa: eine Verfalls- oder Erfolgsge­schichte // Archiv des Öffentlichen Rechts. 2005. № 130 (3). S. 445—464. 8. Алебастрова А. И. Большинство ...

... that when a state is formed out of elements with essen­tially differ­ent institutional matrices, there becomes possible a transplan­ta­tional dysfunc­tion of institutions, which in turn can initiate a crisis, capa­ble, in case of a malfunctioning political system and disunited elites, of trig­gering a social col­lapse and (if there are interested «poles of power») the total di­sintegration of the society. The subsequent entry of its part into another social system constitutes one of the options ...

Crimes related to drug trafficking present a serious problem to modern society. Since 1986, comprehensive reforms have been carried out in the So­cialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV) in all spheres of life, including politics, economy, culture, etc., to create and develop market economy and the rule of law in the country. High crime rate poses a significant danger to the state. Drug trafficking is one of the most serious crimes in Ho Chi Minh, Hanoi and the Vietnamese ...

During the period of implementation of the policy of import substitution in Russia, the level of production of basic agricultural products is gradually approaching the rational rate of their consumption. The biggest gap in provid­ing the population with basic food remains in the production of milk. Only 71.0 % of the recommended norm of dairy produce is consumed. At the same time, in 2017, the level of self-sufficiency of Russia with this type of food was 84.0 % (against 90.0 % indicated in the Doctrine)...

... государственного университета. 2018. № 435. С. 127—134. doi: 10.17223/15617793/435/16. 7. Burns C., Gravey V., Jordan A., Zito A. De-Europeanising or disengaging? EU en­vi­ronmental policy and Brexit // Environmental Politics. 2019. Vol. 28 (2). P. 271—292. doi: 10.1080/09644016.2019.1549774. 8. Leruth B., Ganzle S., Trondal J. Differentiated Integration and Disintegration in the EU after Brexit: Risks versus Opportunities // JCMS-Journal of common market studies....

... developed strategies were based on export and / or import-substitution, proceeding from the advan­tageous geographical position in the coastal zone and the region’s proximity to economically developed countries and Russian regions. Deterioration of polit­ical relations and the weakening of socio-economic ties between Russia and the West diminished chances of implementing this type of strategy. However, the Greater Eurasia project opens up new perspectives for the Kaliningrad region. The new development ...

The article presents the results of the quantification analysis of urban ri­ots (pogroms) of 1917—1918. The objects of the study are cities of the Russian Empire (Republic) located on the territory of modern Russia. The initial data was obtained through the content analysis of published and archival sources. The authors examined more than 600 events. The results of the study are the main quantitative parameters of the rebel movement: action forms, the composition of participants, requirements, etc...

... of East Prussia, covering the time from the revolutionary events of early 1919 to the Kapp Putsch in March 1920, against the back­ground of the foreign-policy situation and inner-party struggle in the prov­ince. Particular attention is paid to the political views of A. Winnig and the reasons for cooling in their relations toward the SPD leadership. 1. Виноградов М. В. Восточнопрусский анклав в межвоенный период (1918—1939 гг.) : дис. … ...

In 1997, the Constitution of the Republic of Poland was adopted. Since then, constitutional disputes have continued in Poland. After the 2015 elec­tions, they sharpened. In addition, Polish President Andrzej Duda proposed a change to the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. This initiated a po­litical debate on constitutional matters. They are the subject of the article. Moreover, the most important current constitutional dilemmas were ana­lyzed. The cur­rent constitutional debate refers both...

... Anthropologie. 1983. Vol. 21, № 1. Р. 23—26. 22. Garritano G. Borìs Fëdorovič Poršnev, O načale čelovečeskoj istorii, Mosca, “Mysl”, 1974 // Studi Storici. 1975. Anno 16, № 2. Р. 564. 23. Heer N. W. The Non-Bolshevik Left and the Idea of Political Opposition // Windows on the Russian past. Essays on Soviet historiography since Stalin / ed. by S. H. Baron and N. W. Heer. Columbus, 1977. P. 157—170. 24. Heitz G. Der Zusammenhang zwischen den Bauernbewegungen und der Ent­wick­lung des ...

The article studies the development of Russian-language school education in independent Latvia from 1992 to 2020, as well as the process of reforming this system by official authorities. At the time of declaration of independence and withdrawal from the USSR, a bilingual education system which was formed in Latvia, made it possible to get education at all levels (from kinder­garten to technical school and university) in both Latvian and Russian lan­guages. The rise to power in the 1990s. nationalist...

The authors discuss the problem of a comprehensive legal regulation of social relations. This issue is relevant due to the active social policy pursued by the state. This policy aims to develop social institutions and improve the quality of life of Russian citizens. The authors studied the state and coherence of social legislation in Russia and abroad. The correlation and regulatory fea­tures of different legal systems are analysed. Special attention was paid to the level of systematization of social...

The number of federal states in the modern world is extremely small. The Federal Republic of Germany is the largest and most famous federation in Eu­rope. However, German democracy and German federalism are often perceived as externally imposed political values as a result of the country's defeat in World War II. Such an attitude needs revising. Of course, Germany did not have the same deep tradition of parliamentarism as France or Great Britain, or federalism like the United States of America,...

Preparation for the World War I at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries challenged various national financial systems. The German Empire faced this challenge, so its finances bad to be regularly strengthened in order to cover all the mass military needs. After O. v. Bismarck’s resignation, the positions of the chancellor were held by politicians who did not have any background in economics and finance: L. v. Caprivi, H. Hohenlohe-Schillingsfuerst. The problem was passed then to new Head of the German...

... Потери организаций от киберпреступности. URL: http://www.tadviser.ru/index.php/ (дата обращения: 02.09.2019). 18. Hanifan L. J. The Rural School Community Centre // Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Sciences. 1916. Vol. 67. Р. 130—138. 19. Lappé M., Du Bois Р. М. Building Social Capital without Looking Backward // National Civic Review. 1997. Vol. 86. Р. 119—128. 20. Likert R. The Human Organization. N. Y., 1967. 21....

The article discusses developing pre-revolutionary national academic schools which studied of the history of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. In the 18th — the first half of the 19th century the history of Lithuania was per­ceived by Russian scholars as “alien” and did not receive much interest. The situation changed after the “January Insurrection” (1863—1864): the atten­tion of politicians to Lithuanian history predetermined the establishment of pre-revolutionary lithuanistic research centers at the...

... the minutes of the meetings of the Kaliningrad branch of the Writers' Union, the editorial councils of the Kaliningrad book publishing house and reviews of writers on several versions of the manuscript, the mechanism of using fiction as a tool for the politics of memory is revealed. Comparison of several versions of the manuscript with each other, as well as with the published text of the work, made it possible to reconstruct the original concept of the novel and its changes in the course of editorial ...

... Nation in Civil War Virginia. Chapel Hill, 2008. 3. Paludan P. S. War and Home: The Civil War Encounter. Milwaukee, 1997. 4. Taylor A. M. The Divided Family in the Civil War America. Chapel Hill, 2005. 5. McCurry S. Women Numerous and Armed: Gender and Politics of Subsistence in the Civil War South // Wars Within a War: Controversy and Conflict over the American Civil War / ed. by G. W. Gallagher. Chapel Hill, 2009. P. 1—62. 6. Walker H. Power, Sex, and Gender Roles: The Transformation of an Alabama ...

... universi­ties? University World News. 26 September 2020. URL: https://www.universityworld news.com/post.php?story=20200921112203767 (дата обращения: 17.10.2020). 18. Diesen G. The Geoeconomics of Russia’s Greater Eurasia Initiative // Asian Politics & Policy. 2019. № 11 (4). P. 566—585. doi: 10.1111/aspp.12497. 19. Entin M., Entina E. The new role of Russia in the Greater Eurasia // Strategic Analysis. 2016. № 40 (6). P. 590—603. doi: 10.1080/09700161.2016.1224060. 20. Lewis D. G....

The article analyzes the role of a group of factors related to the determination of Lithuanian, Latvian and Estonian position in relation to each other, as well as to the international processes of European politics of the historical period of 1991–2014 in the formation of their foreign policy. The author establishes that the factor of European integration started to determine the policy of Baltic states towards their neighbours yet in times of their preparartion ...

The review examines a new edition of the book “Sawinkow” by a Polish researcher A. S. Kowalczyk which is devoted to a famous politician and terrorist B. V. Savinkov. It coincides with the anniversary of the Russian Revolution and the fact that one of the streets in Warsaw was named after Boris Savinkov. The book is structured chronologically and covers the entire life of Boris Savinkov. Despite the fact that the information in it is mostly correct, there is a number of inappropriate simplifications...

In analysing Pitirm Sorokin’s The Sociology of Revolution, future so­ciologists and political scientists assimilate revolutionary processes in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century and try to establish reasons and factors behind social shocks. Students seek to juxtapose the consideration of evolu­tionary changes with cardinal ...

The review analyzes the academic monograph which examines a wide range of issues in constitutional and political history of Britain in the years 1832—1835. The reviewed book is characterized by the conceptual innovation, a sound historiographical background, thoroughness and a variety of theoretical and methodological features. 1. Аракелян Г....

The resort tax is supposed to become a development instrument for the tourist infrastructure. The main idea of the article is to prove that this assumption doesn’t agree either with the experiences of foreign countries or the Russian actual situation. The idea is implemented through the analysis of legislative base of the resort tax implementation, indicators of budgetary performance of tourist taxes abroad as well as the analysis of the current situation and forthcoming changes on the Russian touristic...

... S. 563—578. 11. Domke R. Migracje ludności na ziemiach Odzyskanych w latach 1945—1948 // Rocznik Lubuski. 2009. Т. 35, № 1. S. 149—158. 12. Dziennik Urzędowy Państwowego Urzędu Repatriacyjnego. War­szawa, 1947—1948. 13. Eberhardt P. Political migrations on Polish territories (1939—1950). Warszawa, 2011. 14. Historia Polski w liczbach. Warszawa, 2003. T. 1. 15. Jasiński J. Czy powinniśmy odcinać się od pojęcia Ziemie Odzyskane? // Ec­ha Przeszłości. 2004. № 5. S. 315—320....

... Economic Issues. 2007. № 41 (2). P. 391—398. 16. Butler J. E., Hansen G. S. Network evolution, entrepreneurial success, and regional development // Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. 1991. № 3 (1). P. 1—16. 17. Caramani D. Comparative Politics. Oxford University Press, 2017. P. 605. 18. Carayannis E. G., Campbell D. F. J. ‘Mode 3’ and ‘quadruple helix’: toward a 21st century fractal innovation ecosystem // Int. J. of Technology Management. 2009. № 46 (3—4). P. 201—234....

The author analyses the process of the formation of Lithuania’s territory during the Soviet period of its history. Facts and factors influencing decisions on the territorial issues of Lithuanian statehood are considered through the prism of relations between the Soviet republics and the central authorities of the USSR. The economic development of Soviet Lithuania was a decisive fac­tor in the republic’s territorial organization and management. By accepting the existing borders in the post-Soviet...

... Prussia and describe current Russian and international historiography of the 1813—1814 Foreign Campaign of the Russian Army and of the Russian-Prussian alliance against Napoleonic France. We conclude that East Prussia played a central role in the political, military, and diplomatic struggle between France andкяч Russia. 1. Внешняя политика России XIX и начала XX века. Сер. 1. Т. 4. М., 1965. 2. Внешняя политика России XIX и начала ...

... and continued to support the dominance policy pursued by their main ally, the US, towards other countries. The article identifies the reasons for the deterioration of relations between Russia and Western countries, which influenced the development of political processes in the world recently. 1. Бжезинский З. Б. Идея сдерживания превратилась в догму // Россия в гло­бальной политике. 2008. № 1. 2. В Китае объяснили ...

... authors point to one of the typical conceptual errors in elucidating the content of this category, admitted by some legal theorists: the essence of the “form of government of the presidential republic” concept is interpreted with descriptors of a political state regime. 1. Конституция Республики Казахстан (принята на республиканском референдуме 30 августа 1995 г.) // Ведом. Парламента Респ. Казахстан....

... analysis and deci­sion-making theory. A modern approach to the study of an institutional pro­ject and an invest­ment project as complex systems under uncertainty condi­tions has been used. Their comprehensive assessment is considered in many aspects: political, economic, social, military-strategic and generalizing institu­tional. 1. Итоговый доклад о результатах работы Экспертной группы (№ 18) «Ре­фор­ма естественных монополий»....

... rarity, marketing quasirent) that promotes rent-seeking behavior. In the second sector (services of the institutions of culture and art, art-object markets) rent-focused behavior is possible (capital rent, tourist rent, status rent, administrative rent). Political quasirent is the object of rent-seeking and rent-oriented behavior. 1. Автономов Ю. В. Взгляд на искусство через призму экономической теории. Спрос на рынке изобразительного ...

This study aims to explore the relationship between credit institutions and the Bank of Russia in implementing the national monetary policy. Anoth­er aim is to iden­tify the goals and objectives of the national monetary policy, as well as the means and ways to attain them. The methodology relies on both general scien­tific principles (the ontological principle, the unity of the histori­cal and the logical, the formal legal and comparative legal approaches) and domain-specific approaches. This research...

... Russian journals, the emphasis was laid on creating a positive image of some social strata of French society. The author identifies the reasons for this phenomenon. The image of a ‘good Frenchman’ reveals the attitude of Russian press towards acute political and social issues of the time. 1. Бальзак О. де. Избранное / пер. с фр. Р. Резник. М., 1985. 2. Барсуков Н. Жизнь и труды М. П. Погодина : в 22 т. СПб., 1889. Т. 2. 3. Вестник ...

... the Kaliningrad Regional Museum of History and Art. Analysis of exhibition boards dedicated to the past of the region reveals the po­litical and ideological context in which local museums developed. Moreover, it renders it possible to describe the politics of memory pursued by the local au­thorities and trace changes that took place in the regional historical con­sciousness from the first post-war years until Perestroika. 1. Архив Калининградского областного историко-художественного ...

....ru/processing/krym-i-kaliningradstolknulis-s-defitsitom-edy-iz-.html (дата обращения: 09.11.2017). 8. Медведев предложит Путину продлить контрсанкции еще на год. 29 июня 2017. URL: https://news.mail.ru/politics/30229012/?frommail=1 (дата обращения: 17.11.2017). 9. Никифорова И. В. Обеспечение развития региональной экономической системы на основе продовольственной ...

... of some candidates, there were difficulties during the issuing of voter certificates; voters were not informed of the election day, polling stations were located extremely inconveniently, and so on. On the other hand, the government supported loyal political forces, providing them with financial support and creating 'their own' party blocs. The Novgorod and Pskov deputies elected to the Third State Duma proved to be much more moderate than their predecessors were. The same situation occurred at ...

The article examines the main approaches to the study of nationalism. The author describes characteristic features of conceptual trends, reveals their strengths and weaknesses. The article shows that in political science there is no single self-sufficient theory that could become an instrument for studying various manifestations of nationalism. 1. Абдулатипов Р. Г. Российская нация. Этнонациональная и гражданская ...

The present study is devoted to the interpretation of secularity of the state and the widespread atheist politics in modern society. The author analyses the genesis of the concept, its evolution, and the main features of a secular state. The interdisciplinary approach is used for a deeper understanding of the problem. The author concludes that there is a ...

Analyzing the military and political consequences of the Great War it is essential to study the process of decision-making. Along with objective factors, various subjective factors were also important. Later subjective factors turned to be hidden from the researcher’s eye, being ...

The article shows the development of political practices of the regional government bodies in the field of protecting the rights of citizens to the freedom of conscience and the freedom of religion. The author analyses the principles of regulating the activity of religious organizations,...

The article describes the process of forming the political image of Russia in socio-political media through semiotic inversions. It is claimed that in the modern media discourse, the political image is based on the pre-established ‘rules of the game’. The author holds that historical facts are often ...

... requirements. The author describes the degree to which these changes contribute to the elimination of the budget deficit. The conducted research shows that the new procedure was supplemented with additional sanctions. However, their introduction depends on the political will of EU member-states. The sanctions can potentially inflict additional damage on the financial situation in the EU states having budget deficit. 1. Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union: consolidated version 2016 // Official Journal ...

... factors and the region’s cultural and historical potential. Another focus is the present status of tourism infrastructure and availability of human resources in the tourism industry. Special attention is paid to the influence of present economic and political conditions on the development of international tourism. It is concluded that there is a need for a further study of the influence of regional features on international tourism development. 1. Об утверждении Концепции ...

The article analyzes the tactics of the German government towards political parties in the early twentieth century. The central figure is Chancellor Bernhard von Bülow. The purpose of this article is to analyze the creation and functioning of the Bulow blocand the reasons for its demise. 1. Nipperdey T. Deutsche ...

This article examines fundamental and applied approaches to energy security. The authors explore differences and similarities in the views of scientists and politicians on the issue and analyse energy security policies pursued in Poland and Russia (the Kaliningrad region). On this basis, the authors propose rational principles for solving the problem of energy security in the region. 1. Ергин Д. Добыча: Всемирная история борьбы за нефть, деньги и власть. М., 2011. 2. Косов Ю. В., Маллон В. Глобальная...

This article focuses on the characteristics of demographic development of the Kaliningrad region during the reform, crisis, and collapse of the Soviet administrative and political system. Priority attention is given to changes in the population reproduction model. It is concluded that the main trends in the regional population development were similar to the national ones, at the same time retaining the regional age. ...