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In this article, we consider the historical aspects of the 1807—1813 situation in East Prussia and describe current Russian and international historiography of the 1813—1814 Foreign Campaign of the Russian Army and of the Russian-Prussian alliance against Napoleonic France. We conclude that East Prussia played a central role in the political, military, and diplomatic struggle between France andкяч Russia. 1. Внешняя политика России XIX и начала XX века. Сер. 1. Т. 4. М., 1965. 2. Внешняя политика...

The article focuses on different approaches to the definition of the legal state nature that has existed over time. The research is aimed at identifying the modern frames of the legal state that functions as a necessary counterbalance to the state monopoly on power and governance. The cope of research methodology is very wide, including the dialectic method of cognition, the methods of analysis and synthesis, and formally logical, historical legal and comparative legal methods. The result of the...

The review analyzes the academic monograph which examines a wide range of issues in constitutional and political history of Britain in the years 1832—1835. The reviewed book is characterized by the conceptual innovation, a sound historiographical background, thoroughness and a variety of theoretical and methodological features. 1. Аракелян Г. С. Государственная и общественно-политическая деятельность Эдварда Дерби : дис. ... канд. ист. наук. Калининград, 2018. 2. Клочков В. В. Кризис партии тори...

The article is a critical review of the PhD student V. Rubashkin’s research work. There are numerous factual, thematic and logical mistakes which affect the content of his research work. Special attention is paid to the necessity of a wider use of historical documents. 1. Бирковский В. Г. и др. История края (1945—1950) : учеб. пособие. Калининград, 1984. С. 43—51. 2. Восточная Пруссия. С древнейших времен до конца Второй мировой войны : Ист. очерки. Документы. Материалы. Калининград, 1996. С. 440—450...

Based on the materials of the Sovetskaya Klaipeda newspaper, this article explores manifestations of the politics of memory pursued in Klaipėda and the whole West Lithuania region during the second half of the 1940s—the first half of the 1950s. The author identifies the main institutions responsible for creating a specific image of the past in Lithuanian society during late Stalinism. Based on newspaper articles, the author demonstrates the coexistence of various figures of memory, which were earlier...

The article deals with the development of the Canadian military industry in 1939-1945. The effectiveness, organisation and scale of production of aircraft, ships, armored vehicles, artillery and small arms are analyzed. The author reveals the influence of geographic, economic, home and foreign policy factors on the type of weapons produced and the volume of their production. Using official Canadian documents and statistical publications, the author concludes that the military-industrial complex of...

The article describes the process of forming the political image of Russia in socio-political media through semiotic inversions. It is claimed that in the modern media discourse, the political image is based on the pre-established ‘rules of the game’. The author holds that historical facts are often replaced by false models of reality in the modern mass media discourse. 1. Люббе Г. Историческая идентичность // Вопросы философии. 1994. № 4. С. 108—113. 2. Концепция внешней политики Российской Федерации...

Today, the world tourism market is dynamic and rapidly developing area of the world economy. International inbound tourism has a positive impact on the national and regional economies of recipient countries thus it is necessary to develop this sector in the countries and regions that have a potential to attract foreign tourists. The purpose of this article is to estimate the competitiveness of the Irkutsk region on the world tourism market based on an analysis of various factors. In particular, the...

This article considers and offers an overview of Semyon Frank’s sociophilosophical and historiosophical ideas. Special attention is paid to the philosopher’s perception of contemporary history as being fraught with catastrophes and tragedies. It is demonstrated why Frank claimed that the true history of philosophy was that interpreting the concrete expression of supra-temporal unity of human spiritual life as the only meaning of history. The author describes the methodological consequences of this...

This article analyses Nikolai Ustryalov’s concept of “Russian Lithuania,” which presents the history of medieval Lithuanian as part of the Russian past. The author examines the career of S. S. Uvarov – Minister of National Enlightenment in the 1830 – 1840s, as well as other factors behind the official narrative about the “Russian character” of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The paper stresses the significance of Ustryalov’s concepts in the Russian historiography in the first half of 19th century....

This article focuses on the problem of the nature of gmina courts in the Kingdom of Poland, which is of fundamental significance for identifying their role in the judicial system of the Russian Empire. Based on an analysis of historical and legal facts and documents, it is concluded that, from the 15th through the 19th centuries, the nature gmina courts gradually evolved from social (as part of the emerging local governments) to public (resulting from the royal prerogative 1. Об административном...

This article analyses the influence of the Varennes crisis on the balance of political forces in the National Constituent Assembly and Le Chapelier’s and other constitutionalists’ opposition to the radicals in the Assembly and in the streets in order to strengthen the position of the king and constitutional mon¬archy. 1. Блуменау С. Ф. «Ненасильственный» вариант развития французской революции // Вестник Брянского государственного университета. Сер. История. Литературоведение. Право. Языкознание...

This article stresses that the reconciliation of the parties in criminal proceedings with the participation of a mediator is an important mechanism of the institution of restorative justice. The author considers the forensic aspects of using mediation procedures, classifies subjects of mediation, and describes the role of the situational approach. Special attention is paid to the tactical aspects of these procedures and the classifications of mediation situations. 1. Анишина В. И., Артемов В. Ю...

This article describes the major issues in studying the gender aspects of the First World War in modern historiography. Major topics of studies include women on the battlefield and on the home front, gender-specific propa¬ganda, and the crisis of masculinity. The author argues that the explanation of history of societies during and after WWI is incomplete without taking into account the gender aspects. 1. Асташов А. Б. Русский фронт в 1914 — начале 1917 года: военный опыт и современность. М., 2014...

The paper analyzes the influence of modernization on social processes of different European states. On the example of desertion of the Central Power’s soldiers to Russia one comes to conclusion that changes in the manning system of European armies during the 19th century were one of the most important components of traditional society’s transformation and a vital source of new social practices. 1. Вербловский Г. О взаимной выдаче преступниковъ и дезертировъ // Юридический вестник. 1868. № 7. С....

This article analyses the cycle War (Krieg) by the German painter Käthe Kollwitz as a testimony of the First World War. The author argues that the testimony of the painter has been underestimated. Current gender studies make it possible to interpret K. Kollwitz’s works as a historical source for reconstructing the memory of the war. 1. Bohnke-Kollwitz J. Käthe Kollwitz. Die Tagebücher 1908—1943. München, 2007. 2. Comini A. Gender or Genius? The Women Artists of German Expressionism // Feminism...

Almost all recent historical and literary studies agree that the Livonian Chronicle conveys an impression of a poetical work containing archaic elements. The affinity between the Chronicle and German heroic epic poetry is often stressed. The established perspective, which distorts the image of the Chronicle, requires adjustment. This literary study into the Chronicle’s text complements research on the development of corporate identity in the Teutonic Order. 1. Arnold U. De primordiis ordinis Theutonici...

This paper analyses the historiosophical views of François Guizot (1787—1874) based on his works from the period of the First Empire (1804— 1814). The established chronological framework makes it possible to identify the foundations of the great thinker’s historical theory — foundations cleansed of the political influence of the Bourbon Restoration (1814—1830) and the July Monarchy (1830-1848), where Guizot was an activist of the liberal opposition and later became one of the leaders of the French...

The article gives an overview of German fine arts of the late 1930s as exemplified by the murals painted by a professor of the Königsberg Academy of Arts Eduard Bischoff in the East Prussian town of Insterburg. The themese of monumental paintings created a national socialism are considered in the context of the neo-classical style of the architectural style of adjacent buildings. Special attention is paid to describing and interpreting the compositions of the painting found in the Insterburg Stadthalle...

The article considers the critique of the works of historian Stefan Kieniewicz by modern Polish researchers. The author analyses his role in the Polish historical science. Special attention is paid to the reasons behind Kieniewicz’s turn to Marxism after the Second World War. The author gives examples of differences in the persepctive of historiographers on the historian’s methodological views and the degree to which they were influenced by Marxism. S. Kieniewicz’s characteristic of his own theoretical...

1. Дмитриев И. С. Упрямый Галилей. М., 2015. 2. Лисович И. И. Скальпель разума и крылья воображения: Научные дискурсы в английской культуре раннего Нового времени. М., 2015. 3. Рикёр П. Память, история, забвение. М., 2004. 4. Уваров П. Ю. Но тут все и кончилось… Россия в роли «великой историографической державы» // Национальная гуманитарная наука в мировом контексте: опыт России и Польши. М., 2010.

The article deals with the phenomenon of idealism in 18th century European science. The author focuses on the methods and images of constructing a philosophical model that Kant borrowed from his predecessors. The status of existence of the external world in the space of Berkeley’s philosophy and its influence on Kant’s system are analysed as one of the key issues of idealism. The author seeks to familiarize the reader with the contentious issues relating to the problem of identity of Berkeley’s and...

This article considers the role of the Baltic republics as partners of the State of Israel in the international arena in A. Lieberman’s period in office as head of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The main areas of cooperation in economy and politics, as well as historical features of intergovernmental contacts are analysed. The author stresses the considerable potential of intergovernmental projects given the major differences are overcome, which include the issues of the restitution of Jewish property...

Studies published as early as the 19th century, prewar guidebooks, postcards, books of model projects, and archive materials serve as the sources of information about the architectural and urban development of the resort of Cranz. The collection of cadastral plans and maps of 1844—1943 settlements held in the Secret Archive of Prussian heritage in Berlin remains virtually unstudied. A project used in the construction of the wooden music pavilion in the park Plantage in Cranz was found in a textbook...

The article considers the connection between ethics, in particular Kant’s practical philosophy, and economics. The author examines historical reasons for Kant’s ethic not to have become part of the economic discourse and interprets modern business processes from Kant’s perspective. The article aims to demonstrate the possibilities of applying the philosophical instruments of Kant’s morals to concrete economic issues. 1. Автономов В. С. Абстракция — мать порядка? (историко-методологические рассуждения...

This article analyses the historical prerequisites for the development of the legal framework for local self-governance in the last years of the USSR and RSFSR and the first years of the Russian Federation, as well as its role in the political system and the social life of modern Russia. The author identifies the key contradictions in power relations between public and local authorities. 1. Конституция Рос. Федерации [Электронный ресурс]. Доступ из справ.- правовой системы «КонсультантПлюс» (дата...

This article considers the events of the 1930—1940s in the Baltics. The authors analyse changes in the political systems and international priorities of the ruling elites of Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia. The influence of domestic factors on solving the problem of independence preservation in the conditions of world war is identified. 1. Anušauskas A. Teroras ir nusikaltimai žmoniškumui. Pirmoji sovietinė okupacija. Terror and Crimes against Humanity. The First Soviet Occupation. Vilnius, 2006...

This article focuses on the key aspects of the rhetorical approach developed by Christopher Tindale and emphasizes its significance for modern theory of argumentation. The article examines the historical background of the rhetorical turn and its relation to informal logic and pragma-dialectics. The author argues that it is justified to consider different approaches to argumentation as complementary. 1. Blair J. A. Tindale’s Acts of arguing: A rhetorical model of argument // Informal Logic. 2000...

This article explores the parallels between the Lithuanian movements for national independence in 1917—1920 and 1988—1991 as analyzed in the Anglo-American historiography of the first half of the 1990s. Such scholars as A. Lieven and other authors characterize some main similarities and differences between those movements. These scholars emphasize the ambiguity of the Soviet experience, as well as the internal conflicts within the Lithuanian political elite and demonstrate the productivity of the...

Historically, the magistrates’ court — being a public institute in its nature — has co-existed with community (communal) authorities, including judiciary institutions. As a result, under certain conditions, community courts are subject to the magistrates’ court or even included in its structure, absorbed by it. This article investigates the background and course of this process in the history of the Russian Empire of the 19th/early 20th centuries. The author explains how volost courts gradually became...

The development of the tourism industry in the Kaliningrad region is identified as one of the priority areas of economic development. The existing tourism and recreational potential, favorable climatic conditions, and a large number of cultural and historical sites should contribute to the effective development of the region. The cluster approach should become a catalyst for the development of tourism and hospitality industry, which makes it possible to employ a comprehensive approach to the territorial...

Certain historical facts relating to the history of discussions on the nature of analytic and synthetic propositions in logic are used to demonstrates that the interpretation of their states largely depend on the accepted image of logic. 1. Брюшинкин В. Н., Ходикова Н. А. Теория поиска вывода. Происхождение и философские приложения. Калининград, 2012. 2. Грифцова И. Н. Логика как теоретическая и практическая дисциплина.К вопросу о соотношении формальной и неформальной логики. М., 1998. 3. Драгалина-Черная...

This article is dedicated to the historiosophic concept of G. P. Fedotov and considers the content of the concept of culture and analyses its general philosophical and author’s typology. 1. Федотов Г. П. Св. Дух в природе и культуре// Путь. Париж. 1932. № 35. 2. Федотов Г. П. Завтрашний день (письма о русской культуре) // Судьба и грехи России. Избранные статьи по философии русской истории и культуры : в 2 т. СПб., 1992. Т. 2. 3. Федотов Г. П. Создание элиты (письма о русской культуре) // Там же...

This article considers the influence of globalisation processes on the development of the crisis of historical and ethnocultural identity and describes the factors affecting the ethnocultural identity transformation. The author analyses how globalisation results in both the blurring of ethnocultural identity and the intensification of regionalisation processes. 1. Андрейчук Н. В., Гаврилина Л. М. Феномен калининградской региональной субкультуры (социально-философский и культурологический анализ)...

This article examines transformation of the social administrative resources through different historical periods. The author suggests criteria for analyzing evolution of scientific views on public administration: sociological time and the volume of the social ties. On the basis of these criteria, the author identifies the stages of cardinal changes in public administration. The optimum administrative model is suggested for each of these stages. The article emphasizes the dependence of the changes...

Рассмотрена природа возникновения мировых кризисов биржевых финансово-кредитных систем, которые возникают как сложившиеся экономические закономерности. Только поняв природу зарождения данных систем, можно моделировать и прогнозировать денежно-кредитные процессы в динамике и оценить возможность преодоления кризисов. Исторически сложилось так, что основное влияние на мировую биржевую деятельность оказывает динамика кредитно-валютной системы США. Поэтому поэтапное исследование природы ее развития и...

... университета. Калининград, 1995. С. 78—84. 3. Bayer G. S. Das Leben Simonis Dachii eines Preußischen Poeten // Erleutertes Preußen Oder Auserlesene Anmerckungen über verschiedene, zur Preußischen Kirchen = Civil- und gelehrten = historie gehörige besondere Dinge… / Hrsg. von Einigen Liebhabern der Geschichte des Vaterlandes. Königsberg, 1723. 3 St. S. 159—195. 4. Dach S. Gedichte / Hrsg. von W. Ziesemer : 4 Bd. Halle, 1936—1938 (Schriften der Königsberger Gelehrten ...

Berdayev’s works The New Middle Ages, The Meaning of History, The Crisis of Art help reveal the essence of the eschatological consciousness of the 20th century. The principal feature of New Middle Ages in European culture is proved to be the polarization of consciousness, which is most vividly manifested, according to Berdyaev, in the structure of Russian soul (the apocalyptic and nihilistic type), as well as the divergent trends of contemporary art (synthetism and analytism). 1. Бердяев Н. А. Духи...

This article considers the possibility of the use of Polish concentration camp prose as a primary source. Its features are analysed on the basis of its genre and subject characteristics. The works of a prominent representative of this literary trend help demonstrate the potential of concentration camp short stories as primary sources. 1. Боровский Т. Прощание с Марией. URL: http://www.belousenko.com/books/ foreign/borowski_maria.htm 2. Блок М. Апология истории. М., 1973. 3. Гумилёв Л. Н. Может ли...

This article presents a historiographical review of the restoration of Lithuanian independence in the 1980s-early 1990s and the establishment of Lithuania-Russian interstate relations in the early post-Soviet years. The topic of the article serves as a context for the analysis of the sources and general trends characteristic of Russian and foreign historians. 1. Бразаускас А. Пять лет президента. События, воспоминания, мысли. М., 2002. 2. Бусыгина И. Россия и страны Балтии: формирование новых взаимоотношений...

....pdf (дата обращения: 10.04.2012). 7. The Cambridge History of Later Medieval Philosophy. From the Rediscovery of Aristotle to the Disintegration of scholasticism 1100—1600 / ed. by N. Kretzmann [et al.]. Cambridge, 1997. URL: http://histories.cambridge.org/collection?id=set_cambridge_history_later_medieval_philosophy (дата обращения: 10.04.2012). 8. William of Sherwood. Introductiones in Logicam. Humburg, 1995. 9. Зубов В. П. Н. Орем «О соизмеримости ...

This paper considers the cultural, political, and historical problems of the development of European identity in the discourse of Europe. The author addresses the question as to whether European identity is a category of political discourse or a real instrument of European integration and comes to a conclusion that the concepts of European identity are stuck in a methodological trap. And the EU institutional design does not inspire confidence among the residents of united Europe. The question as...

This article is devoted to the important issue of development of parliamentarianism in post-authoritarian countries through the case of Poland. Having passed several stages of constitutional changes and political crises caused by the situation of political infighting, the Polish political system has reached sustainability, which ensures its effective functioning. 1. Керимов А. Д. Понимание парламентаризма и перспективы его развития в России // Гражданин и право. 2002. № 7/8. С. 25—33. 2....

This article considers the history of one quotation from Winston Churchill’s article on the Gumbinnen battle (1914). The context of this reference is reconstructed on the basis of author’s correspondence with the American historian Richard M. Langworth. 1.  Касимов О . Необходимое предисловие // Такман Б. Первый блицкриг. Август 1914. М.; СПб., 1999. 2.  Кретинин Г.   В . Август четырнадцатого // Очерки истории Восточной Пруссии / Г. В. Кретинин, В. Н. Брюшинкин, В. И. Гальцов и др. Калининград...

1.  Матузова В.   И. Средневековый Немецкий орден в современной междуна­родной историографии // Древнейшие государства Восточной Европы. 2002. М., 2004. С. 296—310. 2.  Gonczarow W.   W., Ma t uzowa W.   I. Badania nad za k onem krzyż a ckim w historiografii rosyjskiej (1995—2005) // Zapiski historyczne. 2006. T. 71. Z. 4. S. 114. 3.  Богдан А. Тевтонские рыцари / пер. А.   И. Вишневского. СПб., 2008.