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... traditions’. However, studies into the identity of certain groups of local res­idents (the Polish diaspora or Catholics) cast doubt on the very validity of the question about the identity of Kaliningraders. The experience of Polish schol­ars shows that the interpretation of the past and present of the Kaliningrad region in a multicultural perspective is a viable research area. 1. Жуковский А., Котович В. Калининградская область в польских исследо­ваниях ...

In this article, I provide an overview of the history of investigation programming and analyse the shortcomings of the algorithm method. Apparently, these shortcomings can be overcome by forensic thinking. I provide my own interpretation of forensic thinking structure and avenues to study this phenomenon. The methods to explore forensic thinking include forensic, philosophical, neurophysiological, and psychological approaches and the study of thinking through the prism ...

The article justifies the need to clarify the true content of such a fundamental legal category as the “form of government”, since, so far, neither scientifically nor at the practical level, there hasn’t been given any unambiguous interpretation. The authors point to one of the typical conceptual errors in elucidating the content of this category, admitted by some legal theorists: the essence of the “form of government of the presidential republic” concept is interpreted with ...

... identify patterns of investment activity in the Kaliningrad SEZ and assess the impact of the zonal fiscal mechanism. The authors use a variety of methods — the method of dynamic analysis, the modelling method, the comparative analysis and graphical interpretation of statistical data. The authors describe the cyclic character of investment activity in the Kaliningrad SEZ and identify possible causes of them. The authors propose formal models for analyzing the dynamics of investments within the SEZ....

... analysis and formal legal method as well as functional and structural analysis reviews different types of interaction between IFL and the EU legal order. Although international agreements form an integral part of the EU legal order, the rules of their interpretation differ from the primary and secondary EU legislation. The reverse influence of the EU law is carried out by EU institutions and Member States by participating in inter-governmental organizations and other international bodies which work ...

The present study is devoted to the interpretation of secularity of the state and the widespread atheist politics in modern society. The author analyses the genesis of the concept, its evolution, and the main features of a secular state. The interdisciplinary approach is used for a deeper ...

... sociophilosophical and historiosophical ideas. Special attention is paid to the philosopher’s perception of contemporary history as being fraught with catastrophes and tragedies. It is demonstrated why Frank claimed that the true history of philosophy was that interpreting the concrete expression of supra-temporal unity of human spiritual life as the only meaning of history. The author describes the methodological consequences of this assumption. 1. Франк С. Л. Духовные основы общества....

The article considers N. O. Lossky’s methodology for interpreting the Russian national character. It is noted that N. O. Lossky identified and analyzed stable sociocultural images and their variants. Fiction, philosophical essays, and epistolary heritage are used as sources for the study. 1. Ильин ...

This article analyses the cycle War (Krieg) by the German painter Käthe Kollwitz as a testimony of the First World War. The author argues that the testimony of the painter has been underestimated. Current gender studies make it possible to interpret K. Kollwitz’s works as a historical source for reconstructing the memory of the war. 1. Bohnke-Kollwitz J. Käthe Kollwitz. Die Tagebücher 1908—1943. München, 2007. 2. Comini A. Gender or Genius? The Women Artists of German Expressionism ...

This article discusses the ontological and epistemological aspects of the interpretation of time in N. O. Lossky’s ideal realism. It is stressed that time is a form of events initiated by substantial actors in the process of world creation. The author analyses the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of time. The ...

... system of social interactions. Symbolical interactionism is examined as a methodological framework for studying administrative practices. The key notion of the concept of symbolical interactionism — “a symbol in the course of interaction” – is interpreted as a wide range of meanings including, alongside linguistic structures, determinants in the form of cultural, organizational and group factors. The efficiency of management process is associated with concurrence of the personified blocks of ...

Almost all recent historical and literary studies agree that the Livonian Chronicle conveys an impression of a poetical work containing archaic elements. The affinity between the Chronicle and German heroic epic poetry is often stressed. The established perspective, which distorts the image of the Chronicle, requires adjustment. This literary study into the Chronicle’s text complements research on the development of corporate identity in the Teutonic Order. 1. Arnold U. De primordiis ordinis Theutonici...

The article deals with the problem of identity construction and the issues of interpreting the nature of identity. Through examining judgements of identification, the authors study the discursive nature of identity. The possibilities and limits of identity construction are analysed in the case of national identity. 1. Бергер ...

This article addresses the interpretation of social entrepreneurship in the Russian legislation, as well as the introduction of various forms of social entrepreneurship in the Kaliningrad region. The author analyses the cases of social entrepreneurship development in the Kaliningrad ...

This article analyses Fedor Stepun’s idea of social Christianity. The au¬thor identifies the axiological context of the Baden School of Neo-Kantian thought in Stepun’s interpretation of Christian God. The significance of Christian politics in the philosopher’s assessment of socio-political processes is stressed. 1. Степун Ф. А. Борьба либеральной и тоталитарной демократии ...

The article considers the connection between ethics, in particular Kant’s practical philosophy, and economics. The author examines historical reasons for Kant’s ethic not to have become part of the economic discourse and interprets modern business processes from Kant’s perspective. The article aims to demonstrate the possibilities of applying the philosophical instruments of Kant’s morals to concrete economic issues. 1. Автономов В. С. Абстракция ...

This article analyses Berlin’s negative and positive interpretations of freedom and idea of value pluralism. It is concluded that pluralism of values and liberals’ negative freedom results in the problem of relativism and ‘Hobbes/Berlin dilemma’ — the dilemma between individual and collective reasons....

The article deals with the phenomenon of idealism in 18th century European science. The author focuses on the methods and images of constructing a philosophical model that Kant borrowed from his predecessors. The status of existence of the external world in the space of Berkeley’s philosophy and its influence on Kant’s system are analysed as one of the key issues of idealism. The author seeks to familiarize the reader with the contentious issues relating to the problem of identity of Berkeley’s and...

... East Prussian town of Insterburg. The themese of monumental paintings created a national socialism are considered in the context of the neo-classical style of the architectural style of adjacent buildings. Special attention is paid to describing and interpreting the compositions of the painting found in the Insterburg Stadthalle. 1. Baren O. van. Der Zorn Friedrichs des Grossen über Ostpreussen // Altpreussische Monatsschrift / hrsg. von R. Reicke und E. Wichert. Königsberg, 1885. Bd. 22. 2. ...

This article analyses the understanding of feeling and faith in the late work of F. H. Jacobi Vorrede, zugleich Einleitung in des Verfassers sämtliche philosophisch Schriften. The author emphasises the similarity between the interpretation of faith in F. H. Jacobi’s work and the understanding and definition of faith given by Paul the Apostle in the Epistle to the Hebrews, chapter 11. Feeling, as understood by F. H. Jacobi, is a presupposition of perception of another person ...

... Compact and the European Constitutions: ‘Europe Speaking Ger-man’ // European Constitutional Law Review. 2012. Vol. 8, Iss. 1. P. 1—7. 7. The Fiscal Compact: Europe's Not Always Able to Speak German: On the Dutch Implementing Act and the Hazardous Interpretation of the Implementation Duty in Article 3(2) Fiscal Compact // European Constitutional Law Review. 2013. Vol. 9, Iss. 3. P. 480—500. 8. Poptcheva E.-M. German Constitutional Court decisions on EU anti-crisis measures. URL: http://www.europarl....

... /сост. М. Л. Шенли, К. Пейтмен. М., 2005. 15. Feminist History of Philosophy / Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. URL:http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/feminism-femhist/ (дата обращения: 17.03.2014). 16. Feminist Interpretations of Immanuel Kant: Rereading the Canon Series / ed. by R. M. Schott. Robin University Park, 1997. 17. Fukuyama F. Women and the Evolution of World Politics // Foreign affairs.1998. № 5. 18. Millett K. Sexual Politics. N. Y., 1970....

This article discusses the interpretation of legal norms by courts, which consist primarily in understanding the law. The interpretation of the law is often conducted alongside the interpretation of the statute, which requires serious professional and academic training, especially,...

This paper explores the influence of the development processes taking place in the Russian Empire on the Baltic Fleet. Five periods of the Baltic Fleet development are identified. The Fleet is interpreted as a significant element of the state mechanism for defending national interests in peace and wartime. 1. Горшков С. Г. Морская мощь государства. М., 1976. 2. История отечественного судостроения ...

Certain historical facts relating to the history of discussions on the nature of analytic and synthetic propositions in logic are used to demonstrates that the interpretation of their states largely depend on the accepted image of logic. 1. Брюшинкин В. Н., Ходикова Н. А. Теория поиска вывода. Происхождение и философские приложения. Калининград,...

... the university, with which both his work and life are closely connected. One of Dach’s university works is the poetic composition “Prussiarchus” dedicated to the centenary of Albertina (1644). This work is a poetical-allegorical depiction and interpretation of the history of the Prussian land in the time of duke Albrecht, the founder of the university. 1. Восточная Пруссия. С древнейших времен до конца Второй мировой войны. Калининград,...

This article focuses on the interpretation of Kant’s political philosophy given by V. Gerhardt within his “existential liberalism” and by J. Habermas in the applied part of his communicative theory. The author addresses similarity and complementarity in the identification ...

... similarity between Marx’s idea on nature as a substantive implementation of a human being, their reflection and analog, and Kant’s doctrine of the world of phenomena created by the subject from things-in-themselves. The article criticizes the Marxist interpretation of Kant's philosophy as agnostic and divorced from practice. 1.  Горский Д.   П., Смирнов С.   Н. Актуальные проблемы диалектическо-мате­риалистического учения ...

This article is dedicated to the analysis of the methodological framework of S. L. Frank’s philosophical reflection of culture. The basic principle of the philosopher’s methodology is the idea of “antinomic monodualism”, which interprets the ontological content of culture as a dual unity of the real and divine senses. 1.  Буббайер Ф. С.   Л. Франк. Жизнь и творчество русского философа. 1877—1950. М., 2001. 2.  Гайденко ...

... the basis of war-time sources, this article reconstructs the image of East Prussia created by Soviet propaganda and considers the context of its formation. The author demonstrates the use of this image over post-war decades. Propaganda discourse is interpreted as a practice of cultural assimilation of East Prussia. 1.  Бирковский В.   Г., Исупов В.   С., Фарутин И.   А. История нашего края: пособие для учащихся. Калининград,...

... conservative nationalism in the first quarter of the XIX century and the role of socalled «Russian Party» (N. Karamzin, A. Shishkov, F. Rostoptschin, S. Glinka) in this process. The author defines the basic elements of conservative nationalist ideology: interpretation of the people as a «body politic», antiwesternism, antiliberalism, cult of autocracy, selective glorification of Russia’s historical past. 1.  Карамзин Н. М. Записка о древней и новой России....

The article analyses the reference of Gustaw Herling-Grudziński’s to Berdyaev’s philosophy of history and the interpretation and reinterpretation of “The New Middle Ages”. The author defines the differences and similarities of the apocalyptic thinking of the Russian philosopher and the Polish writer. 1.  Бердяев Н.   А. Духи русской ...

The article determines the key elements of the Weltanschauung of the great American 19th century poet and writer. The author criticises some interpretations of Poe’s views on the Universe, God and cognition problem. 1.  Головин Е.   В. Лавкрафт — исследователь аутсайда. URL: http://www.lovecraft.ru/author/articles/outside.html. 2.  Ковалев ...

A study on the problems of social family-genetic memory may contain various mistakes made by senior respondents when recalling events of the past. The analysis of empirical data should take into account such memory-related mistakes. The interpretation of empirical data requires a special approach. 1.     Знанецкий Ф . Мемуары как объект исследования // Социс. 1989. №   1. С. 106. 2.     Дэвис Н.   З. Духи предков,...

This article analyses Kant's anthropological ideas, his interpretation of affections and passions of human soul. It is claimed that everything that is inconsistent with reason, including passions and affections, should play a secondary, subordinate role in religion. Religious conflicts should be resolved through ...

This article considers the development and conceptual content of university education in the diachronic and synchronic dimensions; the author analyses its role in the formation of critical thinking. The latter is interpreted in the value-instrumental rather than logical-methodological sense. 1.  Антология педагогической мысли христианского средневековья: пособие для учащихся педагогических ...

... Protocols of 8 June 1977 to the Geneva Conven­tions of 12 August 1949 (Protocol I) / C. Pilloud, Y. Sandoz, Ch. Swinarsky. ICRC, 1987. 9.  Commentary on the HPCR Manual on International law Applicable to Air and Missile Warfare. Harvard, 2010. 10.  Interpretive Guidance on the Notion of Direct Participation in Hostilities un­der International Humanitarian Law. ICRC, 2009. 11.  The Manual on the Law of Non-International Armed Conflict / International Institute of Humanitarian Law; drafting Committee: ...

... and Space. 1988. Vol. 6, № 2. Р. 117—126. 40. Keough S. B. Cultural Landscape. URL: www.oxfordbibliographies.com (дата обращения: 05.03.2017). 41. Meinig D. W. Symbolic landscapes: some idealizations of American communities // The interpretation of ordinary landscapes: geographical essays. N. Y., 1979. Р. 164—192. 42. UNESCO. URL: www.unesco.org/exhibits/cultland/categories.html (дата обращения: 11.03.2017).

... – or 8 % of all the patients – did not exhibit any ultrasonographic symptoms. One or two ultrasonographic symptoms appeared in 12 % of the patients with fibrosis stage F3-F4. It is concluded that even a single ultrasonographic symptom should be interpreted by the ultrasound specialist as a possible sign of fibrosis or cirrhosis. 1. Аришева О. С., Гармаш И. В., Кобалава Ж. Д., Моисеев В. С. Методы диагностики фиброза печени // ...

... в районе разлома Чарли-Гиббс в позднечетвертичное время // Океанология. 2017. Т. 57, № 3. С. 491—502. 2. Bouma A. H. Sedimentology of some Flysch Deposits: A Graphic Approach to Facies Interpretation. Amsterdam, 1962. 3. Broecker W. S. Massive iceberg discharges as triggers for global climate change // Nature. 1994. Vol. 372. P. 421—424. 4. Heinrich H. Origin and consequences of cyclic ice rafting in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean during ...

This article is devoted to the western border regions of Russia, which play an important role in terms of history, geopolitics, geoeconomy, culture, and mind­set. Relying on the interpretations of ‘border’, ‘frontier’, and ‘border­lands’, which are traditional for Russian limnology, I outline the geo-concept of ‘wes­tern border regions of Russia’ and provide a rationale for its under­standing as a continuous-discrete,...

... The qualitative assessment of general movements in preterm, term and young infants — review of the methodology // Early Human Development. 1997. Vol. 50. P. 47—60. 5. Amiel-Tisson C., Gosselin J. From neonatal to fetal neurology: some clues for interpreting fetal findings // Donald School Journal of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2008. Vol. 2(3). P. 48—63. 6. DiPietro J. A., Bronstein M. H., Costigan K. A. et al. What does fetal movement predict about behavior during the first two ...

... законодательства ЕС. URL: http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/regional_policy/management/g24401_en.htm (дата обращения: 20.05.2013). 4. Shaw D., Sykes O. The concept of polycentricity in European spatial planning: reflections on its interpretation and application in the practice of spatial planning //International Planning Studies. 2004. № 9 (4). P. 283—306. 5. Центральное бюро статистики Швеции. URL: http://www.scb.se/Pages/Product____25799.aspx ...

... № 6. С. 162—165. 12. Эфрон Б. Нетрадиционные методы многомерного статистического анализа. М., 1988. 13. Ware J. E., Snow K. K., Kosinski M., Gandek B. Sf-36 Health Survey. Manuаl and Interpretation Guide. Lincoln, 2000.

... article analyses the characteristics of the energy spectrum of mixture ratio and air temperature in the troposphere of the Antarctic obtained by Fourier analysis. Selected peaks of spectral density of mixing ratio and air temperature monthly averages are interpreted as annual and semi-annual fluctuations. The spectral density of random function is considered as the energy spectrum of functions. It is shown that activity zones are present in the troposphere of the Antarctic. 1. Аверьянов В. ...

... ensures through a normal life cycle. On the Vistula Spit, the preservation of a relatively stable average and total abundance and biomass is explained by an increase in the number of juveniles that replace older age groups in July — August, which can be interpreted as a response to intensified anthropogenic stress. 1. Гурьянова Е. Ф. Бокоплавы морей СССР (Amphipoda — Gammaridea). М. ; Л., 1951. С. 794—799. 2. Джабраилова Г. М. О питании морской ...

... analyses, of landscapes dynamics in the Subatlantic in three landscapes typical of the Kaliningrad region: the Vištytis upland, the Neman River delta lowland, and the Pregel lake-glacial plain. E. V. Maksimov's 1850-year rhythm model was used for data interpretation. 1. Гуделис В.   К. Рельеф и четвертичные отложения Прибалтики. Вильнюс, 1973. 2. Клейменова Г.   И. Палинологические критерии расчленения ...

The moss biomonitor technique was employed to study heavy metal precipitation in the Kaliningrad region. Graphical data interpretation, correlation and factor analysis helped distinguish the anthropogenic and natural components in moss pollution. 1. Protocol on heavy metals: [site of UNECE]. URL: http://www.unece. org/env/lrtap/hm_h1.htm ( дата обращения ...