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The role of tourism as one of the priority of regional development is grounded. The positive and negative factors of transforming tourism into the leading branch of the Economy of the Kaliningrad Oblast are formulated. The existing programmes targeting the tourism development are examined. There is characteristic of tourism services in Kaliningrad region by branches focusing on the economic activities of tourist companies and accommodations as an example. 1.  Драгилева И.   И., Корнеевец В.  ...

On the basis of the resource approach to analysing the mechanism of the formation and application of competitive advantages of organisation, this article stresses the need for the examination of the category of the "strategic potential of an organisation. The author considers the ability of the management of organisation to cooperate at the international level, or the international cooperation capability (ICA), in the framework of a more advanced version of the resource approach — the dynamic...

This article presents the results of analysis of information needs and information infrastructure of the Kaliningrad region’s agricultural sector and offers a concept of information support to the regional agricultural producers on the Internet. 1.  Целевая программа ведомства «Создание Единой системы информацион­ного обеспечения агропромышленного комплекса России (2008—2010 годы)» [ сайт МСХ РФ ]. URL: http://www.mcx.ru/index. html?he_id=1012&doc_id=20598. 2.  Отчет о НИР...

Since the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the relations within the USA-USSRChina triangle had strong influence on the whole system of international relations. The turnaround in Russian-Chinese relations from sharp confrontation in the Soviet era to current rapprochement, which started to take shape after the collapse of the Soviet Union, became a significant factor in world politics. The gradual strengthening of ties between Beijing and Moscow stood out against the background...

This article suggests that, in many interesting cases when considering the given reference domain, one has to deal with a system of formalisms rather than a single formalism. It is argued that these systems are integrated through isomorphic embeddings of their elements into each other. The article considers some alternative notions of formalism and the definitions of isomorphic embeddings corresponding to them. A number of new results concerning their interrelations are presented without proofs...

This article considers particular problems of cooperation on criminal matters in the European Union using the example of the European Arrest Warrant and European Evidence Warrant. 1.  Treaty on the functioning of the European Union, consolidated version // Offi­cial Journal. C 115. 9.5.2008. 2.  Presidency Conclusions, Tampere European Council 15 and 16 October 1999. URL : http :// presidency . finland . fi / doc / liite / treconen . rtf (дата обращения: 26.09.2011). 3.  Programme of measures...

Environmental and land management systems at the regional level are the main object of management at large. The scripts for developing manage­ment programs include analysis and assessment of the regional environmental ma­nagement system and the history of its setup, identification of the main trends, development of the most rational scenarios for its development and cor­rection based on monitoring. The article considers the main provisions of the concept plan of regional nature management systems...

Women are the core population group responsible for new HIV infections and the persistence of the HIV pandemic. A key determinant of susceptibility to HIV infection is the composition of the vaginal microbiome, which can influence the local immune cell population and inflammation status. While a low diversity microbial composition dominated by Lactobacillus crispatus is associated with a reduced risk of HIV infection, a high microbial diversity environment associated with bacterial vaginosis increases...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a significant public health problem due to its widespread prevalence. It becomes a medical and social burden for both society and the patient. To what extent comorbid alcoholism is able to influence the features of the clinical course of COPD remains an open issue. The study aimed to reveal the impact of alcoholism on the level of COPD subjective symptoms in patients with different compliance. Materials and methods. 147 men with COPD in the age of 40―88...

Given the issue of balanced socio-economic development of the entire territory of the Ka­liningrad region, an important task is to improve the quality of life in small towns in the re­gion, as they serve as supporting elements for the regional settlement frame. Attracting feder­al and extrabudgetary funds could be seen as an effective tool in the context of a local budget deficit. To date, improving the quality of urban spaces has been possible due to participation in the all-Russian competition...

Chemical pollution of watercourses can be considered as one of the integral indicators of the geoecological state of the catchment area. Such an indicator is most likely to be taken into account in the two-way interaction of a person with watercourses, both for a water user and a negative impact on them, since in both cases, water quality very often comes high in priority. Thanks to the analysis of data on pollution, it is possible to find out its sour­ces, both anthropogenic and natural, the dominant...

The results are summed up on the introduction of 70 taxa of plants of the genus Acer L. in the Kaliningrad region (since 1922). The history of the introduction of plants in the collection fund of the region, taxonomic composition, distribution in various functional objects of landscaping, protected areas and forest phytocenoses of the region, seasonal rhythm of development has been studied; Biomorphological and ecotypic structures have been identified; an assessment of environmental plasticity and...

The article is aimed at reconstructing the paleoecological conditions in the Gdansk Basin of the Baltic Sea in the Late Holocene. The hydrological and hydrochemical conditions of its isolated bottom layer are strongly influenced by water exchange with the North Sea, which in connected to the World Ocean. Information on environmental conditions in the past is necessary to understand the observed changes in the Baltic Sea ecosystem, to identify the natural and anthropogenic components of these changes...

As part of the study, the authors have considered the Interreg Programme as a tool for the cross-border cooperation development. The projects granted from «Russia — Lithuania» Interreg Cross-Border Cooperation (CBC) Pro­gramme 2014—2020 and «Poland — Russia» Interreg CBC Programme 2014—2020 have been the research subjects. The authors have identified the most active actors of cross-border cooperation from the Kaliningrad region and the border regions of Lithuania and Poland and have compared the...

Social innovations are important for solving the problems of rural devel­opment, since due to the intensification of polarization processes, the backlog of living conditions in rural areas from cities increases. Based on the statisti­cal reporting and agricultural censuses, the article assesses the changes and spatial distribution of production, social and demographic processes in rural areas of the Kaliningrad region over the past three decades. The differences in the situation in the west (in the...

Catatonia is an important syndrome found in both psychiatry and gen­eral medicine. However, identification and treatment of this phenomenon is difficult without modern diagnostic scales for catatonia. Purpose — to describe the cases of inhibited and excitable catatonia in adolescents with affective disorders. Methods — clinical observation in accordance with the ICD-10 diagnos­tic criteria for affective disorders in depression and mania, the use of Beck de­pression scale, Beck anxiety scale...

The article contains all the available data on average monthly discharges and water levels for the rivers under study, that provided the background for the hydrological series of these characteristics which are found to be in a close stochastic connection. Linear regression equations connect the average month­ly discharges and water levels in the rivers under study. They also provide for the graphs of the relationship between the considered values, and the bounda­ries of their confidence intervals...

The article is devoted to the urgent problem of economic security of the Russian border regions, directly adjacent to Ukraine: Kursk, Belgorod, Voro­nezh, Rostov and Krasnodar regions. The study is going to assess the level of economic security in these regions, as well as its dynamics after 2014, taking into account cyclical features and long-term trends that have been in effect since the early 2000s. Having analyzed the research papers and public dis­course, the study built the picture of intraregional...

The article focuses on changes in the composition of the Pregolya water eco-systems in the city of Kaliningrad due to the anthropogenic transfor­mation of the coastal area from 2013 to 2018. The work identifies the modern structure of the Pregolya eco-systems. The research included standard meth­ods of studying the aquatic vegetation. The lower current of the river Preg­olya within the Kaliningrad city borders is studied for the period from 2013—2019. The associations are named in the traditions...

Research works aimed at assessing the interaction in the host-parasite system, pay attention to the products of the vital activity of the parasite. Hemozoin is one of the most promising metabolites that can be used for new methods of parasite diagnostics and treatment. It is known that hemozoin is produced by parasites causing schistosomiasis and malaria. Recent research has shown that hemozoin is produced by the hepatic trematode Opisthorchis felineus, but the effects associated with the presence...

The level and dynamics of development of retail trade in the context of the subjects of the Russian Federation are highly differentiated. Differentiation is influenced both by the income level of the population and by other factors, since there is no functional dependence between per capita income and the volume of per capita retail trade. Even weaker is the connection between the dynamics of these indicators. The article reveals regional features of the level and dynamics of retail turnover in the...

The article describes the history of the study and the composition of the palvesk formation established in the deposits of the Paleogene of the Sambian Peninsula in the Kaliningrad Region. The authors give the most complete micro- and macro-faunistic characteristics, as well as the palynological complex according to previous studies. According to the results of absolute dating of glauconite isolated from the siltstones of the formation, as well as palynological data, it dates back to the Eocene age...

This article is the very first description of macroscopic algae suggested for inclusion in the list of species protected in the Kaliningrad region. The regional significance of our findings relates to the preparation of the second edition of the Red List of the Kaliningrad region. The previous 2010 edition lacked an algae section due to the scarcity of pertinent research. In this work, we aim to identify rare and endangered species of macroscopic algae found in the Kaliningrad region. To this end...

Liver size varies widely according to age and different body types. Palpation and percussion are standard techniques to measure liver size, but are not accurate enough to detect a small increase. Accurate measurement of the liver by sonography is particularly relevant when a patient is suspected to have hepatitis. According to a number of validated sources, liver length varies greatly depending on the modalities and techniques used by the ultrasound specialist. Ultrasound liver size measurement has...

In this article, we study the degree of dependence of heart rate variability in healthy adolescents and young adults on the average rhythm frequency. In the study group, heart rate variability decreased as heart rate grew. Although there was no difference in the increase in the heart rate, the variability of the heart rate decreased less significantly in young women than in young men. An increase in the average heart rate by 10 cardiac cycles per minute reduced the heart rate variability by 25.6...

Evaluation of liver volume is of great importance in the management of certain liver diseases and systemic disorders involving the liver. With the development of innovative technologies for the partial liver resection and transplantation lifetime assessment of liver volume is of great interest. The volume of the liver is a sensitive indicator for ectopic fat deposition and metabolic syndrome in obesity. Manual assessment of liver volume using percussion and palpation methods has disadvantages associated...

The article examines the ecology of benthic foraminifera species of Alabaminella weddellensis and Epistominella exigua based on published works. Micropaleontological and statistical data of three long sediment cores taken from the southwestern part of the South Atlantic and one core obtained in the northwestern Pacific were used to study the characteristic of the species distribution in the sediments during last 300 thousand years. These areas belong to the oligotrophic ecosystems of the open ocean...

This article estimates the severity of ultrasonographic changes in the liver at different stages of fibrosis. Sixty-three patients underwent B-mode ultrasound scanning of the spleen and the liver and ARFI-elastography of the liver. Elastography measured the shear wave speed from the 9th, 8th, and 7th intercostal spaces in the anterior axillary line at a depth of 6.0 cm from the skin surface. It was established that patients with fibrosis stages F1 and F2 exhibited from one to four and those with...

In this review, we approach Russian terminology in elastography by discussing elastography technique classifications using terms that take into account the essence of physical patterns underlying various elastography techniques. Elastography techniques used in clinical practice are divided into four groups: strain elastography, transient elastography, point shear wave elastography, and 2D shear wave elastography. Based on physical principles, two types are identified: strain elastography and shear...

This paper addresses the historical development of the renal failure concept from antiquity to the present. The authors define the term ‘acute renal failure’ and ‘acute kidney injury’. The article presents a classification of these diseases. It is shown that the development of renal failure is associated with a significant increase in age-independent mortality. The main biomarker of a kidney injury, which may be elevated in patients with ischemic heart disease, is creatinine. 1. Rea M. E., Dunlap...

Samples of epiphytic lichens Hypogymnia physodes were selected in the forests of the Kaliningrad region. Content of Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni, Ag, Sr, Rb in the lichen thallus was determined by atomic absorption and X-ray fluorescence analysis. The chemical analysis of elements resulted in the maps of spatial patterns of metals distribution. It is proposed to use the data as a "reference point" for monitoring air pollution research in the Kaliningrad region. 1. Kauppi M., Mikkonen A. Floristic...

The level of economic activities in the coastal zone of the Sambia Peninsula once again necessitates a comprehensive study of its coastal zone transformation. This problem, alongside those of relief formation in the coastal and nearshore zones, has been addressed by several generations of German, Soviet, and Russian researchers. This article provides a historical analysis of relevant research works from the early 19th century to the present. A unique observation database has been created over 150...

Research into the functional and dynamic state of the vegetative nervous system, namely the autonomic tone and reactivity, makes it possible to single out groups of sympaticotonics and vagotonics. Using the Doppler flowmetry method, the author identifies significant indicators of microcirculation in the peripheral blood vessels of the upper extremities. 1. Вегетативные расстройства: клиника, лечение, диагностика / под ред. А. М. Вейна. М., 2000. 2. Дёмин А. В., Иванов А. И., Суворов А. В. Количественная...

This article analyses images of environmental risks using the village of Nivenskoe as an example. Relevance of the research is caused by the fact that modern control systems of technogenic and ecological safety are based on risk assessment methods. Since media play a most significant role in the formation of public opinion and direct perception of risks in public space, communication of risks can be an instrument of latent manipulation with public opinion. The Internet and printed local media have...

This article describes the structural transformations in the Russian man-ufacturing industry caused by the changing geopolitical and economic posi-tion of Russia in the world economy in the late 20th/early 21st century. The author presents an economic and geographical analysis of the development of new forms of national industrial production. It is stressed that the development of new forms of industrial production organisation has become especially relevant in the last decade, since the coun-try’s...

The article discusses the emergence and development of geo-demographic research in Russia, the US and Europe. It was concluded that despite the differences in purpose and nature of this kind of research, the geo-demographic classification remains the primary methodology in the analysis of geodemographic situation. The cluster analysis is applied to study territorial differentiation of geo-demographic development of the Kaliningrad region. 1. Sleight P. Targeting customers: How to use geodemographic...

The article studies changes in migration relations between the Kaliningrad region and other regions of Russia and the former Soviet republics in 1990s and 2000s. Migratory flows intensity was assessed on the methodology of calculation of interregional migration intensity ratio (KIMS). The study analyzes the information on the annual arrivals and departures in the Kaliningrad region since 1992 provided by the Kaliningrad regional statistics office. Mapping of migration areas dynamics in the Kaliningrad...

This article analyses the reasons behind and consequences of the deficiency of urban areas in Russian towns and identifies the factors affecting the demand for territories associated with urban planning, which determine planning decisions, urban environment zoning, and the development and confiscation of infrastructure. The authors consider methodological approaches and the ways to solve the problem of territory deficiency: artificial accretion areas (land reclamation, drainage, underwater construction)...

This article examines the history of formation of fieldfare population in Kaliningrad and describes its current condition. The fieldfare population density during the 2010—2013 nesting period was 0—1.5 breeding pairs/10 hecares in urban forests, 1.1—3.7 b. p./10 ha in city parks, and; 0—1 b. p./10 ha in city streets. The dynamics of nesting density in peripheral abandoned parks is characterized by a clear negative trend, whereas, in cultivated city parks, nesting density has significantly increased...

We studied the features of altricial trophism in the barred warbler and red-backed shrike in 2004—2013. The collection of data on the nutrition of altricial chicks was carried out in the Ryazan region both in natural (Spas-Klepiki district) and in manmade (Ryazan outskirts) habitats. A comparative analysis of the data showed that both species are characterized by considerable dietary plasticity. In each station, the species composition of prey and the mass concentration of trophic groups differed...

This article explores the features of the cormorant’s nest locations on alder at two breeding colonies on the coast of the Curonian Lagoon. Based on an analysis of over 10,000 nests, three types of nest locations were identified:forks of tree trunks and large branches, medium-sized crown branches, and tops of broken trunks. It is shown that, in older and more numerous colonies, nests are located much lower, whereas the variability in nest distribution reaches it maximum. In the newly formed small...

A study based on tracking techniques showed that the foraging strategies of pine martens constitute stereotypes combining optimal foraging productivity with reducing the number of risk situations. In this species, foraging takes place in forest-grassland ecotones, which ensures a combination of foraging efficiency and risk-aversion. 1. Владимирова Э. Д. Особенности использования местообитаний млекопитающими-родентофагами в Рождественской пойме р. Волга // Вестник Удмуртского университета. 2012....

This article provides historical data on lichenological studies carried out in Kaliningrad since the pre-war period and presents a list of species that have been described as residing on the city’s territory. The authors conducted a taxonomic, ecological (according to the main substratum types), and biomorphological analysis of the lichen of Kaliningrad. The article contains a schematic map of lichen species distribution on the territory of Kaliningrad. 1. Ерофеева И. А. Лишайники — биоиндикаторы...

Climate changes correspond to a sinusoidal pattern. The climate warming rate is about 0.077 C/year or 2.23 C in 30 years. Solar-terrestrial relationships are described in the article. Hydrothermal coefficient has decreased by 16 %. A decreasing climate warming trend emerged in 2001. 1. Богданова Э. Г., Ильин Б. М., Гаврилова С. Ю. Современные методы корректировки измеренных осадков и результаты их применения в полярных регионах России и Северной Америке // Метеорология и гидрология. 2007. № 4. С...

The article presents the preliminary results concerning the quantitative content of nitrogen-fixing, cellulose-eliminating microorganisms and microorganisms using the mineral forms of nitrogen and microscopic fungi in Kaliningrad soils under different environmental conditions. 1. Arun Gurpa , Vinay K . Singh , G .   N . Qazi , Anil Kumar . Gluconobacter oxydans : Its Bio­tech­nological Applications // Mol. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2001.Vol. 3. P. 445—456. 2. Кустова Н .   А . Трансформация...

The air company «KD Avia» — the owner of Kaliningrad’s airport «Hrabrovo» has been functioning as HUB since 2007. The article explores the specific features and perspectives of HUB.

This article describes the response of hydrobionts to exogenous biologically active substances (BAS) of anthropogenic origin through the example of different taxa ranging from the Infusoria and Spongia to the Crustacea and confirms the harmful effect of anthropogenic pressure at the levels of a single organism and the whole ecosystem. 1. Авдеева Е.   В., Евдокимова Е.   Б. Результаты эколого-паразитологического ис­следования рыб некоторых водоемов Калининградской области // Современ­ные проблемы...