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This paper focuses on the status of shipbuilding and ship repair enterprises under international maritime security regimes. The author analyses amendments to SOLAS 74/78 convention, including the ISPS Code, which were adopted in December 2002 in the aftermath of September 11 attacks. Although the shipbuilding industry requires heightened security, the reasonability of equating shipyards with port facilities remains a matter of consideration by the contracting government. 1. Анянова Е. С. Роль Международной...

In 2016, the Kaliningrad region economy is entering a new stage of development. It is important to establish whether the new investment mechanism proposed in the framework of amended SEZ legislation can ensure the development of regional economy. In recent years, investment performance has deteriorated in almost all areas, since the expected abolition of customs preferences brought about dramatic changes in the business environment. The investment mechanism proposed in the new SEZ law could not create...

This article discusses the development of post-Soviet nationalist identity in Latvia under the influence of nationalist neo-Nazi organizations and persuasion. The ethnic component occupies a central place in today's political identification in Latvia. It is proved that major political groups and parties recognize and proclaim nationalist principles regardless of their basic ideology. 1. Parming T. Nationalism in Soviet Estonia since 1964 // Nationalism in the USSR and Eastern Europe in the era of...

This article considers the mechanism of financing of political parties in the Republic of Latvia. The author analyses the participation of financial and economic groups in the country’s political life. Key business actors affecting the formation of Latvian political system are identified. It is concluded that, since regaining independence in 1991, business has been a principal source of financing for Latvian political parties. The scope of financing of political parties in the republic depends on...

This article considers the contentious issues of modern military anthropology, including research methodology. The author focuses on the use of anthropology as a method of historical research since the early 19th century until today. The problem of correlation between the subjective and objective in the objective of historical research is analysed, a promising direction of development of this research field is suggested. 1. Гегель Г. В. Ф. Энциклопедия философских наук. М., 1977. Т. 3 : Философия...

This article examines the main trends in the development of customer loyalty programmes and describes companies’ approaches to creating and implementing them. The authors identify the challenges facing companies that modify customer loyalty programmes in accordance with the features of the Russian institutional environment. 1. Гордон Я. Х. Маркетинг партнерских отношений. СПб., 2001. 2. Плотникова Е. А., Куликова З. В. Программа лояльности — дань моде или эффективный маркетинговый инструмент //...

This article identifies the role of ontology in the system model of argumentation (SMA). Since the term ‘ontology’ is rarely used in argumentation studies and the context of its usage is rather unconventional, there is a need to define the notion of ontology within SMA. The method for studying argumentation in SMA is that of modelling, the second important step is analysing the role of ontology in argumentation modelling. 1. Брюшинкин В. Н. Системная модель аргументации // Трансцендентальная антропология...

In the context of social and philosophical reflection and based on interdisciplinary studies, the article considers megatrends of social development since the development of a producing economy in the world. Following the ideas of V. I. Vernadsky on socionatural development of the world, the author analyses the key megatrends unveiling the contradictory nature of social progress. The development of social life leads to the demise of natural one. The author sug¬gests ways of preserving and developing...

This article considers the tariff policy issues serving as the focus of economic discussions, since their solution has a profound effect on the opportunities of the country’s economic development. The tariff policy problems impair the efficiency and competitiveness of national business and lower living standards. The government declares its readiness to limit the growth of tariffs, which, however, suggests “manual operation” and stopgap measures. The author emphasizes the need to reconsider the methodology...

The introduction of the contract system in the field of procurement in the Russian Federation entails significant changes in the established practices. The scope of legal relations governed by the rules of regulation of public and municipal procurement is increasing. The expansion of methods for procurement centralization contributes to the efficacy of actions of those participating in the process. The introduced limitations on procuring from a single supplier support the principle of competitiveness...

This paper considers the problem of European identity in the conditions of the current European crisis. European identity developed over a long time on the moral and political grounds. The author arrives at a conclusion about the need to reconsider the concept of European identity in the EU crisis conditions. European identity cannot develop in an institutional crisis. The concept of European identity requires structural reconstruction, new foundations, since the old ones are, to a great degree,...

This article considered the stage and features of formation of the state border with Poland and Lithuania, as well as the delimitation of the Russian marine area in the Kaliningrad region zone. The Polish border was established by the Soviet-Polish border agreement of 1945. It was of astronomical nature and did not take into account the earlier administrative and economic structure of East Prussia. Since 1993, representatives of the Kaliningrad region participated in the negotiation on the Russian-Lithuanian...

This article analyses the most widespread definitions of religion. The author maintains that, since all essential definitions of religion are unscientific, whereas the descriptive ones contain logical fallacies, religion must be defined through functional analysis and studying its interactions with other elements of culture. 1. Белла Р. Социология религии // Американская социология. М., 1972. С. 265—268. 2. Брюшинкин В. Н. Практический курс логики для гуманитариев. М., 1996. 3. Дюркгейм Э. Элементарные...

The delegitimation of single-party dictatorship in the 1980s brought about fundamental political changes. The abolishment of the Communist party monopoly in December 1989 marked the formation of the modern Lithuanian multi-party system. The author pays attention to the role of confrontation between the social and political movement „Sajudis» and the Communist party of the Lithuanian SSR in the formation of the bipolar party system based on the ideological confrontation between the two dominant political...

This article analyses different aspects of the development of electronic form of culture. Particular emphasis is placed on the philosophical and sociological study of the phenomenon, which has been pronounced since the second half of the 20th century. The author considers the conditions and factors of the interdisciplinary approach to studying electronic culture. 1. Маклюэн М. Понимание медиа: внешние расширения человека М., 2007. 2. Электронная культура. URL: http:// wiki. iis. ru/wiki/Электронная_культура...

This article considers the common and the unique in the views and beliefs of A. I. Herzen (1812—1870) and Christian — both Russian and Western — conservatives. The author emphasizes that the attraction and repulsion between the freedom-loving supporter of revolutionary changes, Herzen, and sincere advocates of spiritual freedom — free conservatives — were only natural. 1. Володин А. И. Герцен и Запад // Литературное наследство: Герцен и Запад. М., 1985. 2. Герцен А. И. Былое и думы. Минск, 1971...

The role of tourism as one of the priority of regional development is grounded. The positive and negative factors of transforming tourism into the leading branch of the Economy of the Kaliningrad Oblast are formulated. The existing programmes targeting the tourism development are examined. There is characteristic of tourism services in Kaliningrad region by branches focusing on the economic activities of tourist companies and accommodations as an example. 1.  Драгилева И.   И., Корнеевец В.  ...

On the basis of the resource approach to analysing the mechanism of the formation and application of competitive advantages of organisation, this article stresses the need for the examination of the category of the "strategic potential of an organisation. The author considers the ability of the management of organisation to cooperate at the international level, or the international cooperation capability (ICA), in the framework of a more advanced version of the resource approach — the dynamic...

This article presents the results of analysis of information needs and information infrastructure of the Kaliningrad region’s agricultural sector and offers a concept of information support to the regional agricultural producers on the Internet. 1.  Целевая программа ведомства «Создание Единой системы информацион­ного обеспечения агропромышленного комплекса России (2008—2010 годы)» [ сайт МСХ РФ ]. URL: http://www.mcx.ru/index. html?he_id=1012&doc_id=20598. 2.  Отчет о НИР...

Since the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the relations within the USA-USSRChina triangle had strong influence on the whole system of international relations. The turnaround in Russian-Chinese relations from sharp confrontation in the Soviet era to current rapprochement, which started to take shape after the collapse of the Soviet Union, became a significant factor in world politics. The gradual strengthening of ties between Beijing and Moscow stood out against the background...

This article suggests that, in many interesting cases when considering the given reference domain, one has to deal with a system of formalisms rather than a single formalism. It is argued that these systems are integrated through isomorphic embeddings of their elements into each other. The article considers some alternative notions of formalism and the definitions of isomorphic embeddings corresponding to them. A number of new results concerning their interrelations are presented without proofs...

This article considers particular problems of cooperation on criminal matters in the European Union using the example of the European Arrest Warrant and European Evidence Warrant. 1.  Treaty on the functioning of the European Union, consolidated version // Offi­cial Journal. C 115. 9.5.2008. 2.  Presidency Conclusions, Tampere European Council 15 and 16 October 1999. URL : http :// presidency . finland . fi / doc / liite / treconen . rtf (дата обращения: 26.09.2011). 3.  Programme of measures...

Environmental and land management systems at the regional level are the main object of management at large. The scripts for developing manage­ment programs include analysis and assessment of the regional environmental ma­nagement system and the history of its setup, identification of the main trends, development of the most rational scenarios for its development and cor­rection based on monitoring. The article considers the main provisions of the concept plan of regional nature management systems...

Women are the core population group responsible for new HIV infections and the persistence of the HIV pandemic. A key determinant of susceptibility to HIV infection is the composition of the vaginal microbiome, which can influence the local immune cell population and inflammation status. While a low diversity microbial composition dominated by Lactobacillus crispatus is associated with a reduced risk of HIV infection, a high microbial diversity environment associated with bacterial vaginosis increases...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a significant public health problem due to its widespread prevalence. It becomes a medical and social burden for both society and the patient. To what extent comorbid alcoholism is able to influence the features of the clinical course of COPD remains an open issue. The study aimed to reveal the impact of alcoholism on the level of COPD subjective symptoms in patients with different compliance. Materials and methods. 147 men with COPD in the age of 40―88...

Given the issue of balanced socio-economic development of the entire territory of the Ka­liningrad region, an important task is to improve the quality of life in small towns in the re­gion, as they serve as supporting elements for the regional settlement frame. Attracting feder­al and extrabudgetary funds could be seen as an effective tool in the context of a local budget deficit. To date, improving the quality of urban spaces has been possible due to participation in the all-Russian competition...

Chemical pollution of watercourses can be considered as one of the integral indicators of the geoecological state of the catchment area. Such an indicator is most likely to be taken into account in the two-way interaction of a person with watercourses, both for a water user and a negative impact on them, since in both cases, water quality very often comes high in priority. Thanks to the analysis of data on pollution, it is possible to find out its sour­ces, both anthropogenic and natural, the dominant...

The results are summed up on the introduction of 70 taxa of plants of the genus Acer L. in the Kaliningrad region (since 1922). The history of the introduction of plants in the collection fund of the region, taxonomic composition, distribution in various functional objects of landscaping, protected areas and forest phytocenoses of the region, seasonal rhythm of development has been studied; Biomorphological and ecotypic structures have been identified; an assessment of environmental plasticity and...

The article is aimed at reconstructing the paleoecological conditions in the Gdansk Basin of the Baltic Sea in the Late Holocene. The hydrological and hydrochemical conditions of its isolated bottom layer are strongly influenced by water exchange with the North Sea, which in connected to the World Ocean. Information on environmental conditions in the past is necessary to understand the observed changes in the Baltic Sea ecosystem, to identify the natural and anthropogenic components of these changes...

As part of the study, the authors have considered the Interreg Programme as a tool for the cross-border cooperation development. The projects granted from «Russia — Lithuania» Interreg Cross-Border Cooperation (CBC) Pro­gramme 2014—2020 and «Poland — Russia» Interreg CBC Programme 2014—2020 have been the research subjects. The authors have identified the most active actors of cross-border cooperation from the Kaliningrad region and the border regions of Lithuania and Poland and have compared the...

Social innovations are important for solving the problems of rural devel­opment, since due to the intensification of polarization processes, the backlog of living conditions in rural areas from cities increases. Based on the statisti­cal reporting and agricultural censuses, the article assesses the changes and spatial distribution of production, social and demographic processes in rural areas of the Kaliningrad region over the past three decades. The differences in the situation in the west (in the...

Catatonia is an important syndrome found in both psychiatry and gen­eral medicine. However, identification and treatment of this phenomenon is difficult without modern diagnostic scales for catatonia. Purpose — to describe the cases of inhibited and excitable catatonia in adolescents with affective disorders. Methods — clinical observation in accordance with the ICD-10 diagnos­tic criteria for affective disorders in depression and mania, the use of Beck de­pression scale, Beck anxiety scale...

The article contains all the available data on average monthly discharges and water levels for the rivers under study, that provided the background for the hydrological series of these characteristics which are found to be in a close stochastic connection. Linear regression equations connect the average month­ly discharges and water levels in the rivers under study. They also provide for the graphs of the relationship between the considered values, and the bounda­ries of their confidence intervals...

The article is devoted to the urgent problem of economic security of the Russian border regions, directly adjacent to Ukraine: Kursk, Belgorod, Voro­nezh, Rostov and Krasnodar regions. The study is going to assess the level of economic security in these regions, as well as its dynamics after 2014, taking into account cyclical features and long-term trends that have been in effect since the early 2000s. Having analyzed the research papers and public dis­course, the study built the picture of intraregional...

The article focuses on changes in the composition of the Pregolya water eco-systems in the city of Kaliningrad due to the anthropogenic transfor­mation of the coastal area from 2013 to 2018. The work identifies the modern structure of the Pregolya eco-systems. The research included standard meth­ods of studying the aquatic vegetation. The lower current of the river Preg­olya within the Kaliningrad city borders is studied for the period from 2013—2019. The associations are named in the traditions...

Research works aimed at assessing the interaction in the host-parasite system, pay attention to the products of the vital activity of the parasite. Hemozoin is one of the most promising metabolites that can be used for new methods of parasite diagnostics and treatment. It is known that hemozoin is produced by parasites causing schistosomiasis and malaria. Recent research has shown that hemozoin is produced by the hepatic trematode Opisthorchis felineus, but the effects associated with the presence...

The level and dynamics of development of retail trade in the context of the subjects of the Russian Federation are highly differentiated. Differentiation is influenced both by the income level of the population and by other factors, since there is no functional dependence between per capita income and the volume of per capita retail trade. Even weaker is the connection between the dynamics of these indicators. The article reveals regional features of the level and dynamics of retail turnover in the...

The article describes the history of the study and the composition of the palvesk formation established in the deposits of the Paleogene of the Sambian Peninsula in the Kaliningrad Region. The authors give the most complete micro- and macro-faunistic characteristics, as well as the palynological complex according to previous studies. According to the results of absolute dating of glauconite isolated from the siltstones of the formation, as well as palynological data, it dates back to the Eocene age...

This article is the very first description of macroscopic algae suggested for inclusion in the list of species protected in the Kaliningrad region. The regional significance of our findings relates to the preparation of the second edition of the Red List of the Kaliningrad region. The previous 2010 edition lacked an algae section due to the scarcity of pertinent research. In this work, we aim to identify rare and endangered species of macroscopic algae found in the Kaliningrad region. To this end...

Liver size varies widely according to age and different body types. Palpation and percussion are standard techniques to measure liver size, but are not accurate enough to detect a small increase. Accurate measurement of the liver by sonography is particularly relevant when a patient is suspected to have hepatitis. According to a number of validated sources, liver length varies greatly depending on the modalities and techniques used by the ultrasound specialist. Ultrasound liver size measurement has...

In this article, we study the degree of dependence of heart rate variability in healthy adolescents and young adults on the average rhythm frequency. In the study group, heart rate variability decreased as heart rate grew. Although there was no difference in the increase in the heart rate, the variability of the heart rate decreased less significantly in young women than in young men. An increase in the average heart rate by 10 cardiac cycles per minute reduced the heart rate variability by 25.6...

Evaluation of liver volume is of great importance in the management of certain liver diseases and systemic disorders involving the liver. With the development of innovative technologies for the partial liver resection and transplantation lifetime assessment of liver volume is of great interest. The volume of the liver is a sensitive indicator for ectopic fat deposition and metabolic syndrome in obesity. Manual assessment of liver volume using percussion and palpation methods has disadvantages associated...

The article examines the ecology of benthic foraminifera species of Alabaminella weddellensis and Epistominella exigua based on published works. Micropaleontological and statistical data of three long sediment cores taken from the southwestern part of the South Atlantic and one core obtained in the northwestern Pacific were used to study the characteristic of the species distribution in the sediments during last 300 thousand years. These areas belong to the oligotrophic ecosystems of the open ocean...

This article estimates the severity of ultrasonographic changes in the liver at different stages of fibrosis. Sixty-three patients underwent B-mode ultrasound scanning of the spleen and the liver and ARFI-elastography of the liver. Elastography measured the shear wave speed from the 9th, 8th, and 7th intercostal spaces in the anterior axillary line at a depth of 6.0 cm from the skin surface. It was established that patients with fibrosis stages F1 and F2 exhibited from one to four and those with...

In this review, we approach Russian terminology in elastography by discussing elastography technique classifications using terms that take into account the essence of physical patterns underlying various elastography techniques. Elastography techniques used in clinical practice are divided into four groups: strain elastography, transient elastography, point shear wave elastography, and 2D shear wave elastography. Based on physical principles, two types are identified: strain elastography and shear...

This paper addresses the historical development of the renal failure concept from antiquity to the present. The authors define the term ‘acute renal failure’ and ‘acute kidney injury’. The article presents a classification of these diseases. It is shown that the development of renal failure is associated with a significant increase in age-independent mortality. The main biomarker of a kidney injury, which may be elevated in patients with ischemic heart disease, is creatinine. 1. Rea M. E., Dunlap...

Samples of epiphytic lichens Hypogymnia physodes were selected in the forests of the Kaliningrad region. Content of Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni, Ag, Sr, Rb in the lichen thallus was determined by atomic absorption and X-ray fluorescence analysis. The chemical analysis of elements resulted in the maps of spatial patterns of metals distribution. It is proposed to use the data as a "reference point" for monitoring air pollution research in the Kaliningrad region. 1. Kauppi M., Mikkonen A. Floristic...

The level of economic activities in the coastal zone of the Sambia Peninsula once again necessitates a comprehensive study of its coastal zone transformation. This problem, alongside those of relief formation in the coastal and nearshore zones, has been addressed by several generations of German, Soviet, and Russian researchers. This article provides a historical analysis of relevant research works from the early 19th century to the present. A unique observation database has been created over 150...

Research into the functional and dynamic state of the vegetative nervous system, namely the autonomic tone and reactivity, makes it possible to single out groups of sympaticotonics and vagotonics. Using the Doppler flowmetry method, the author identifies significant indicators of microcirculation in the peripheral blood vessels of the upper extremities. 1. Вегетативные расстройства: клиника, лечение, диагностика / под ред. А. М. Вейна. М., 2000. 2. Дёмин А. В., Иванов А. И., Суворов А. В. Количественная...

This article analyses images of environmental risks using the village of Nivenskoe as an example. Relevance of the research is caused by the fact that modern control systems of technogenic and ecological safety are based on risk assessment methods. Since media play a most significant role in the formation of public opinion and direct perception of risks in public space, communication of risks can be an instrument of latent manipulation with public opinion. The Internet and printed local media have...