The Problem of the Unity of Experience from the Transcendental Perspective
Abstract
This article is devoted to the problem of the possibility of experience in transcendental idealism. In its classical formulation by Kant, the problem pertains to the correlation between a priori structures of reason and reality. I approach the question of the conditions of the possibility of experience in an alternative way, i.e. as a question about the conditions of its unity, while remaining within the framework of transcendental idealism. The purport of this investigation is to demonstrate how the problem of the unity of experience permeates the problem of the transcendental conditions of its possibility. Proceeding from Kant’s correspondence, the Critique of Pure Reason, Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics, and some modern conceptions of consciousness, I reconstruct the transcendental model of experience in terms of the conditions of its coherence. This model includes the systematic unity of the properties of objects, which is the flip side of the rational unity of cognizing reason. Important conditions of the unity of experiential data are their connectedness due to the homogeneity of time and space (non-empirical intuition), and the organizing work of the a priori forms of sensing, which creates the sequence and coordination of phenomena. The activity of transcendental schemes is described as a more complex, synthetic condition of the unity of experience; as modified forms of spatio-temporal representation, they mediate categories and phenomena, being “homogeneous” with both. At the top of the activity of reason is the most problematic level of the unity of experience, on which intuitions are ordered in accordance with a priori categories. The following conditions of the homogeneity of experience are assessed as being original and going beyond the epistemological problematics: 1) the homogeneity of the consciousness of external things and self-consciousness, and 2) the unity of experience created by the end-goals of the pure application of reason. In conclusion, I examine Kant’s hypothesis that the transcendental affinity of phenomena creates the homogeneity of mental acts, and that objective reality is the key and most telling prerequisite of the homogeneity of experience.