The humanities and social science

This article suggests that, in many interesting cases when considering the given reference domain, one has to deal with a system of formalisms rather than a single formalism. It is argued that these systems are integrated through isomorphic embeddings of their elements into each other. The article considers some alternative notions of formalism and the definitions of isomorphic embeddings
corresponding to them. A number of new results concerning their interrelations are presented without proofs.

This article formulates the problems of concept process analysis. The author analyses a set of concept procedures and identifies the bases for their classification. Different classifications of concept procedures are presented in article.

The author justifies the synthetic approach in the methodology of history of logic, which is based on the “image of logic” concept, the principle of methodological dualism, and the porismatic model of science development.

This article examines Russian philosophy of history abroad. The author identifies the features of object of research and gives its general characteristics.

This article considers the development and conceptual content of university education in the diachronic and synchronic dimensions; the author analyses its role in the formation of critical thinking. The latter is interpreted in the value-instrumental rather than logical-methodological sense.

This article considers the connection between the phenomenon of philosophical education and the problem of rationality in the framework of socialphilosophical discourse. The author examines the process of development of philosophical education institution as a means to transmit the basic values of classical European rationality. The role of philosophical education in the resolution of civilization crisis is analyzed in the context of system approach.

This article considers the category of economic consciousness as a key category of social philosophy. The consumer consciousness is distinguished as one of the main levels of economic consciousness. In a consumer society, the economic consciousness is manifested in such characteristics as pluralism, В uncertainty, fragmentariness, variability, contextuality and orientation to excessive consumption, commodification and sanctification of consumption and consumer goods. The fragmentation of consciousness is a typical dysfunction of the present and is defined, among others, by the effects of alienation.

This article analyses the evolution of aesthetic ideals of baroque as the reflection of changes that took place in social consciousness. The author formulates the content standards of aesthetic ideal of baroque music and focuses on the history of spread of baroque music in East Prussia in the 17th century.

The author confines her attention to the concept of Kaliningrad text, which is considered in the framework of textological discourse developed in cultural studies. The analysis conducted and the juxtaposition of concepts made it possible to qualify the Kaliningrad text as a local type supertext and a metatext of Kaliningrad regional subculture.

The theoretical and methodological approaches to forecasting political processes are considered. The relevance of forecasting knowledge for contemporary political management and designing is grounded. The methods and implements for forecasting are evaluated not only within the context of the forecast function of political science but also as a means to cognize political
reality. The advantages and disadvantages of various methods and approaches are compared; the constraints of political forecasting are demonstrated.

The author proves that any image formed within political discourse is, in terms of its meaning, a mental object. It is claimed that, within discourse, the image of politics and the institutional practices of its formation are rather of psychological nature as well as that discourse register affects our perception of social objects of the world.

This paper examines notions used in studying the phenomenon of lobbying. The authors believe that the notion of lobbying should be distinguished from similar but not equivalent terms – advocacy, governmental relations, public relations and public policy. They suggest defining lobbying as pressure exerted by NGO representatives on central and local governments with the aim of forcing them to take (or not to take) decisions to the benefit of interest groups.

This work is an attempt to develop a social theory of uncertainty. The author carries out an analysis of social phenomena (personality, organizations and institutions) on the basis of anthropological presuppositions about the nature and features of uncertainty. The analysis rests on the concepts of multiple forms of capital, different orders of value, and field and habitus theory.

This article analyses the results of a sociological study conducted at the “Yantar” shipyard. The authors focus on the principal aspects of social management of a work collective and identify the basic problems faced by workers in the modern conditions.

This article examines the first contacts of future foreign mercenaries in Russian military service with the Posolski Prikaz in the beginning of the 17th century.

This article examines the currents of oppositional thought in the second half of the 18th century through the example of the Panin – Fonvizin project. The paper addresses the problem of the project's authorship and analyses the thinkers' ideal of state structure.

This article focuses on the position of Russian right-wing parties in the beginning of the 20th century regarding one of the components of Stolypin modernisation programme — the judicial and law enforcement reform.

This article considers the history of establishment of first Tolstoyan colonies in England, the inner life of those colonies and the relationship between Russian emigrants and English colonists.

This article focuses on the 1948 turn in the US policy towards the Soviet-Yugoslav conflict. The author analyses the reaction of American foreign policy establishment to the Cominform resolution and the degree to which Washington understood the consequences of a split between Stalin and Tito.

This article considers the course of discussions in the US Congress in 1969 in regard to the construction of American antimissile defence system.The author presents the arguments put forward by President Richard Nixon, Secretary of Defense Melvin Laird, senators, and members of the House of Representatives.

This article consdiers the issues concerning the military training of schoolchildren in the post-war years (1945—1962) in the Kaliningrad region.The authors analyse the processes of integration of military and physical training at school as well as the management of these processes by public education authorities.