The humanities and social science

The Constitution of the Russian Federation guarantees every citizen the right to health protection and medical care. The practical exercising of these rights depends on the productive work of the healthcare system and the efforts of the state to maintain and develop it. Corruption in the medical environment continues to be a frequent phenomenon, creating a barrier to equal access of patients to medical care and related services, reducing the effectiveness of medical institutions, leading to waste and embezzlement of budgetary funds. The subject of this research is the study of factors of negative impact of COVID-19 pandemic on corruption crimes committed in the field of health care. Examples given in the article allow us to identify circumstances that require special attention during the investigation of criminal cases of the relevant direction, because with their help we can not only significantly expand the range of detected crimes, but also to develop a set of measures aimed at preventing corrupt practices in medicine. Practical importance of the study lies in the possibility of using its results to form the criminalistics of corruption crimes committed in the health sector, considering the features arising under the influence of various crisis phenomena in this area.

The article analyzes the state of legality in the field of social security of health workers, considers the implementation of the prosecutor’s powers to oversee the enforcement of laws in the social sphere, the execution of the rights of health workers to remuneration for work, compensatory and incentive and other payments, as well as additional social benefits. The authors introduce the results of the prosecutorial activity of the prosecutor’s office of St. Petersburg in protecting the rights of medical workers. The analysis covers as well the problems of legal regulation, the federal and regional legislation for the rights and legitimate interests of medical workers. The authors conclude that the proper attention given to the state of legality, the substantiation of theoretical and legal problems in such an important, relevant area today as the protection of the rights of domestic health workers, will improve labor legislation and health protection legislation, as well as increase the effectiveness of the prosecutor’s exercise of powers to supervision over the implementation of laws and the observance of rights, will allow timely and prompt elimination of obvious contradictions and gaps in legislation and in law enforcement.

The demand for the Internet generates the need to study legal issues related to it. One of these issues is the classification of subjects interacting within the global network. The purpose of this scientific research is to identify the grounds for such a classification, its justification and further development. The author relied on formal legal, comparative legal, and general logical methods of scientific research, subsequently worked out a classification of subjects based on functional division and drew attention to several problematic issues related to the activities of some subjects.

The study focuses on the evolution of the financial system that has created prerequisites for the world capital to re-evaluate the investment potential of individual assets. This turned out to be extremely relevant for cryptocurrencies as well. The purpose of this study is to systematize various points of view about the cryptocurrency, including the antagonism manifested in the approaches, namely, “cryptocurrency is nothing” and “cryptocurrency is the future” due to its services and opportunities that it provides through the digitalization of the economy, namely the potential for the development of the digital infrastructure layer. The paper examines the impact of cryptocurrencies on financial, investment and industrial capital. An important emphasis is placed on the impact of the crypto market on liquidity in the economy. The results of the work can be used for further in-depth research of the cryptocurrency market as a driver of liquidity in the economy, namely in the mortgage sector.

The article analyzes the approaches to understanding the term “economic policies”. The author proceeds from the fact that the state acts as a specific economic agent and, as such, on the one, is eligible to develop formal institutions of the national economy, and on the other hand, it itself is one of the elements of this sector of the global socio-economics system. The author defines the economic policies regime as a set of rules, measures, norms to achieve the macro-goal of the country’s development through the development of its economic system. With this approach, it becomes possible to adjust the economic policies by changing the regimes if, for a predetermined period, the target indicators are not achieved for any reason. The author proposes to divide the external environment in which the state acts as an economic agent into two zones. The first is the part of the world economic area, the regulation of which has the authority of a particular state as an economic agent. The second is the part of the global economic area in which this state does not have the authority to directly establish formal institutions. As a basis for measuring the quality of economic policies, it is proposed to use the criterion of correlation of the state economic policy with the macro-development goals of the country.

The article examines how well the history of consular and diplomatic relations between Russia and Australia is studied in the historiography of both countries. A brief review of the contacts established between Australia and Russia since the beginning of the 19th century has been carried out. The authors also present the works of Russian and Australian authors, who touch upon the issues of political relations between the two states. It is noted that in Russian historiography there are a few meaningful works on the formation and activities of the Russian consular service, which worked in the Australian resettlement colonies and in the Australian Commonwealth from the second half of the 19th century until 1917, the consuls’ dispatches were searched out in the archives and published. Well-founded works have recently appeared in Russian and Australian historiography devoted to attempts to develop political contacts between Russia and Australia in 1917—1921, the establishment of full-fledged diplomatic relations between the two countries in 1942, the development of political ties during the Cold War and in the post-Soviet period. The latest work on this topic, the book Diplomatic Correspondence Russia — Australia 1856—2007, published in 2019 by the editors of the Australian Russian-language magazine Avstraliada, has been subjected to a detailed critical analysis. It is noted that a random selection of documents published without observing the rules for publishing archival materials and covering only the front side of the development of diplomatic contacts between the two countries, as well as the absence of comments and an introductory analytical article, significantly reduce the scientific level of this publication and form a biased picture of the development of relations between Russia / USSR / RF and Australia.

The article deals with the problems of personal pension provision of M. A. Ivanova, the niece of F. M. Dostoevsky, granted for the merits of her famous relative. The main information sources are the documents of the pension file stored in the State Archive of the Russian Federation, confirming the right of the writer’s niece to a personal pension for the merits of her uncle and containing information about the size of the pension and the payment plan. The studied documents, together with regulatory acts and statistical data of the corresponding period, made it possible to clarify the circumstances of the appointment of M. A. Ivanova’s pension, explain the established size of payments and conclude that she was assigned to more decent benefit compared to personal pensioners — family members of participants in the revolutionary movement and the Civil War (not related to the command staff), and even more so with recipients of pensions on a general basis. At the same time, the pension documents identified some unsolved problems: the reasons why the social security authorities searched M. A. Ivanova and why her pension book returned to the People’s Commissariat of Social Security of the RSFSR in January 1928, one and a half years before the officially recognized date of death.

In modern realities, the greatest attention is paid to fake political news in media, the purpose of which is to manipulate public opinion and eliminate a political competitor. At the moment, France is holding quite tense presidential elections, which were preceded by an election campaign using fakes. The purpose of this study is to show the strategy of candidates in the media space during the election campaign in France in April, 2022. The first part of the publication presents a conceptual analysis of the phenomenon of “fake” in foreign and Russian scientific discourse. It has been established that fake news can pose a threat to society and the state, be designed to misinform the population and form false collective beliefs. In the political media space, false news is associated with party affiliation and is distinguished by ideological polarization. The second part of the article studies the national experience of France in developing “psychic news” during the electoral campaign in 2022. It has been then established that candidates for the office from the “left” in the person of Emmanuel Macron and the “right” in the person of Marine Le Pen and Eric Zemmur used media labels in their public statements. Each candidate seeks to create a certain image of their own to be attractive to the electorate. To achieve this task, French politicians in the electoral struggle turned to inaccurate information to obtain the maximum possible support of voters in the elections.

The author identifies and analyzes the dysfunctions generated by the socio-demographic situation in Russia. This study contains a critical analysis of the demographic indicators of the Far Eastern Federal District and Russia as a whole, through which a critical assessment of the region’s current development program and an analysis of its compliance with public expectations are formed. One of the fundamental issues of the study is migration of Russia’s population, because many regions of the country set an urgent task to increase regional migration attractiveness due to the prolonged migration outflow of the population. As part of the empirical basis, the author relies on available statistical data, sociological surveys and the author’s research. The article provides an analysis of statistical reports of the Russian Federation and the Far East. Based on the results of the study, the author identifies factors that can stimulate migration, increasing the quality of life and, consequently, the migration attractiveness of the territory, which, in turn, can help to improve the socio-demographic indicators of the Far East and Russia as a whole.