Natural and medical sciences

The article is devoted to studying the territorial patterns of the formation of an innovative space and ensuring innovation security at a municipal level. The geogra­phy of the study covers the municipalities of the Rostov region. The analysis of some indicators of innovative activity characterizing the level of provision of residents and small and medium-sized businesses of municipali­ties in the region with financial and information and communication services, supporting the entrepreneurial infra­structure and infrastructure of e-commerce. The focus is made on identifying differ­ences between urban and ru­ral settlements in terms of involvement in the innova­tion process. An assess­ment of the impact of agglomeration and coastal factors on the diffusion of in­novations at the inter-municipal level is given: from the agglomer­ation center to the periphery and from coastal and conditionally coastal municipali­ties in­land. The center-peripheral trends in the distribution of innovation activity in the Rostov region are considered. The conclusion is made that the center-peripheral divide, which has developed in the region, has a decisive role in the formation of the innovation space, while coastalization and agglomeration fac­tors are complemen­tary. The diffusion of innovations is more intensive in the conventionally coastal municipalities, which is true for both urban and rural areas. In the immediate coastal municipalities, a higher level of innovation ac­tivity is characteristic of zones where urbanization and agglomeration are combined, while in rural areas, the poten­tial of the coastal position remains underutilized.

The practice of managing large urban agglomerations in the status of metropolitan areas is underrepresented in modern Russian conditions. Spatial planning documents concerning agglomerations usually do not reflect the realities and relations within these formations, which have de facto existed for a long time. Moreover, the experience in managing such forms of settlement is accumulated abroad, where active reorganization of the management system is regularly taking place, the paradigms and principles of development of spatial planning documents of large urban agglomerations are changing, and the legislative framework is improving. The article aims to study the theory and practice of institutional management of agglomerations abroad and offers specific recommendations for Russian conditions.

Submarine groundwater discharge is widespread in the Southern Baltic and creates specific conditions for the formation of benthic ecosystems. Groundwater has hydrochemical characteristics that are different from sea water, which is reflected in the chemical composition of bottom sediments and waters. In addition, underground runoff from the aquifers of the zone of active water exchange, along with river runoff and atmospheric deposition, can serve as a significant factor in the pollution of the marine environment. However, the Russian sector of the Southeast Baltic is very poorly studied in relation to submarine discharge. Meanwhile, the features of the geological structure can contribute to the development of this process. The study of the geological prerequisites for submarine discharge became the goal of this work. Analysis of various factors that potentially contribute to submarine discharge (fault tectonics, seismic activity, rock permeability, paleo-incisions, pockmarks) made it possible to identify areas of the bottom that are promising for further research. In the coastal zone, this is an area of bedrock outcrops on the northern underwater slope of the Kaliningrad Peninsula, forming a Paleocene-Eocene aquifer. On the rest of the bottom area of the Southeast Baltic, aquifers are overlain by a thick layer of Quaternary formations. Only a combination of these factors makes possible the submarine discharge of groundwater at great depths of the sea.

The production of bioethanol from non-food feedstock is considered to be a promising alternative to conventional ethanol production from food crops. However, a number of significant technological drawbacks does not allow the industrial production of bioethanol. There is the problem of screening the most effective microorganisms-producers in particular. Due to multicomponent composition of substrate, the use of several strains of microorganisms is considered to be more effective than that of one strain. Thus, the aim of the study is to select yeast consortia capable of cocultivation, and to analyze their ability to produce ethanol. According to the aim of the study, the analysis was carried out to determine the biocompatibility of some ethanologenic microorganisms from the All-Russian collection of industrial microorganisms. The ability of ethanol generation by a yeast consortia, using the enzymatic hydrolyzate of delignified Miscanthus cellulose. The comparison of the ability of yeast consortia to generate ethanol depending on aeration conditions was made. The test samples were controlled for reducing sugars with spectrophotometry, while the resulting ethanol content was determined with gas chromatography. It has been found that the use of yeast consortia makes ethanol fermentation efficient, as evidenced by the significant bioconversion of reducing sugars.

The results are summed up on the introduction of 70 taxa of plants of the genus Acer L. in the Kaliningrad region (since 1922). The history of the introduction of plants in the collection fund of the region, taxonomic composition, distribution in various functional objects of landscaping, protected areas and forest phytocenoses of the region, seasonal rhythm of development has been studied; Biomorphological and ecotypic structures have been identified; an assessment of environmental plasticity and the prospects for their further introduction has been carried out. It is recommended to supplement the list of cultural areas for 3 new species (A. mono Maxim., A. semenovii Regel et Herd, A. ukurunduese Trautv. et Mey.).

The paper presents the results of a study on species composition of diatom assemblages in a sediment core from the southwestern part of the Curonian Lagoon. There have been identified 56 species and intraspecific taxa, which belong to 35 genera. The species of Actinocyclus, Aulacoseira, Fragilariforma and Staurosira were recorded as dominant taxa in the bottom sediment samples. The studied sediments contain a large number of species, which demonstrate optimal development at a high pH value. Most of the identified species are freshwater inhabitants, less often the brackish-water species, that is due to be associated with the simultaneous influence of the continental runoff and water exchange with the Baltic Sea. The obtained data were analysed in terms of the lithologic description and radiocarbon dating in order to evaluate the environmental conditions in the studied area during the Mid- to Late Holocene (6500—3500 cal yr BP).

A clinical observation of the first experience of surgical treatment of a postnecrotic pancreatic cyst by applying percutaneous gastrocystoanastomosis is described. Surgical treatment was performed under endotracheal anesthesia under the control of a fibrogastroscope, radiation methods (ultrasound navigation devices and x-ray equipment). An improved Lunderquist set was used. The Seldinger technique was used, a low-traumatic percutaneous percutaneous intervention: puncture and double drainage of the pancreatic cyst TRANS-pancreatically and extra-organically. Reduced operation time and General treatment time. There were no complications. There is no recurrence of the disease for more than a year.

Quarantine measures are difficult working conditions that require the highest degree of mobilization and dedication from the specialists of a medical institution. Due to the acute shortage of medical personnel in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, many medical students were involved in the fight against the new coronavirus infection, for which most of them were not ready. Any stressful situation, especially of such intensity as the current pandemic, always inevitably leads to the destruction of the usual way of life, the rejection of many of the usual patterns of behavior in school, work and at home. Medical students faced a wide range of difficulties: distance learning, fear of getting infected themselves, feeling helpless due to the inability to protect their loved ones. In this regard, the purpose of this study was to assess the psychoemotional state of students undergoing practical training in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. An equally important task was to determine the main causes of mental stress of medical students in the current situation. In the course of the study, a questionnaire was developed to identify the main factors of respondents ' distress. An anonymous survey was conducted in the form of an online survey of 212 students of the Smolensk state medical University. The data obtained recorded a high level of emotional exhaustion of the majority of respondents, and the leading causes of anxiety for medical students were also identified: the fear of bringing an infection home to their loved ones and the remote format of exams.