The humanities and social science

In the current article, the author explores the legal basis for investigation activities on Internet, paying particular attention to the provisions set forth in the Federal Laws “On Communications,” “On Information, Information Technologies and the Information Security”, “On the Investigative Search ac­tivities” in the context of countering extremism. The article analyzes the technical and legal features of online investigation measures.
The author analyzes the legislation on the investigation measures on the Internet aiming at counteracting extremist. The difference of the operational-search measures "obtaining computer information" from other operational-search measures on the Internet is justified.
The research used formal-logical, logical-legal and comparative-legal methodology to study legal norms and to work out the proposals on improving the investigation measures on the Internet when dealing with extremist crimes.
Particular attention is paid to the differences in investigation in tele­communication networks and the Internet as their certain kind, as well as the relevant legal regulation in countering extremist crimes. To eliminate possible contradictions in the legislative acts regulating this activity, amendments to the current legislation are proposed.

The article deals with medical and legal issues related to the conceptual background of massage services. The purpose of the study is to analyze the legislative requirements of the Russian Federation for the medical and regular massage services, to establish the criteria for distinguishing these services when it comes to qualification of socially dangerous activity. The methodology of the research rests on the general scientific and certain scientific research methods. The paper substantiates the conclusion that the conceptual back­ground requires clarification in order to minimize issues in determining the objective and subjective features of crimes provided for in articles 235, 236 and 238 of the Criminal code of the Russian Federation.

The article reflects the results of constructing an ideal synchronization model of regional economic reproduction subcycles. Achieving coherence through the mechanisms of self-organization and self-regulation is viewed to be the means of overcoming geo-economic instability. The study models the phase conjugation of information and innovation subcycle with the produc­tion and investment one, organizational one and human capital dynamics. Based on logical imitation modeling, the research identifies the conditions of their highest coherence and self-regulation as the mechanisms to strengthen the cyclical dynamics of regional reproduction and achieve the stronger re­sistance to external fluctuations.
Within the model construction the research also proposes the hypothesis about the transfer of the Kitchin cycles’ dynamics from the innovation and technological sphere, respectively, to other subsystems of regional reproduc­tion. Thus, regular crises are explained by a periodic violation of the coherence between subcycles of shorter length (taking into account their phase shift), which is analogous to the acoustic beat effect in the propagation of wave phe­nomena in natural environments. The same phenomenon becomes a factor of vulnerability of the regional system in relation to irregularly occurring and turbulently developing impulses of the external environment.
The theoretical model and hypothesis are verified on the basis of empirical data on the Western border regions of Russia as the most vulnerable zone in modern geo-turbulent conditions. The study provides the long term (2000—2018) analysis of the phase conjugacy of the innovative product share in GRP (characterizing the innovation subcycle) and the ratio of investment to GRP (characterizing the investment and production subcycle). The results obtained made it possible to typologize the Western border regions according to the lev­el of economic security in its cyclical aspect.

The article reflects the results of a study of large Russian cities (with a population of more than 100 thousand people, as well as smaller cities with the status of regional capitals), emphasizing two strategically important groups: coastal centers and cities of the Western borderlands of Russia. Hav­ing applied economic-statistical analysis for 6 indicators (average salaries and per capita measures of the number of organizations and enterprises, retail trade turnover and public catering, commissioning of houses and the number of publications in peer-reviewed journals, indexed in Scopus) the study con­firmed the hypothesis on ‘coastalizing’ socio-economic and innovative poten­tial and advanced growth of coastal centers. At the same time, there is also a high differentiation within the group of coastal cities, indicating that such trends are valid only at the national level. Differentiation and the gap on a number of indicators are fixed with respect to the group of Western Russian cities located in the border regions. It refutes the hypothesis on their advanced development due to external contact capacity (except the advanced indicators’ values on trade, driven by the role of logistical and transit centers). The study of differentiation using k-means clustering identified 5 clusters in all major cities of Russia. It allowed determining coastal and Western border cities be­longing of to the various identified clusters. The results of research highlight the necessity for improving the urban environment quality, the need to retain and attract human capital, to rethink  the center-periphery structure of the modern Russia’s space in its projection on the coastal and border area, includ­ing the frame of large cities and agglomerations.

The development of the Kaliningrad region, Russian exclave in the Baltic, is significantly influenced by foreign policy factors. The deterioration of rela­tions between Russia and the West has led to a reduction in the region's eco­nomic ties with the neighbouring Baltic States. The coastal position of the re­gion has enabled the development of foreign trade relations with East Asian and Latin American States. Diversification of ties and federal support ensured sufficiently dynamic regional development. The article analyzes the sectoral shifts in the regional economy through the study of dynamics and structural changes in the gross regional product (GRP). The data of official statistics (primarily, the Databases of the Federal Service for State Statistics (Rosstat) EMISS), processed by known statistical methods, were used. The conclusions about the necessity and perspective directions of further restructuring of the sectoral structure of the regional economy are presented.

The purpose of the article is to consider the relationship between F. N. Glin­ka and M. A. Miloradovich, and the impact on Glinka’s fate and life. As a per­son, Fyodor Glinka was directly influenced by the events related to the anti-Napoleonic campaign of 1805—1806, the Patriotic war of 1812, and the for­eign campaigns of the Russian army of 1813—1815. An officer of the Ap­sheron infantry regiment, he began as an ensign and ended his military ca­reer as a Colonel, a writer and poet, a chronicler of three wars, editor of the first «Military magazine» and organizer of the military library, a Decembrist and philanthropist. This is not a complete «service record» of Glinka before the December uprising of 1825. M. A. Miloradovich played a visible role in this various acts and functions of F. N. Glinka.
The article clarifies the facts concerning the military service of F. N. Glin­ka and his personal relations with M. A. Miloradovich. This allowed us to cor­rect the biographical data of Glinka, which are based on the research of his so­cial and literary activities. The author of the article adheres to the point of view of the historian A. G. Tartakovsky, who believes that «Letters of a Rus­sian officer» are not simply memoirs. The author believes that «Letters» have a complex genre structure, where the documentary material is woven into the texture of artistic and journalistic essay, and the subjective narrative is adja­cent to the objective in the absence of a clear border between them. In addition, Glinka's autobiography, written at a fairly old age, is full of author's inaccu­racies and conjectures, which become apparent only in the context of compar­ing the specific facts set out in the autobiography and in the «Letters of a Rus­sian officer», with the involvement of archival documents.

The article analyzes the life of former Polish prisoner of the Nazi concen­tration camp Auschwitz Stanislaw Dubiel (1910—?), who between 1942 and 1944 worked as a gardener at the villa of the Auschwitz commandant Rudolf Höss, and subsequently became one of the main prosecution witnesses at his trial. The trial took place in Warsaw in March 1947 and lasted 18 days. In addition to Dubiel, other Poles — former Auschwitz prisoners testified there, but Dubiel’s testimony was the most complete and contained many important details. Having gone through all the circles of the Auschwitz hell, Dubiel after his release returned to normal life and in 1947 opposed Höss. Dubiel’s testi­mony is not only an important legal source but also a historical source, that helps historians partly restore his biography. This article aims to analyze Du­biel’s testimony in the Höss’s trial, evaluate its authenticity, and determine what role it plays in the reconstruction of the daily life of Auschwitz inmates, commandant Höss and his family, as well as other SS-men who worked in Auschwitz.

The article shows various structural-functional transformations of Mos­cow and its region generated by the changes in mode of production in Russia as a result of ‘perestroika’ as well as of the results of a combination of global changes triggered by the Fourth industrial revolution (hereafter the STR-4) and by the change in Russia’s geopolitical role in the modern world. The au­thor identifies the main trends as Moscow’s dependence on global geopolitical transformations, growing spatial and other forms of mobility resulted in a de­cline of its population’s reflection. At the same time, the Greater Moscow is being shaped through the integration of Moscow and its ‘periphery’, a gap be­tween the rich and poor is widening, and the phenomenon of a ’Deep Russia’ independent form Moscow is emerging.  Such mega-cities usually see their ‘periphery’ as the supply of a labor force and the waste processing sites. As a result, a social asymmetry has emerged: Moscow is developing and becoming wealthier while their periphery has got exhausted and loses its social capital. The general outcome of this process may be seen in an intense merge of natu­ral, social and technical structures that results in a transformation of modern mega-city into a very complex sociobiotechnical system (hereafter the SBT-system) which regularities and dynamics have to be carefully investigated. It requires a close integration of natural, social and technical sciences, and an urban metabolic concept. An ethos of an interdisciplinary study based on equality of social states of different sciences, their interest to study the com­plex issues and the ability for mutual understanding of various scientists is to be developed.

Relations between Russia and India in the academic and research space have been developing long. In modern history, the two countries act as strate­gic partners that aim at common development of priority areas of knowledge with high potential for the commercialization of results and the generation of innovations. The article assesses the potential for enhancing Russian-Indian interaction in various fields of scientific knowledge. The geography of the study is 268 cities of India and 44 cities of the Western borderland of Russia. The research hypothesis supports the assumption that in Indian-Russian sci­entific cooperation, the factor of territorial remoteness can be compensated by a similar level of scientific and technological (S&T) development and the pri­orities of national scientific systems. The research methodology is based on spatial scientometrics. The data source is the international abstract scientific citation base Dimensions. The authors reveal an insufficient level of existing scientific cooperation between India and Russia which is expressed in a rela­tively small number of co-authored publications in 2000—2019. The most productive in terms of an increased number of collaborative articles and cita­tions are five fields of science, i. e. physics, engineering, chemistry, mathemat­ics, and medicine. Humanities and social sciences are least involved in the process of co-production of knowledge by Russian and Indian scholars. The main constraints to the implementation of the existing potential of Russian-Indian scientific cooperation are the language barrier, the priority of state support for certain areas of knowledge, territorial remoteness and the related complexity in building social ties, the difference in the systems for assessing the effectiveness of scientific productivity.