Philology, pedagogy, and psychology

A literary text is considered by modern linguistics as a dynamic commu­nicative unit, in connection with which it becomes necessary to study its con­stituents. Subjective modality appears in a literary text as a communicative-semantic category that allows one to comprehensively represent the author’s attitude to the communicated instance. The purpose of the article stays with the need to substantiate the ontological status of the subjective modality of a literary text as a component of the author’s concept of the world. The material for the study is the literary text of the essay “Caucasian” by M.Yu. Lermon­tov as a genre that demonstrates a complex synthesis of various zones of im­plementation of subjective modality. The author’s concept, embodied with the help of various means of subjective modality, is determined by the writer’s system of values, his spiritual experience, and his aesthetic cognition. The analysis of the linguistic material made it possible to determine that the sub­jective modality can be realized as a synthesis of three levels — the image of the author, narrator and hero, which makes it possible to substantiate the au­thor’s concept of the world in a literary text.

The article examines the potential of the subjective modality as a tool to implement the author’s intentions in the texts of the first Russian printed newspaper «The Vedomosti». The article reveals a significant role of the subjective-modal meanings built over the objective modality through a number of expressive tools (modality units, parenthetical words and structures, particles). The author illustrates and qualifies the modal syncretism of the newspaper text.

The relevance of the study is determined by the need to create linguistic corpora of historical sources — the acts and other documents of limited acces­sibility, which are kept in regional archives. The material for the work was the Mikhailovsky village ataman fund of the State Archive of the Volgograd Re­gion (SAVR, fund 332, inventory 1, files 1—158, 1734—1837). In order to deter­mine the speech markers of the document genre for its automatic recogni­tion in the corpus, the business letters of the mid-18th century were para­metrized. The study has confirmed that the Don Troops office documents con­tained in­formation on investigative matters. The speech markers are deter­mined by the communicative situation and the document form. They include a sender’s name, addressee, function, structure, the type of transmitted infor­mation, spa­tio-temporal localization of the document. Business letters are claimed to be a particular document type. The uniformity of their structure and insignificant variability in genre parameters realization enable automatic genre identifica­tion even if the document title is missing.

The article analyzes the somatic vocabulary in the poetry of B. Pasternak. It is concluded that the poet actively uses the words of this semantic class that is associated with some peculiarities of his world perception. The quantitative analysis of somatic elements shows that more than 100 somatisms are used in the poet's lyrics. Of these, the words associated with visual perception (eyes, pupil, etc.) are most actively used, the second most important unit is the hand and its components (arm, shoulders, palms, elbows, etc.) which is determined by the representation of love contact. It is noted that a person is often repre­sented metonymically in Pasternak’s poetry through the enumeration of indi­vidual organs that represent and replace him entirely. Simultaneously, all the entities of the world are personified by assigning them parts of the human body which act as personifying details. Often somatisms are presented as part of phraseological units, both transformed and not, but in both cases a new fig­urative meaning is generated, often not embedded in these idioms.

The relevance of the conducted research is determined by insufficient lev­el of knowledge of the Muslim culture and its features, typical for modern Russian society. Due to the multidimensional nature of a Muslim woman im­age, the article considers one of the aspects of its discursive representation, which is the lexical means used by the authors to portray a Muslim woman athlete. The research material comes from Russian Internet sources devoted to Muslim issues. The results of the research indicate that the word hijab is used as a key element for creating the image of a Muslim woman in sports texts. In the analyzed materials, the hijab is subjected to resemiotization, which nature depends on the role identification of the participants in the narrative. For a narrator who promotes the values of Western society, the hijab in sports dis­course is a lingo-cultural marker of emancipation and overcoming  gender asymmetry. For Muslim women athletes, the hijab becomes a means of demonstrating their cultural identity and a way to prove the value of their own ethnic and religious traditions.

The article analyses the genre of the autobiographical novel by Vl. Maksimova in the context of the spiritual tradition and in connection with the typology of literary heroes. The study reveals closeness of the novel-confession “Farewell from Nowhere” to the semantic form of “confession-deed” (M. Bakhtin), embodied in the ancient Russian “Teachings” by Vladi­mir Monomakh. The type of hero-protagonist is determined by the spiritual movement he makes along the path of personal repentance and gaining inner freedom. The motive of farewell is combined in the novel with the form of con­fession and becomes an act on the part of the author. This characterizes the genre of the novel “Farewell from Nowhere” as connected with the national spiritual tradition and the organic inclusion of genre forms inherent in the novel of the twentieth century.

The article is devoted to comparative analysis of N. M. Kononov’s short story “Svetotomiy” and Plato’s dialogue “The feast”. The research aims at identifying intertextual links between these text while the analysis establishes the dialogic nature of the texts on a conceptual level and they are united by the motifs of Feast and Love. The feasting narrative in Plato’s dialogue is a celebration of the elite, described in the traditions of ethics and philosophy of antiquity. The characters of “The feast” are historical figures, their friendly conversation demonstrates the search for truth, love is understood as a desire for beauty and for eternity. The friendly feast in Kononov’s story is a feast of sinful flesh, “a feast during the plague”. The artistic images of the story are simulacra, attractive in appearance, but morally corrupted.

Having chosen the essay as the primary genre, S. Dovlatov, addresses the fate of the artist and sculptor M. Shemyakin. The article examines the central theme for the writer of the fate of a creative personality in the conditions of the totalitarian USSR regime in the era of stagnation and subsequent forced emi­gration. The humorous-ironic style is shown to have allowed the writer to raise the question of the fate of M. Shemyakin, I. Brodsky, his own fate and, in general, of the tragic fate of non-conformist writers in the USSR. The author reveals the shared dominant of the uncompromising service to the ideas of art, rather than the state. The pragmatics of the text is analyzed, which is achieved by S. Dovlatov through expressive, emotional-evaluative vocabulary and syn­tax.

The article, dedicated to the first novel of James Joyce, a famous Irish writer, shows the protagonist’s path to maturing considering the impact that home tutoring, educational institutions of various types as well as self-education had on him. In the schools under the tutelage of the Jesuit Order the values instilled by home education appear to conflict with those imposed by the British educational system. A study of the school system features shows that it is unable to lead Stephen to the creation of a full-fledged ideal which he could follow. At the same time the home loses its significance to him which leads to a complete change in ideological attitudes. An analysis of the hero’s inner world reveals that self-education does not only help Stephen to achieve success but also awakens the desire to remain an eternal student at the Uni­versity of Life.

Federal standards, developed for students with special educational needs, have secured a differentiated approach as one of the most important postulates. In practice, when assessing the educational results of students with disabili­ties, teachers are faced with many problematic situations. Adaptation of such programs involves certain alignment, and a special evaluation system, which considers the specifics of the mental operations, perception, memory, develop­ment of speech functions, the pace of educational activity, as well as the specif­ic educational capacities of each specific child. The article focuses on the poten­tial use of rating in lessons and in extracurricular activities in primary-school classes, where students with severe visual impairments are taught in adapted programs. The study concludes it is necessary to develop a system of condi­tions as part of a rating model for the development of adapted programs for students with visual impairments starting from the first year of study.

The research is devoted to identifying the specifics of professional and non-professional psychological assistance provided in Instagram. The authors carried out content analysis of the accounts of 50 bloggers, 25 of whom are professional psychologists and 25 parapsychologists working on the Instagram every day. Each blogger has from 19,000 to 2,500,000 subscribers. The study identified and qualitatively analyzed certain types of psychological assistance: psychological information, individual consultations and online group train­ings, feedback is provided in the accounts of both groups. The Mann-Whitney U-test was used to assess differences in the indicators of these groups. The quality and scale of psychological care provided by professional psychologists and parapsychologists differed significantly. The research considered strengths and weaknesses of the implemented psychological assistance. It is noted that when organizing psychological assistance in Instagram, the follow­ing methods of psychotherapy and psychological counseling are most widely used: cognitive behavioral psychotherapy, body-oriented therapy, Gestalt ther­apy, NLP, family system therapy, art therapy, some psychologists practice certain hypnosis techniques, a third of psychologists include an esoteric framework in their work. Instagram users are more interested in the work of professional psychologists than parapsy­chologists. The results confirm the huge demand for psychological knowledge and confirm the urgency of the cor­rect and corrective psychological support in the Internet.