Philology, pedagogy, and psychology

The article is devoted to the study of German phraseological units and paroemias, which go back to Martin Luther and reflect the era of the Reformation and its confessional values. The analysis showed that the unique confessional experience left a significant trace in the phraseological picture of the world of the German people. The author draws a conclusion that the conceptual foundation of set expressions is determined by the basic ideas of the Protestant creed. The main attention is paid to the representation in the phraseological units of the key provisions of the religious and moral renewal of the person, proclaimed by reformists, namely the concepts of justification by faith, Christian freedom, upbringing and education of a new person, vocation and labour as religious and spiritual values.

The article deals with the evolution of the special question in the English language of the 10th—16th centuries. The study is conducted using examples from three versions of the Gospel of John — the Wessex Gospels of the late 10th century, the Gospel of the Wycliffe Bible (the end of the 14th century) and the Gospel of Tyndale Bible (the beginning of the XVI century). The analysis focuses on the structural and formal aspects of the problem. To demonstrate language dynamics the author identifies specific contexts containing various kinds of special questions in the three versions of the Gospel. These contexts are compared according to a number of parameters. The author structures his research in the following way: 1) definition of the special question as a type and the description of the types of special questions; 2) a brief description of the compared versions of the Gospel; 3) an inventory of question words for each version of the Gospel and a brief etymological description of each lexeme; 4) the analysis of the word order in examples taken from the three versions; 5) the analysis of the ratio of synthetic and analytical means in the construction of special questions and the study of other indicators of language dynamics and evolution; 6) observations made in the course of the research are listed.

The author explores the semantics of the verb ‘to lack’ and the way the speaker categorizes situations when perceiving and asseessing them. The verb ‘to lack’ expresses implicit negation embedded in the verb meaning, which ac­tualizes some modus situations. The objective of the article is to identify and analyse situations verbalized in the utterances with the verb ‘to lack’. These situations are the results of mental activity of the modal subject, implicitly present in the meaning of the verb ‘to lack’. When categorizing a situation, the modal subject evaluates it based on a certain norm, standard or prototype, which the situation does not correspond to. Thus, the verb ‘to lack’ conveys the modal subject’s viewpoint or knowledge, realizing its modus potential.

The author describes basic sentence models and their transformations in Russian and Polish academic texts. Sentence models are defined as structural and semantic types of sentences. Transformations employ such syntax means, as passivization, nominalizations, the use of participial constructions and oth­ers. The author points out the most popular transformed models in the ana­lyzed ac­ademic texts and reveals the systemic nature of the described process­es.

The article deals with lexical issues of game localisation based on the comparison of Enlish and Russian versions of videogames. The research is focused on typical lexical challenges in the process of translation, in particular, interpretation of context-independent and context-dependent words, non-equivalent words and neologisms, and “false friends of the translator”.

The article reveals peculiarities of representation of the autobiographical topos in N. Kononov’s short story “Svetotomia” that is present implicitly in each work of the writer. In this short story, the autobiographical discourse is represented via the painting and photography code. The authors emphasize the significance of the concepts of “life” and “death” and reveal their mythopoetic semantics of cycle and mutual transition. Ekphrastic descriptions are both ex­plicit and implicit in Kononov’s short story. The authors conclude that in “Svetotomia”, the text produces ekphrasis and at the same time, ekphrasis shapes the plot, and painting and photography create autobiography.

The article describes the specific features of Kononov’s dialogue as the au­thor of the novel “Flaneur” with Polish messianism, which is presented by Mickiewicz’s “Books and the Pilgrimage of the Polish Nation” and Slovat­sky’s “Journey to the East”. Kononov’s parody and play with historical myths of Polishness allow the reader to compare his novel with the literary works of Gombrovich. The author concludes that Kononov’s Tadeush represents the an­thropological trichotomy: clothing — body — soul. In the parody and lan­guage representation of the Polish messianic idea, the key role is played by the verbs “to wander”, “to choose”, “to lead”and “to send”.

Sigmund Freud and Hugo von Hofmannsthal are among the most im­portant representatives of the world culture of the beginning of the 20th centu­ry, which was equally influenced by science and arts. The creative work of the Aus­trian poet Hofmannsthal, also a dramatist and a writer, is a good example of this kind of symbiosis. The remaining part of Hofmannsthal’s library, his letters to other cultural influencers (Arthur Schnitzler, Hermann Bahr, Carl Burckhardt, Ernst Chladni) and the memories of him (Rudolf Kassner) refer to Hofmanns­thal’s interest in psychology, psychiatry and psychoanalysis, and many of his literary works allude to Sigmund Freud’s findings. The psy­chograme of the pro­tagonists in his works resemble the types of psyche similar to the ones described by Sigmund Freud. Hofmannsthal’s characters are driv­en by instincts, which are irrational and often lead to self-destruction («Das Märchen der 672 Nacht», «Elektra»). Their dreams disclose the subconscious and the hidden wishes better than the protagonists themselves. The self-identification of Hofmannsthal’s cha­racters and Freud’s patients is fragment­ed. They can neither identify them­selves as an integrated personality nor tell the difference between reality and the dream world. This fragmentation is re­flected in the language of his characters, as it is seen in the case of the protag­onist in the short story «Der Brief», who can nei­ther think, nor speak logical­ly.

Based on a number of literary, journalistic and epistolary texts the author explores S. Dovlatov’s perception of A. Solzhenitsyn as a writer and a repre­sentative of Russian literature abroad. A. Solzhenitsyn was not just a name for S. Dovlatov, but rather a most outstanding personality. The article de­scribes S. Dovlatov’s complicated attitude to A. Solzhenitsyn, the author of the “The Gulag Archipelago”. His attitude changed over time: from admira­tion and respect during the early period of S. Dovlatov’s literary career to criticism and irony in the last years of his life.

The article presents an analysis of the social systems, in which human health is not limited to its inclusion in social relations, processes and practic­es. The main aim of this research work is to study the impact of self-identification of people with disabilities on their social integration and inclu­sion. The complexity of internal contradictions of these processes and a limited number of research works on the problem determined the need for a new inte­grative analysis and synthesis of the existing theories and empirical facts. The evolution of the concepts of social integration and inclusion of people with disabilities is described as a socio-political trend of imposing ‘inclusive socie­ty’ and ignoring its stratification and the laws of social exclusion. It is shown that social exclusion as one of the forms of organization of society can result not only from the structure of society, but can also be the individual’s con­scious choice. The author systematizes and describes special conditions of per­sonality development, personal dispositions and the role of social self-iden­ti­fication of people with disabilities in relation to social inclusion and ex­clu­sion. The author argues that there are different models of integration of people with disabilities based on social compromise and respect for the human right to choose the kind of life to live. The results of the study can be used in social and psychological support of people with disabilities in the processes of their inclu­sion and integration with society.

The article describes the results of a socio-psychological research of as­sumptions about the future of participants of the World Youth Festival (2017). The authors used the method of associations, which allowed them to reveal structural elements of reality in the future, in 10 years time, as it is im­agined by youth, including the expected changes in society and personality. The authors analyse the data describing gender-specific assumptions about the future. The analysis of international data made it possible to identify some culture-specific differences. In particular, there are significant differences in the assumptions about the future of young people belonging to different groups of countries and in those of men and women. Based on the research, the authors offer recommendations for young people how to plan their future.