Philology, pedagogy, and psychology

The article focuses on the issue of an integral word description in dictionaries. The principle of integrity implies that the most complete information about a word is included in its dictionary entry. The word is an independent two-sided and multifunctional unit of a language, respectively, it raises the issue of the amount and type of information about the lexical unit in the dictionaries of an integral type. The author of the article offers a solution to this problem. The proposed model of the integral dictionary is designed to embody the following ideas of modern lexicography: 1) the semantic principle of vocabulary organization, 2) the multidimensional description of the word, 3) the inclusion of encyclopedic, cultural, linguistic, and, if necessary, historical information, following the compex description principle, (4) “live” word functioning principle, i. e. the functional approach.

Using the texts of petitions as a genre of business correspondence in the initial period of the formation of the Russian language, the authors explore the specifics of the formulas that make up phraseological units. Employing a functional-semantic analysis of the modalities of possibility/impossibility in the texts of petitions, the authors identify the role of these modalities in the structure of business documents reflecting the culture of communication and social relations during the studied period in the history of Russian society.

Today, the term ‘localization’ is used in many studies of translations and adaptation of various Internet resources. Foreign translation agencies specialize both in translation services, and in the projects for the localization of various resources, and this fact emphasizes the practical importance of this process. The purpose of this study is to determine the role of localization in modern translation theory. To achieve this goal, we have reviewed Russian and foreign papers on localization, studied the relationship between the concepts of translation and localization as a part-to-whole issue, carried out the comparative analysis of the concepts of translation, adaptation and localization. The focus on the three key characteristics of the localization process and the analysis of localized texts placed on multilingual websites allow concluding that it is important to integrate localization concept in the theory of translation studies.

Place marketing and regional branding play an important role in contemporary global interactions. This research attempts to study the urban spatial linguosemiotic potential influencing city brands from the crosscultural viewpoint. The author aims to determine ways of how Russian and German city brands are created using three main sources of branding: people, events and architectural heritage. The authors identify dominant factors of the branding potential of German and Russian linguocultures through the content analysis of city web-sites.

The author investigates verb-verbal noun collocations in literary texts. These collocations are analysed from the functional and semantic point of view. Literary works of I. Goncharov, I. Bunin, A. Solzhenitsyn, V. Makanin and D. Danilov are used as sources of examples. The author studies verbs and verbal (action) nouns from a linguopoetic perspective. Special attention is paid to verbal and nominal characteristics of action nouns and their interaction. The author draws a number of conclusions about the potential of verbs and action nouns for the development of meaning in collocations.

The authors analyse the complex genre specificity of the art report “Der Totenwald”, written by Ernst Wiechert after his imprisonment in Buchenwald concentration camp. Three basic intertextual links of this text with Dante’s “The Divine Comedy”, Dostoevsky’s “The House of the Dead” and “Revelation of John” are considered. The authors emphasize the issue of two disjunctive ontologies, forming two fundamental cultural codes of the artistic process in the culture of Germany and Russia.

The famous work by K.Ryleyev is analysed using an axiological approach that allows the authors to interpret its main conflict in a new way. K.Ryleyev pays special attention to an antithesis, showing that Prince Igor concedes to passions throughout his life whereas Princess Olga is always guided by a moral imperative. This antithesis is the main artistic means, and the cornerstone of the plot. The analysis of the main characters shows that Princess Olga, the ruler of the Russian land, is the epitome of the ideal Russian female character. The authors conclude that there are hagiographical references in depicting her image.

Having analyzed fifty-seven letters of the Polish poet Wladyslaw Broniewski and seven letters of Irena Gelman, the author explores the historical and cultural context as well as the poetic vision of the correspondents. Additionally, these letters bear testimony to their romatic feeling. The authors of the letters knew and appreciated Russian literature, which was one of the subject matters in their letters, and valued both classical Russian literature and the literatrure of the time. In their letters, both Broniewski and Gelman often used Russian words and phrases, which reinforced the context created by these reputable writers. The analysed letters of the 1930s are of particular interest because they contain little known biographical facts of the poet and translator Wladyslaw Broniewski.

The article contains an axiological analysis of the novel "The Prospector" by the French writer Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio. The author of the novel employs a variety of artistic means to express the characters’ and his own value systems referring to the biblical myth of the knowledge tree of good and evil.

The article studies the emotional interaction between mothers and emotionally excitable children at the age of six. The importance of psychological support for mothers is described. The author analyses the results of empirical research and mathematical processing of data based on the questionnaire of parent-child emotional interaction proposed by E. I. Zakharova, the diagnosis of emotional relationships in the family test by Bine-Anthony, and the picture of the family projective technique. The author analyses 24 subjects. Of these, there are 12 mothers, and 12 children of pre-school age. The obtained results can be used for the development of psychological support programmes for mothers and emotionally excitable children to balance their emotional interaction in the family.

A review of psychological research on the phenomenon of love and amorousness made it possible to conclude that contradictory, unformed representations of love and falling in love can lead to disharmonious premarital relationships, mistakes in the choice of a marriage partner and, in the future, to a disturbance in family relationships. The theoretical basis of the research is represented by the structural approach in the theory of social representations. The study used the methodology of free associations, essays and interview. The analysis of love and amorousness representations structure has led to identifying differences in the notions of love and amorousness among nonbelieving and believing respondents — members of the Protestant community. In the basis of the differences in the concept of love, respondents have followed the categories of "sacrifice", "god", "negative consequences". The hierarchy of coinciding categories in the respondents' views has reflected differences in two samples. The category of "physical intimacy" has been identified as the background for the differences in the notion of falling in love. The nonbelieving respondents have the category "physical intimacy" in the core of their notion of love. Love and amorousness in the views of the respondents of the two groups are different. The authors have also carried out statistical processing of the results using the φ* category — Fisher z-transformation.

This article focuses on challenges in teaching a foreign language to visually impaired students. The target questions include the acquisition of meaning, concept development, as well as interpersonal and cross-cultural communication. The author proposes optional ways of overcoming these problems during foreign language lessons for visually impaired students in specialized schools of types III—IV.