Transformation of developed lands and geoecological potential of nature resource management
Abstract
The article cartographically visualizes spatial typologies of the municipal districts of the North-Eastern Caucasus according to the degree of soil erosion as a result of water and wind erosion, salinization and dehumification. Water erosion is most actively manifested in foothill and mountainous areas on steep landslide slopes with high plowing. Wind erosion of the soil cover is most visible in the northern regions of Chechnya and Dagestan within the Tersko- Kum semi-desert and partly in the Tersko-Sulak lowland. The deflation processes are mainly seen in the soils of light mechanical composition and areas with a diluted grass stand. Degumation of soils varies in all areas, but is most pronounced in cropping areas. The problem of soil salinization is characteristic of arid irrigated areas. In the most developed and densely populated plains and foothill areas, the earth is prone to pollution (hydrocarbons, production and consumption wastes). Assessment of the geo-ecological potential of the North-Eastern Caucasus regions on bioclimatic, geo-energetic, recreational and medico-ecological criteria has revealed a significant differentiation in landscape areas. The prospects for agrarian wildlife management in steppe, forest-steppe and mountain-forest zones are favorable. Steppe regions are most likely to develop alternative energy while mountain-forest and mountain-meadow zones are optimal for recreational purposes.