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• East Baltics: Economic Dilemmas of Security

  This article considers military security in the Eastern Baltic. The research focuses on the economic sustainability of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania in the context of military spending. The authors maintain that an increase in military spending can either strengthen or weaken national economic and technological potential. In Germany or Sweden, military spending accounts for a smaller proportion of the GDP or budget revenues, but it is integrated into the general model of innovative and technological...

• The “court cases” of General Ye. F. Kern

  This article focuses on the battle career of the Russian general, Ye. F. Kern, who dedicated sixty years to the service of the country. General Kern participated in most wars and military campaigns the Russian state was involved in in the last quarter of the 18th-the first quarter of the 19th centuries. Despite being a contemporary and often a companion-in-arms to outstanding Russian public and military officers, he could not secure a dominant position on the military Areopagus. Moreover, in the...

• NATO Policies in the Baltics: Objectives and Priorities

  The authors employ geopolitical analysis to identify the core characteristics of NATO’s current policy towards the Baltic Sea region. After the demise of the Soviet Union, the region was considered as one of the safest in terms of military security. However, in the aftermath of the Ukraine crisis, the region has witnessed a growing tension in relations between NATO and the Russian Federation. A comparative analysis of NATO’s official documents on the Baltics shows that the chief pretext for increased...

• The US ballistic missile defence policy in the Baltic and Nordic regions

  This article examines the implications of the deployment of the US ballistic missile defense (BMD) system in the Baltic and Nordic regions. These implications are to be considered to ensure Russia’s military security. Using the structural-functional method, the authors analyse the internal structure of the US BMD in Europe, stages of its implementation, and its influence on the military equilibrium in the region. Being similar to other regional missile defence systems of the Pentagon, BMD in Europe...

• The activities of Kaliningrad public education authorities aimed at organising military and pre-conscription training of schoolchildren in 1945—1962

  This article consdiers the issues concerning the military training of schoolchildren in the post-war years (1945—1962) in the Kaliningrad region.The authors analyse the processes of integration of military and physical training at school as well as the management of these processes by public education authorities. 1.  Государственный архив Калининградской области (далее — ГАКО). Ф. 462. Оп. 2. Д. 14. 2.  Об отмене военной подготовки учащихся. Постановление Совета министров СССР от 13 августа...

• Geopolitical and Geo-economic Changes in the Baltic Sea Region at the Turn of the XX—XXI centuries

  The article describes the process and results of the geopolitical and geoeconomic changes in the Baltic Sea region at the turn of the XX and XXI centuries. The authors assess the political, economic and military potential of individual countries and groups of countries. Ranking the selected countries and grouping them according to the similarity of their characteristics requires a variety of methods — the economic, statistical, cartographic, graphic-analytical methods, to name just a few. In the...

• The concept of guerrilla warfare in Lithuania in the 1920—1930s

  This article analyses the military and tactical training of the members of the Lithuanian Riflemen’s Union for guerrilla warfare in the interwar period. Small nations, such as Lithuania and other Baltic states, being unable to build up military strength in order to ensure national security, were forced to seek for unconventional methods of warfare, including guerrilla strategies. The study places emphasis on the development of the guerrilla war concept in the Union periodicals. The author retraces...

• Family, duty, and honour in the First World War: Problems of the everyday life of the German military elite

  This article describes different aspects of the everyday life of the German military elite during World War I. The author stresses the effect of protracted hostilities on professional high-ranking officers in view of their age, special social standards, and family relations. Special attention is paid to a new little-studied area of research. 1. Деметр К. Германский офицерский корпус. М., 2007. 2. Ланник Л. В. Германская военная элита периода Великой войны и революции и «русский след» в ее развитии...

• Some problems of ecological education of students of military higher education institutions and possible ways to solve them

  This article is devoted to the features of ecological education at a military higher education institution pertaining to the need to apply the competence model of specialist training. The author analyses the research and pedagogical problems of organization of military professional ecological training of students of different fields of study and offers the ways to solve them in the framework of the competence approach concept. 1. Когай Е.   А. Экологическая парадигма культуры и образования //...

• The ‘training’ concept in Russian military discourse of the 19th century

  The author emphasises the high frequency of the use of ‘training’ concept in the linguistic world image of the 19th century and analyses the representative of the concept in the linguistic usage of military sublanguage of the 19th century. The article offers a cognitive description of linguistic factors in the framework of diachronic communication. 1. Военный энциклопедический лексикон : в 14 т. СПб., 1852—1858. Т. 3 //Руниверс : [сайт]. URL: runivers.ru (дата обращения: 24.02.2012). 2. Военная...

• The evolution of US political priorities in the Baltic sea region in the 2010s

  The fundamental geopolitical changes in the Baltic Sea region after the end of the Cold War caused the United States to revise its priorities in that part of the world. The process became especially apparent in the second decade of the 21st century when the Ukraine crisis brought to light the consequences of NATO and EU enlargement to the former Warsaw Treaty allies and the Baltic States. This article shows how the US, motivated by the need to ‘contain’ Russia, was developing its overall approaches...

• An algorithm for assessing the development of pro-fessional competences in the military (MATLAB modelling)

  This paper describes the design and theoretical algorithm of assessing the level of professional competences in the military based on modelling in matlab fuzzy logic toolbox. The presented method of fuzzy modelling makes it possible to improve the modelling of different educational objects and processes and takes into account the human factor. In education, the method can be more effective that the results of system modelling. 1. Барашков П. Н., Житницкий М. И. Интенсификация учебно-воспитательного...

• Some methodological problems of military and historical anthropology

  This article considers the contentious issues of modern military anthropology, including research methodology. The author focuses on the use of anthropology as a method of historical research since the early 19th century until today. The problem of correlation between the subjective and objective in the objective of historical research is analysed, a promising direction of development of this research field is suggested. 1. Гегель Г. В. Ф. Энциклопедия философских наук. М., 1977. Т. 3 : Философия...

• Military sovkhozes of the Red Army in former East Prussia in 1945—1946

  This paper focuses on the ensuring of food supply for the military personnel of the Red Army and the German population in the first post-war years. Emphasis is placed on the development of new agricultural structures - subsidiary farms, enterprises, and, later, military sovkhozes, which created the basis for the agricultural industry after the Soviet population of the Kaliningrad region. 1. Гордеев И. А. Военные совхозы и их роль в становлении социалистического сельского хозяйства Калининградской...

• Passages from the history of the Kaliningrad region: The first sitting of the Königsberg regional Office for Civil Affairs on June 26—27, 1946

  An analysis of the transcript of a meeting held on June 26—27, 1946 at the Königsberg Office for Civil Affairs helps consider the perspective of the civil administration and the commandment of the 11th Guards Army on the problems of the development of the Königsberg / Kaliningrad region in 1946. The meeting participants focused on the conflict between the civil and military authorities. Different models of relations between the military and civil administrative structures developed in the region’s...

• The “personal-social” antinomy as a mechanism for analysing and assessing pedagogical studies on developing cognitive interests in cadets

  Using the “personal-social” antinomy, the author analyses the results of a historical and pedagogical reconstruction of the 1960s— 80s theoretical and practical studies on the development of cognitive interests in cadets within the training process at military schools. The analysis helps to identify the conditions for critical and creative application of these results in humanising the system of military education in modern Russia. 1. Артемьева О. А. Активизация познавательной деятельности курсантов...

• Onomastic component of a linguistic identity of a Russian military officer

  The article verifies the proposal that the study of the onomastic compo­nent makes it possible to reveal more fully the specific of the language person­ality of the Russian military officer. Theoretical analysis of existing papers re­sults in a generalized concept of a language personality as an image of a bear­er of knowledge, models of behavior and reactions, cultural-linguistic and communicative-activity values. The vocabulary activated in communication is considered from the point of view of...

• Count M. A. Miloradovich in life, creativity and the fate of F. N. Glinka

  The purpose of the article is to consider the relationship between F. N. Glin­ka and M. A. Miloradovich, and the impact on Glinka’s fate and life. As a per­son, Fyodor Glinka was directly influenced by the events related to the anti-Napoleonic campaign of 1805—1806, the Patriotic war of 1812, and the for­eign campaigns of the Russian army of 1813—1815. An officer of the Ap­sheron infantry regiment, he began as an ensign and ended his military ca­reer as a Colonel, a writer and poet, a chronicler...

• Paradoxes of Legal Procedure in Mr. K’s Complaint to the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation on the Defense of Pension Rights of a Serviceman

  The author studies some specific legal paradoxes in the implementation of the legislation on status of militaries in the concrete case of the military pensioner K. who served relevant period but did not get the right to obtain pension. The application to The Constitutional Court of Russian Federation and some aspects of the judgment of the Court are analyzed....

• Methodological Potential of the Concept «Military Culture of Society» in Historical and Political Studies

  The author considers the scope of the «military culture of society» concept and analyses the possibilities of its application in humanities in order to extend our knowledge of the past and the present. 1.  Ашев Г.   А. Культура воинской деятельности. М., 1984. 2.  Каменев А.   И. Современная высшая военная школа: состояние, проблемы и перспективы развития. М., 1991. 3.  Ковалевский В.   Ф. Профессиональная культура офицера // Военная школа. 1990. №   6. 4.  Чебан В.   В. Культура национальной...

• The factors and pedagogical conditions for the development of general cultural competences of cadets in the current educational process at a military university

  Based on the competence-based approach to education in line with the goals and vectors of human activities in a knowledge society, the author thoroughly analyses the current educational process at a military university in view of its contribution to the general cultural development of cadets. The author attempts to analyse the factors facilitating and inhibiting the development of general cultural competences in cadets, as well as to identify the pedagogical conditions for the development of cadet’s...

• On the development of the naval education in the south of Russia in late XVIII — early XX centuries

  Thе article studies the foundation and development of the maritime training institutions in the Crimea and the Black Sea region in the late XVIII — early XX century within the military, political and socio-economic changes that occured in the area. The aim of the article is to analyze conduct the foundation and development of both military and commercial marine education in the region in historical and pedagogical perspectives, that allows us to see the evolution of educational concepts and modification...

• The “questioning” of entering foreigners by the Рosolski Рrikaz in the 1610—1620s

  This article examines the first contacts of future foreign mercenaries in Russian military service with the Posolski Prikaz in the beginning of the 17th century. 1.  Российский государственный архив древних актов (далее — РГАДА). Ф. 35. Оп. 1. №   52. 2.  РГАДА . Ф. 35. Оп. 1. №   55. 3.  РГАДА . Ф. 35. Оп. 1. №   69. 4.  РГАДА. Ф. 141. Оп. 1. 1628. №   75. 5.  РГАДА. Ф. 150. Оп. 1. 1615. №   2. 6.  РГАДА. Ф. 150. Оп. 1. 1615. №   4. 7.  РГАДА. Ф. 150. Оп. 1. 1618. №   2. 8.  РГАДА. Ф. 150...

• Lannik L. Pobedonosnye proigravshie: germaskaya voennaya elita v 1914—1921 gg. [Victorious losers: The German military elite in 1914-1921] SPb.: Evrazia, 2015. 528 s.

  Chumakov A. 110-113

• The legitimation and criticism of violence in international law. A po¬litical science perspective

  This article considers the practice of justification of arbitrary use of force, which poses a paradox and was not foreseen in Kant’s peace project. It is paradoxical because modern international law — unlike classical law — is aimed not at regulating wars but maintaining peace. However, the UN Charter provides for the right to self-defence before the collective resolution is adopted. Despite rather strict legal restrictions and international court procedures, cases of abuse of this right occur on...

• The military and political situation in the Baltic region in the late 20th/early 21st centuries: the prospects of ‘uneasy peace’

  In this article, we consider the development of international relations in the Baltic region in the late 20th/early 21st centuries. This study aims to analyse the security prospects of the Baltic region in view of the changes in the overall geopolitical situation in Europe and in the relations between Russia and its closest neighbours and the leading NATO countries. We examine the ideas and forecasts of international and Russian experts relating to the state and dynamics of military security in the...

• The psychological and pedagogical training of an officer — a factor or combat training intensification

  The authors carried out an analysis of the combat training of military personnel. The article considers approaches to training intensification offered in psychological and pedagogical research literature. The components of the professional and pedagogical competence of an officer are described. The requirements for the psychological and pedagogical training of officers are identified as a factor of successful intensification of the combat training of military personnel. 1. Бабанский Ю. К. Интенсификация...

• Key trends and features of the Canadian military-industrial complex during the Second World War

  The article deals with the development of the Canadian military industry in 1939-1945. The effectiveness, organisation and scale of production of aircraft, ships, armored vehicles, artillery and small arms are analyzed. The author reveals the influence of geographic, economic, home and foreign policy factors on the type of weapons produced and the volume of their production. Using official Canadian documents and statistical publications, the author concludes that the military-industrial complex of...

• The journal “1812”and the 100th anniversary of the Patriotic War of 1812

  The author explores the perception of the characteristic traits of Russian people that was widespread among military intellectuals and their associates — publishers, authors and sub­scribers of the journal “1812” at the end of the 19th — the beginning of the 20th centuries. The same group of military historians, academics and popularizers initiated the foundation of the Museum of 1812 and the Borodino panorama, painted by F. A. Roubaud for the 100th anni­versary of the Patriotic War of 1812. On the...

• Assessment of the efficiency of Russian response to the implementation of US missile defence deployment concept in Europe

  This article is dedicated to the problems of deployment of the US anti-missile defence system in Eastern Europe. The European system of US missile defence is just one of the components of global US missile defence. This work aims to analyze possible Russia’s responses within military and political spheres. The measures proposed are divided into three subgroups: soft, medium and hard depending on the implementation of the adopted missile defence concept by the USA. This research employs the structure-system...

• The issues of the post-war demobilization of military officers (1945—1948)

  The article analyses demobilization of officers of the USSR armed forces after the Great Patriotic war in 1945—1948. Six mobilization rounds were carried out to reduce the size of the Armed Forces during this period, and more than 1.3 million officers were dismissed. The original idea was to retain the officers special for their moral and professional qualities, who have no re­strictions on health and age. All demobilized were given remuneration, the necessary documents, and the relocation was paid...

• The international legal regulation of the status of voluntary human shields

  The analysis of existing rule of International humanitarian law governing the cases of use of human shields by the parties of armed conflict justifies the conclusion that these persons are a sui generis case and should be regarded as an exception to a number of general rules. As a result, they should not be classified as taking a direct part in hostilities and must be treated according to the principle of proportionality provided that the permissible level of excessiveness of collateral damage can...

• Geopolitical transformation of the Kaliningrad oblast of the Russian Federation

  After the World War II, the part of East Prussia taken by the Soviet Union was transformed into a gigantic Soviet military base. It performed the functions of the outpost in the West on the one hand; and on the other hand, of the barrier which helped the USSR to ensure the dependence of the Eastern Baltics and domination in Poland. After the Cold War, Kaliningrad Oblast, a territory of 15,000 square metres with a population of nearly one million people, owned by the Russian Federation and located...

• Economic and geopolitical aspects of the Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline

  The Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline project (NS 2) along the bottom of the Baltic Sea is aimed to increase gas supply from Russia to Germany and other EU countries. It serves mutual economic interests: the predicted growth in gas demand in the EU markets and the need to strengthen the energy security of the EU. The implementation of the NS 2 project is complicated by the need to allow for the EU energy legislation and by the expanding influence of geopolitical factors on EU – Russia cooperation, including...

• Development of the Soviet public administration system on the territory of the Kaliningrad region (April — June 1945)

  This article analyses the formation of the Soviet public administration system in the Kaliningrad region in the first months after the Battle of Konigsberg. The author focuses on the functioning of military commandant’s offices and the temporary civil administration. 1. Кретинин Г. В. Военные комендатуры 3-го Белорусского фронта в Восточной Пруссии (октябрь 1944 — май 1945 года) // Вестник Балтийского федерального университета им. И. Канта. 2011. № 12. С. 67—75. 2. Кретинин Г. В. Военные комендатуры...

• Media images of the Kaliningrad region in the structure of migration attitudes of millennials and the reform generation

  This article explores the role of a regional media image on migration attitudes. Attention is drawn to the Kaliningrad region, a Russian exclave whose population growth is solely due to migration. The study aims to determine how the media images of Kaliningrad affect the decision to move. The research draws on Radaev’s concept of generations. It uses 2014—2018 regional and national publications about the Kaliningrad region (N=1913) and semi-structured interviews with informants (N=44). The research...

• On the post-war reconstruction of the Kaliningrad region: the conflict of authorities

  This article focuses on the transitions of power from the military bodies to the civil ones at the stage of the postwar restoration of the Kaliningrad region. 1.  Советский Союз на международных конференциях периода Великой Отечественной войны 1941—1945 гг. Т. 6.: Берлинская (Потсдамская) конферен­ция руководителей трех союзных держав — СССР, США и Великобритании (17 июля — 2 августа 1945). М., 1980. 2.  Военный энциклопедический словарь: в 2 т. М., 2001. Т. 2. 3.  Очерки истории Восточной...

• Financial Support for the Red Army Personnel During the Great Patriotic War

  In this article, I analyse the improvement of the system for financial support for military personnel during the Great Patriotic War. Financial support included a monetary allowance, material bonuses for involvement in combat, and welfare benefits for families and veterans. The financial support system was vertically integrated from the centre (the Financial Directorate of the Red Army) to an individual soldier through the financial bodies of military units. The financial situation in the country...

• The formation of the image of East Prussia by Soviet military propaganda and its use in the post-war period

  On the basis of war-time sources, this article reconstructs the image of East Prussia created by Soviet propaganda and considers the context of its formation. The author demonstrates the use of this image over post-war decades. Propaganda discourse is interpreted as a practice of cultural assimilation of East Prussia. 1.  Бирковский В.   Г., Исупов В.   С., Фарутин И.   А. История нашего края: пособие для учащихся. Калининград, 1990. 2.  Брускин А. Здесь стояли батареи // Калининградская правда...

• The dynamics of the world market of gold and the current geo­political processes. Part 2. The analysis of behaviour patterns of the main gold market participants

  The article analyses the behaviour of the participants of the world gold market. Special attention is paid to the London gold fixing and its replacement by the London electronic auction in an attempt to establish the benchmark price of gold under the influence of short-term geopolitical impulses. The au­thor puts forward a hypothesis that different impulses of geopolitical process­es, their frequency and the level of manifestation influence differently the dy­namics of the world gold market. These...

• Ways to optimize the characteristics of active synthesizers frequency

  The purpose of this work was to summarize the existing experience and approaches to software development and create the methodology for a software product development for the aviation industry. The current research was based on the systemic analysis and the theory of statistical estimation. This work primarily deals with theoretical methods of research which were used to identify approaches to the mathematical description of atmospheric phenomena models of wind shear, turbulence. The author also...

• The effect of railway network evolution on the Kaliningrad region’s landscape environment

  This article addresses methodology of modern landscape studies from the perspective of natural and man-made components of a territory. Railway infrastructure is not only an important system-building element of economic and settlement patterns; it also affects cultural landscapes. The study of cartographic materials and historiography made it possible to identify the main stages of the development of the Kaliningrad railway network in terms of its territorial scope and to describe causes of the observed...

• The Baltic Sea region and increasing international tension

  For many years, the Baltic Sea region stood out for its remarkable stability. The dramatic changes following the end of the Cold War did not have a profound effect on the territory. However, Russia's cooperation with other states in the Baltic Sea region began to lose momentum. This paper discusses the negative effects of the Ukrainian and Syrian crises and the increasing tension between Russia and other countries in the Baltic Sea region. In the short term, these trends are unlikely to re¬verse...

• Gender and seasonal characteristics of lipid exchange in people of different ages

  A biochemical assay of blood lipids in military personnel and reservists was conducted. The influence of seasonal changes (spring, autumn) on the lipid compounds of blood serum was analyzed. A dependence between the total cholesterol level, the content of low-density (LDL) and high-density lipoproteins (HDL, and triglycerides and age and gender was identified. 1. Буганов А. А., Агбалян А. А., Ионова Н. Е. Влияние фактора питания на состояние здоровья населения // Медицина труда и промышленной экологии...

• Tourist excursions and the formation of historical memory of Kaliningraders in 1964—1975

  Studying archival documents, the author analyses the contribution of tourist agencies to the formation of the historical memory of Kaliningraders in 1964—1975. The article describes certain pages of local history, which were included in thematic excursions for residents and guests of the region. In their excursions, tourist guides of that period paid a particular attention to the victorious military operations of the Red Army in East Prussia in 1945. During their tourist trips to Russian cities and...

• The US marine fleet in the context of lend-lease deliveries to Great Britain and the USSR during World War II : the development programme and travel routes

  This article focuses on the formation and implementation of the programmе of development of US fleet during World War II for providing military and economic support to the anti-Hitler coalition — Great Britain and the USSR. The author considers the most typical projects of marine transport vessels built at US shipyards, the main routes of travel from the USA and Great Britain to the USSR in the framework of the end-lease programme. 1. Блэйр К. Подводная война Гитлера. Охотники. 1939—1942 :...

• Gender an seasonal changes in the leukocyte population in different age groups

  This article presents the results of a hematological assay of blood (leucocytes, mean value of absolute and relative values of the leucocyte population: lymphocytes, total eosinophil, basophils, monocyte, and neutrophil count) in the military and reserve personnel. Seasonal, gender and age-dependent features in blood parameter changes are identified. 1. Назаренко Г. И., Кишкун А. А. Клиническая оценка результатов лабораторных исследований М., 2005. 2. Козинец Г. И., Сарычева Т.Г, Луговская С. А...

• The Kaliningrad Region: Challenges of the Exclave Position and Ways to Offset Them

  The recent geopolitical shifts and Russia’s response to them have had a significant impact on the Kaliningrad region. This has created new challenges and warranted a revision of the old ones. The article investigates the reaction of the region’s economy to the challenges of its exclave position and considers possible measures to offset related problems in the current geopolitical situation. The article employs statistics, regional strategies, cross-border cooperation programmes, and expert interviews...

• The strongholds of Russian coastal borderlands: economic dynamics amid geopolitical turbulence

  In the 21st century, the World Ocean is becoming a key factor in global socio-economic dynamics and a geoeconomic and geopolitical priority of many countries. The Russian Federation, whose economy, infrastructure, and settlement system have been gravitating towards the sea since the late 1990s, is no exception. This article aims to identify and provide a conceptual framework for the phenomenon of Russia’s coastal borderlands and their constituent ‘strongholds’. It also explores the factors and features...

• Exclavity as a challenge and a resource for foreign positioning of the Kaliningrad region

  The exclusive position of the Kaliningrad region is a fundamental geopo­litical factor in its socio-economic and socio-cultural development. Given the region’s foreign positioning, exclavity is both a challenge and a resource. Guided by the principles of factor analysis, through the method of principal components, the author puts forward several theses regarding the possibilities and limitations of exclavity in overcoming foreign positioning of the region. The economic dependence of the Kaliningrad...