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... article provides the analysis of the mutual intensity of the Russian-Polish border crossing in the period from 2002 to 2016. The author analyzes the contribution made by the cross-border movement mechanism to the development of relations between the border ... ... The article concludes that in spite of shortcomings and negative effects for both countries, the mechanism of the mechanism of local border traffic in 2015, launched in 2012, became an important development tool for socio-cultural and business contacts ...

This article addresses the problem of definition and identification of clusters as localized mesoeconomic systems with fuzzy boundaries that stimulate the development of these systems. The author analyses the influence of the inductive approach to the formation of cluster theory and juxtaposes different typologies of clusters and other types of localized economic systems. The article offers an overview of the existing methodological approaches ...

The article explores the history of chess in Königsberg in the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century. The author gives the data on competitions held in the capital of East Prussia, as well as biographical data on players and chess composers who lived there and visited Königsberg. The reconstruction of the history of the chess movement includes the localization of chess clubs in the city. The researcher states, that in the 1850s — 1870s chess clubs with general and specialized membership flourished in the city. The Königsberg Academic Chess Club was the example of the latter. From 1878 until ...

... (hierarchist, egalitarian, individualist, fatalist) being reproduced within the structure of the cultural preferences of the local com­munities. Different scales are being analyzed and tested, the application of the two of them is proven to be good for ... ... origi­nal methodology is being applied for the assessment of the cultural types con­sistency in intense communication. The authors give a statistical account for the consistency of the cultural attitudes of the respondents. Using factor anal­ysis, ...

... the last years of the USSR and RSFSR and the first years of the Russian Federation, as well as its role in the political system and the social life of modern Russia. The author identifies the key contradictions in power relations between public and local authorities. 1. Конституция Рос. Федерации [Электронный ресурс]. Доступ из справ.- правовой системы «КонсультантПлюс» (дата обращения: 16.07.2013). 2. ...

This article examines the results of municipal reform, analyses the budgetary policy of the Kaliningrad region, and identifies the problems of formation of local budget revenues. The author described the methods to improve budgetary policy, which could level the differences in economic and social development of municipalities and solve the problem of stability and independence of local budgets. 1. Об областном бюджете ...

... characterized by the growing role of municipal taxes and overall decline in public transfers. In the Russian Federation, municipal budgets depend crucially on the mechanism of federal and municipal tax redistribution at this stage of municipal reform. The author comes to the conclusion that legal innovations in the field of the tax base of local autonomies in Russia follow the pattern of the Italian local autonomy reform. 1.        Федеральный закон об общих принципах реализации местного самоуправ­ления в РФ N ...

... the region’s geographical position and history. The region’s history was used extensively in the Soviet time for political and ideological purposes. The current confrontation between Russia and the West lends new urgency to the problem of teaching local history, ninety percent of which is the history of a territory that once belonged to Germany — today, a pillar of the EU and a member of NATO. The author examines whether it is reasonable to draw on international experience in patriotic education. The subject ‘History of West Russia: The Kaliningrad Region’ was taken off the school timetable. The article stresses the need to teach a course on ...