Internet diffusion and interregional digital divide in Russia: trends, factors, and the influence of the pandemic
... the centres of technological innovations as well as the high intensity of external relations. Leading regions have an impact on their neighbours through spatial diffusion. Econometrically, access to the Internet depends on income, the average age and level of education, and its use depends on the business climate and Internet accessibility factors. Regional markets are gradually getting more saturated with digital services and technologies. The difference between regions in terms of access to the ...
University performance and regional development: the case of Russia’s North-West
... evaluating the performance of regional universities and presents the results of its application in the regions of Russia’s Northwestern Federal District. The universities of the Arkhangelsk region and St Petersburg demonstrated the highest performance levels, whilst those of the Leningrad region were the lowest. Correlation analysis showed a significant connection between universities’ performance levels and the key socio-economic indicators of regional development. Universities’ performance levels ...
Reputation core of Russian authorities: the case of the regional level of executive power
... them. The article presents the results of research aimed at the analysis of the reputation of Russian authorities, with a special focus on the regional branch of executive power. The paper examines the reputation of Russian authorities of different levels and branches using the example of regional executive bodies. The author determines the structure and features of the reputation core of the conceptual category ‘Russia’s authorities’ understood both as federal and municipal authorities of ...
The modern economy of Russia’s Baltic regions in the municipal context
This article analyses the differentiation of municipalities at the municipal and urban district levels in the Kaliningrad and Leningrad regions based on their economic development and the response of their economies to the crises of 2020 and 2022. Emphasis is placed on the possibilities of conducting such assessments by merging Rosstat statistics ...
A typology of the Baltic region states according to excellence in science and technology
... considered to be lagging behind leading countries due to an economy that is heavily reliant on exporting raw materials [1; 2; 5]. A number of papers substantiate the need for collaboration for the sake of scientific and technological development at the level of national industry and science [1], as well as at the level of the CIS member states [6] and the EAEU [7].
Having analyzed the indicators of scientific and technological space, most authors from the former USSR countries pay attention to the volume ...
Efficiency analysis of seaports in Russia’s Baltic basin: performance evaluation
... and logistics systems. The primary objective of this work is to develop a system approach for conducting multi-criteria studies on seaport performance efficiency. The findings obtained through the proposed methodology consider criteria at different levels of seaport management, offering valuable practical implications. Notably, this study fills a gap in the literature as no previous work has provided a comprehensive methodology for studying and analyzing ports from the perspectives of management,...
Military and political cooperation between Germany and Lithuania in the late 2010s to early 2020s
... among several representatives of the Lithuanian leadership, ensuring that the brigade would not become a ‘Schrödinger’s brigade’ — an entity with uncertain visibility akin to Schrödinger’s cat. Notably, Germany’s transition to the brigade level of presence and its permanence immediately constituted two violations of the Russia-NATO Founding Act (1997). Nonetheless, Official Vilnius offered full support for both initiatives.
An illustration of this support was seen in 2017 when Germany’s ...
Economic development of Russia’s north-western regions and migration to the St. Petersburg agglomeration
... to concentrate in agglomerations. This explains the growth of poor neighborhoods in agglomerations in developed countries [8].
A more favourable development trend is observed in the Nordic countries, where agglomerations are relatively small and the level of innovation activity is higher. Knowledge-intensive industries in these countries are concentrated in urban agglomerations, particularly Helsinki [2], [9].
The share of intangible products with low logistics costs, mostly related to information ...
Modern trends in paradiplomacy: a case of Russian-Finnish regional cooperation
... issues” [6, p. 40]. At this point, paradiplomacy might become an object of multi-level governance studies since multi-level governance reflects a system of interaction, which involves a wide range of actors and institutions at various administrative levels [7, p. 392].
Andre Leсours developed his paradiplomacy theory by introducing the concept of ‘layers’ of paradiplomatic activity [8]. According to Lecours, the first layer is represented by economic cooperation. In this context, regional governments ...
Societal security in the Baltic Sea Region: the Russian perspective
... of these research tools, the above-mentioned shortcomings of my empirical base can be successfully overcome and a set of reliable data for this study can be effectively created.
The Russian discourse on societal security
This discourse includes two levels. The first level is the official discourse shaped by various Russian doctrinal/conceptual documents. The second level is represented by expert and scholarly narratives on national and international security and includes views developed by different ...
The Visegrad Group and the Baltic Assembly: coalitions within the EU as seen through Russian foreign policy
... [3]. This is not an abstract geographic or economic space, but a space of political decisions.
Transregionalism provides an opportunity for the formation of a more effective management mechanism compared with those created at the global and regional levels since decision-making at the global level is fraught with difficulty in seeking consensus among the most influential actors in international relations and decision-making at the regional level is usually limited by the boundaries of a particular ...
Small towns of Latvia: disparities in regional and urban development
... State Agency for Regional Development of Latvia since 2013. The data collected were then analysed taking into account the geographical location of small towns. The research showed that the main factors influencing the development of small towns are the level of business activity and the role of local authorities in the provision of public funding. The article describes prospects for the polycentric development of small towns and analyses the ways of reducing disparities in their development in terms ...
Priorities for the development of manufacturing industries in the Kaliningrad region
... also discuss possible trajectories of economic development in the changing external environment.
Stages in the development of manufacturing companies, from 1991 to 2023
By the early 2020s, the Kaliningrad region had established itself on the national level as a significant manufacturing centre. In 2021, its companies accounted for 1.2 % of the national manufacturing production, whilst the population of the region did not exceed 0.7 % of the Russian total. The production output, both in absolute terms ...
Territorial structure of inbound and domestic tourism in the Baltic States
... the Baltic States and to identify the central, peripheral and semi-peripheral regions. Elements of the centre-periphery structure were identified through cluster analysis covering the period 2009—2019. Eleven indicators were used to determine the level of socio-economic development, the state of inbound and domestic tourism and the degree of transport infrastructure development. The results of the study suggest that there have been progressive changes in the territorial structure of tourism in ...
Sustainable development of the city territorial capital: adaptive policy through the geography of knowledge
... important function, which enables to assess and monitor the ability of territorial innovation systems to generate new scientific knowledge. While the commercialization of knowledge in the territorial context is primarily considered at the regional level as part of the production process, it is more appropriate to consider the knowledge generation at the level of a city where the city is the most important urbanized scientific regional centre. This study aims to assess the territorial distribution ...
The role of endogenous factor in increase of ocean level for the last 140 years
The article examines the structure and dynamics of the World Ocean level during the past 140 years. The role of endogenous factor
in constant increase of water supply and subsequent rise of the sea level is defined as dominating. Two principle cycles in the sea level fluctuations were distinguished: a high-amplitude ...
Confiscation Estonian style: legal and political aspects of potential seizure of Russian assets in EU countries
... seizure from the rightful owner are planned to be applied. The Estonian government, however, intends to take a step further in this matter by extending the practice to any Russian individual, whether targeted by restrictions or not.<10>
At the EU level, the confiscation of Russian assets is primarily considered concerning individuals on the so-called sanctions list. Within the sixth package of restrictive measures, the Commission and the High Representative proposed to strengthen accountability ...
The border as a barrier and an incentive for the structural economic transformation of the Kaliningrad exclave
... comparative analysis of national land regional macroeconomic indicators leads one to conclude that the economic decline was much deeper and faster in Kaliningrad than across Russia (see Fig. 1). By 1995, industrial production had fallen to 40 % of the 1989 level (compared to the national average of 51 %). As for the sectoral structure, there was a noticeable reduction in the proportion of machine engineering, the food industry and the textiles, clothing, leather and footwear sectors. The increase in the ...
Knowledge and innovation dynamics of the Northwest Russia under geopolitical changes
... the transfer and consolidation of industries from outside; d) the emergence of entirely new activities based on advanced technologies, scientific discoveries, business models and innovations.
While sustainability means the preservation of the current level of well-being and natural resources for future generations [13], resilience (flexibility, sturdiness) refers to a regional economic system’s response to crises. Bristow and Healy describe economic resilience as the ability of regions to withstand ...
Artificial Intelligence: a catalyst for entrepreneurship education in the Baltics
... of students using AI amounted to 25 articles published in scientific journals indexed in the Scopus scientometric database, and 62 articles — in Web of Science. According to data from the Scopus database, scholars from China exhibited the highest level of activity in research related to this topic, with 25 publications. Following closely behind were researchers from the USA, with 15 publications, and Russia, with 7 publications.
1
Number of publications in different countries containing the phrase ...
Population change and the settlement system transformation in Poland, as revealed by the 2021 census
... seems to create more problems for Poland than its eastern neighbours. If the current trends persist, the eastern voivodeships, the stronghold of the right-wing conservatives in power, may not only rapidly lose population but also face a reduction in the level of socioeconomic development.
Introduction
In the second and the beginning of the third decade of the 21st century, the population structure in Europe underwent significant changes. Many countries experienced a combination of positive net ...
Post-Soviet Space: background and the results of regionalization
... deals with the regionalization of social processes and their specific manifestations in the post-Soviet space. According to the author, regionalization is developing at four levels-international (macroregional), subregional, intraregional and on country levels. The most important one is the international level. Specific features of regionalization at each level of the post-Soviet space are described. The author draws a conclusion that the post-Soviet space is the epicenter of regionalization in contemporary ...
Three Russian Baltic regions in the context of confrontation between Russia and the West
... Russia, and extends up to the present day, when the relations between Russia and the West, as many experts and politicians have emphasised, have reached a critical point and may require substantial changes in the global order, including at macro-regional levels, for a return to what was once considered ‘bbusiness as usual’. The study examines the development level and dynamics in the three regions, alongside their economic security. Another focus is on foreign policy and a geopolitical typology of ...
The impact of the food embargo on consumer preferences and cross-border practices in the Kaliningrad region
... profitable but still important products [13].
In this context, the Kaliningrad region is a vivid example of a region that, on the one hand, in 2014, was extremely highly dependent on imported food, on the other hand, tended to lag behind the average Russian level of purchasing power for a wide range of food products.
In addition, the Kaliningrad region saw rapid growth in agricultural production after the introduction of the food embargo. This was largely due to active state support for the agri industry ...
Comparative analysis of the territorial support frame of settlement in coastal areas: the case of St. Petersburg and Kaliningrad regions
... [6]. Some observations on American agglomerations prove the effect of a coastal position [7], [8].
For a long time, international academic science saw the theory as a ‘growth machine’. This interpretation was based on the belief that the highest level of a city’s socioeconomic development is reached through extensive exploitation of its economic, demographic, and spatial potential [9]. The Soviet cities of Leningrad (today, St. Petersburg) and Kaliningrad followed this model as well. The strength ...
Geopolitical Security of Russia: Remarks on the Problem Statement
... international relations and security, including the political, military, socio-cultural, and economic realms. The structure of the geopolitical space is constantly evolving, reflecting changes in the international balance of power over time. At the level of political discourse, these ideas coalesce into a distinct geopolitical worldview that is transmitted to the mass consciousness (and the collective unconscious), where it becomes entrenched as attitudes, stereotypes, and archetypes.
The Cold War ...
Changes in the structure and geography of tourist flows during the COVID-19 pandemic
...
Introduction
Tourism suffered much more than many other industries from the travel restrictions and other COVID-19 response measures. The bulk of studies exploring the effect of the pandemic on tourism tackle the problem at a global and national level. Much fewer works look at the changes in the geography of tourist flows. These changes, quite evident at the global level, require investigation at the level of groups of countries, individual countries and regions. In the Baltic region, the structure ...
The spread of the COVID-19 infection in Russia’s Baltic macro-region: internal differences
... regulations brought in by city districts, which points to the largely urban system of settlement in the territory. The Republic of Karelia adopted an extremely centralised approach to COVID-19 responses with few regulations adopted at the municipal level: the regional authorities made decisions applicable to all the municipalities. The Pskov region was exceptionally active in introducing lockdown measures, such as sweeping travel restrictions, to combat the pandemic. It adopted the largest number ...
Cross-border tourist mobility as seen by residents of the Karelian borderlands: COVID-19 restrictions
... Karelians’ visits to Finland, depending on whether the Loukhi district is included in the calculation. This is explained by the municipality’s unique, both border and interior, position. Below, it will be considered as a purely border area.
Municipal-level analysis of the Karelian borderlands reveals the specific features of individual districts (Fig. 2).
2
Responses to the question ‘How often did you visit Finland for shopping, tourism or recreation before the pandemic?’, %
Comment: here and ...
The economy of Russian Baltic regions: development level and dynamics, structure and international trade partners
... the Baltic macro-region comprising Russia and eight EU countries (Germany, Poland, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia) in the context of the ongoing geopolitical and geo-economic changes. The article aims to assess the dynamics, level, structure and pace of economic development of three Russian regions located on the Baltic Sea (St. Petersburg, Leningrad and Kaliningrad regions) and analyse the intensity of their trade relations with countries of the macro-region. Russian Baltic ...
Psychological health of senile men and women during the COVID-19 pandemic
... of senile age in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The sample consisted of 100 respondents aged 74 to 98, living in a family and in a nursing home. Negative characteristics of psychological health in men and women of senile age were revealed: low level of life satisfaction, low mental activation and emotional tone, high level of stress. A higher level of anxiety and more pronounced depressive tendencies were found in respondents living in a nursing home. The significance of differences was assessed ...
Analysis methodology for the relationship between the water flow and river levels by determining the dependence
The article contains all the available data on average monthly discharges and water levels for the rivers under study, that provided the background for the hydrological series of these characteristics which are found to be in a close stochastic connection. Linear regression equations connect the average monthly discharges and water ...
Estimating the Development of the Latvian - Estonian - Russian Transboundary Tourism and Recreation Region
... tourism and recreation mesoregion. The authors employ ten additional criteria proposed in the general conception of transboundary tourism and recreation regions. The article identifies five microregions: Pskov-Pechory- Tartu and Pskov-Izborsk-Cesis (first level), Pytalovo-Rezekne (second level), and Izborsk- Pechory district- Setomaa and Lake Chudskoe area (third level). The authors classify the microregions according to their level of development. The development of the Izborsk-Pechory district-Setomaa ...
Geopolitical regionalisation of the Baltic area: the essence and historical dynamics
... self-organising system [2] to the concept of geo-space. Geo-space is a system of natural, anthropogenic and humanitarian subspaces linked by relations of mutual adaptation (socio-geo-adaptational relations), which are established through interaction at the levels of information, energy and matter. Geo-space, being an essential dimension, necessary condition and principal environment for social activities and natural processes, imparts geo-space features to these activities and processes through geo-adaptational ...
Models for countering the segregation of ethnoreligious immigrant areas in Denmark and Sweden
... rhetoric. Thus, the definition of a “vulnerable residential area” (udsatte boligområder) included two additional criteria: ‘education’ and ‘income’ associated with vocational education for less than 60 % of residents aged 30—59 and the level of taxable income for residents aged over 15 less than 60 % of the average gross income in the region.<23> In addition, the abolition of the Ministry of Refugees, Immigrants and Integration<24> led to the decentralization of integration ...
The geopolitical effect of the maritime factor on the spatial development of post-Soviet Russia: the Baltic case
... fishing zones in the World Ocean, etc. [24].
The growing coastalisation tendency characteristic of post-Soviet Russia<1> occurred against the background of the conflicting combination of economically motivated geopolitical conformism at the global level, the attempts to strengthen the national maritime jurisdiction specified in the World Ocean federal target programme of 1998,<2> and the retention and restoration of the sphere of Eurasian influence. Geopolitical conformism manifested itself ...
Geography of the mobile internet in the border and interior regions of Russia
... defining three main groups of its factors: socio-economic, socio-demographic and cultural.
Regarding digitalization in Russian regions, key economic factors include the gross regional product per capita, which exhibits a positive correlation with the level of telecommunication development [23]. Additionally, the average monthly cost of mobile communication and internet services plays a pivotal role. When these costs are high relative to wages, it notably reduces the accessibility of ICT. Similarly,...
Cognitive features of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in patients with alcohol dependence
... becomes a medical and social burden for both society and the patient. To what extent comorbid alcoholism is able to influence the features of the clinical course of COPD remains an open issue. The study aimed to reveal the impact of alcoholism on the level of COPD subjective symptoms in patients with different compliance. Materials and methods. 147 men with COPD in the age of 40―88 years were examined. The study relied on spirometry criteria, mMRC, CAT, domestic questionnaire of adherence to therapy,...
Center-peripheral dimension of innovative security in the Western border regions of Russia (the case of the Rostov region)
The article is devoted to studying the territorial patterns of the formation of an innovative space and ensuring innovation security at a municipal level. The geography of the study covers the municipalities of the Rostov region. The analysis of some indicators of innovative activity characterizing the level of provision of residents and small and medium-sized businesses of municipalities in ...
Photoluminescence of the 15NV–-center created by implantation
We study the properties of the spin states in single diamond 15NV–-center at the ground state level anti-crossing. Our approach uses a complete set of commuting operators. We have shown that under certain conditions in 15NV–-center it is possible to obtain a 100 % transfer of polarization from the electron spin to the spin of the 15N nucleus....
The influence of the transport factor on the investment competitiveness of coastal regions in the European part of Russia.
... developed, are of the greatest potential compared to other regions of the country. It makes perfect sense to set up large economic centers capable of harnessing the benefits of agglomeration and seaside factors in such regions. A tool to improve the level of economic development and investment attractiveness of these regions is the implementation of large trasnsport infrastructure projects. The article analyzes how the implementation of projects under the Federal Target Program “Development ...
Automatic System for Determining the Angles of Scoliotic Deformity of the Human Spine
... D. et al. 3D Vertebrae Segmentation Using Graph Cuts with Shape Prior Constraints. // IEEE International Conference on Image Processing. Hong Kong, 2010. P. 2193—2196. doi: 10.1109/ICIP.2010.5652849.
22. Rousson M., Paragios N. Prior Knowledge, Level Set Representations and Visual Grouping // Int. J Comput. Vis. 2008. Vol. 76. P. 231—243.
23. Yookwan W., Chinnasarn K., Jantarakongkul B. Region of Interest of Human Lumbar Spine Segmentation Using Geometric Triangular Analysis // IWAIT 2018....
An Attempt to the economic and geographical analysis of the differentiation of the Russian Federation subjects on of the level and dynamics of the retail trade development
The level and dynamics of development of retail trade in the context of the subjects of the Russian Federation are highly differentiated. Differentiation is influenced both by the income level of the population and by other factors, since there is no functional ...
Organisation of scientific research in Germany
This article considers the structure of research system in Germany. It describes the federal and state levels of research management. The Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) bears primary responsibility for science and technology policy at the federal level. At the state level, this responsible is shared by the Ministry of Education and Science ...
A new role of cooperation under economic sanctions as seen by residents of the Kaliningrad region
... economy, whose unique risks are a product of its enclave position and dependence on imported goods and supplies from ‘mainland’ Russia. Transport costs are a severe limitation upon food accessibility for the population, leading to reduced consumption levels. Additional constraints are the difficulties encountered by regional food industry enterprises, which are currently experiencing the painful repercussions of disrupted cross-border supply chains [13]. Analysis of the economic development risks ...
Spatial differentiation of rural territories in the Kaliningrad region: implications for socio-economic policies
... decreased against a growth in the rural population; in the Svetlogorsk and Yantarny districts, the situation was the opposite.
Figure 4 illustrates the role of natural and migratory movements in the overall urban and rural population change at a municipal level from 2010 to 2022. It highlights demographic disparities in the periphery, which witnessed a substantial decline in the overall population. The districts of Gusev and Sovetsk, the latter having no rural population, experienced a less dramatic reduction ...
Initiative as a type of document
... parameters, such as "communication subjects" ("sender" and "receiver"), "function," "information," "modality," "structure," "space," and "time."
Three levels of hierarchy of parameters are distinguished, determining their significance as genre-forming elements. It is established that the features of first-level parameters, such as the collectivity of the sender and the dual nature of the receiver, the ...
Reputation and status in Denmark’s strategic culture
... As the conceptual documents suggest, the more common qualitative content analysis of strategic documents and official statements underpinned the identification of Russia’s functional priority in foreign policy [29]. It was also used to assess the level of commonality in European foreign policy amidst recent international crises [30].
This article will use more traditional and common content analysis to examine Denmark’s four foreign policy and security strategies covering the periods of 2017—2018,...
The two-party tendency in Poland’s political system: manifestations, causes and prospects
... towns, most of them ardent Catholics with secondary education and a below-average income — are commonly called ‘mohair berets’. The latter’s voters — cosmopolitan youngsters from big cities, having a good education, a large income and a high level of social mobility – have been dubbed ‘lemmings’ [13, p. 55]. Territorial division in support for PiS and PO is also explicit: the former is more often voted for in the central and south-east regions, and while the latter in big cities and ...
Narcotization of the population as a social problem (the case of the subjects of the North-Western Federal District)
... which creates a direct threat to the gene pool of the nation, ensuring the rule of law, the national security of the country. Territorial differences in narcotizing are determined by many factors, such as the economic and geographical location, the level of transport infrastructure development and the social well-being of the population. At the same time, location-wise, the level of the drug situation and its influence on the socio-economic development of the regions is practically not considered ...