Revisiting the Maxim-Law Dynamic in the Light of Kant’s Theory of Action
A stable classification of practical principles into mutually exclusive types is foundational to Kant’s moral theory. Yet, other than a few brief hints on the distinction between maxims and laws, he does not provide any elaborate discussion on the classification ...
Territorial structure of inbound and domestic tourism in the Baltic States
... recognised as a major research problem. Yet, the territorial structure of tourism in the Baltics is still not fully understood, remaining a peripheral interest of Russian and international recreational geographers.
Materials and methods
To develop a classification of regions of the Baltic States according to advances in tourism, we used a statistical method consisting in automatic data processing and collating, namely cluster analysis. The term was coined by the American psychologist Robert Tryon ...
Classification of doctrinal principles of law
The specific features of doctrinal principles of law, complicating the process of their classification, are noted. Based on a positivist legal understanding, three original classifications of doctrinal principles of Russian law are proposed. The first classification is based on criteria such as the source of origin and the source in which the doctrinal principle is formulated. The second classification criterion for doctrinal ...
Classification of subjects of legal relations on the Internt
The demand for the Internet generates the need to study legal issues related to it. One of these issues is the classification of subjects interacting within the global network. The purpose of this scientific research is to identify the grounds for such a classification, its justification and further development. The author relied on formal legal, comparative legal,...
The mandatory classification of hotels and other types of accommodation as a business process: the case of the Kaliningrad region
This article deals with the mechanism of mandatory classification of hotels and other accommodation units on the territory of the Kaliningrad region. This requirement is considered as a business process. The article provides a detailed analysis of the input and output of the business process and its six ...
Mathematical modeling of parameters price discrimination by the method of classification trees
Paper discusses possibilities of parameters price discrimination modeling on base of the method of classification trees based on the algorithm of Gini feature selection, by analyzing market behavior of dominant firms under oligopoly on the Russian coal market. It is shown that analysis based on branching tree classification determine the characteristics ...
Factors of Legal Classifier Construction and Improvement Methods
The article defines and compares four groups of factors influencing the construction and development of the united legal classifier in the Republic of Belarus and the classifier of legal acts in the Russian Federation: legal systems and all its structures, legislative system and all its structures, the system of public administration; electronic system of legal information collecting, processing, storage, systematisation and dissemination. The author offers to methods to improve the inner structure...
Geography of the mobile internet in the border and interior regions of Russia
... access to mobile internet technologies difficult. Table 3 presents data on mobile coverage by type of region.
Mobile internet coverage by type of region
Group of regions
Type of mobile internet coverage
A
B
C
D
Share of the total territory, %
The first classification approach: by the period of integration potential accumulation
Old border regions
having a land and a maritime border
2.8
10
0.9
86.3
having a land border
1.4
12.4
1.1
85.1
having a maritime border
0.3
1.6
0.4
97.7
having a maritime border ...
Acute renal failure and acute kidney injury: The historical aspects of the syndromes
This paper addresses the historical development of the renal failure concept from antiquity to the present. The authors define the term ‘acute renal failure’ and ‘acute kidney injury’. The article presents a classification of these diseases. It is shown that the development of renal failure is associated with a significant increase in age-independent mortality. The main biomarker of a kidney injury, which may be elevated in patients with ischemic heart disease,...
The effect of railway network evolution on the Kaliningrad region’s landscape environment
....), 1898, Germanija. Voennyj obzor vostochnyh oblastej [Germany. Military review of the eastern provinces], St. Petersburg.
4. GOST 17.8.1.02-88 MEZhGOSUDARSTVENNYJ STANDART Ohrana prirody. LANDShAFTY. Klassifikacija. Nature protection. Landscapes. Classification. OKSTU 0017. Data vvedenija 1989-07-01 [Standard 17.8.1.02-88 interstate standards Conservancy. LANDSCAPES. Classification. Nature protection. Landscapes. Classification. OKS 0017. Date of introduction 01.07.1989], 1989, available at: www/ ...
Segmentation of multi-temporal radar images of earth covers
Possibilities of application segmentation algorithms and classification of satellite radar images without deleting a speckle noise for separation of connected areas are considered. The segmentation algorithm Merge Using Moments is optimum for separation of specific composition of forest on multitemporal radar ...
A classification of objects of economic security studies
... article stresses the insufficient amount of scientific knowledge on the object of economic security studies. Therefore, there is a need for an in-depth analysis of the key component of economic security — its object of study. The article presents a classification of objects of economic security studies.
1. Государственная стратегия экономической безопасности Российской Федерации (Основные положения) : указ ...
Geopolitical regionalisation of the Baltic area: the essence and historical dynamics
... regions of cooperation or integration — the EU, the EAEU, the Baltic region until 2014;
2) regions of conflict. These are transboundary grey zones characterised by sanctions, confrontation and peacemaking efforts, such as transboundary Kurdistan. This classification is, however, open to debate, as not all authors are willing to acknowledge the systematic nature and regional character of conflict-afflicted territories. Yet, conflictual relationships often lie at the core of a system, albeit in a negative ...
Confiscation Estonian style: legal and political aspects of potential seizure of Russian assets in EU countries
The possible confiscation of Russian assets by Western countries is one of the serious challenges to modern international law and the system of international relations. Since the greater part of the frozen assets is under the jurisdiction of EU countries, special attention should be paid to studying mechanisms for the use of Russian assets within the EU. The purpose of this article is to identify the key characteristics of the EU’s approaches to the use of frozen Russian assets, determine their...
The border as a barrier and an incentive for the structural economic transformation of the Kaliningrad exclave
... Russian region can be divided into several periods, further subdivided into stages, depending on the intensity and nature of its connections with the neighbours (see, for example, [13], [14], [15]). In the context of this research, the most pertinent classification is the functional-temporal typology of the Russian-Polish and Russian-Lithuanian borders undertaken by Lidia Gumenyuk [13], which is grounded in the established concepts of Oscar Martinez and his followers. In contrast to Gumenyuk,...
Expansionism in Poland’s strategic culture: historical retrospective and variations
... transition between ‘ideal types’, their displacement and complementation accompanied by the internal transformation of each type of strategic culture (subculture) [11], [12].
Building on the works of Alastair Johnston and my earlier research, I propose a classification of the ideal types of strategic cultures. I consider strategic preferences as the decisive criterion, which includes both permanent preferences (such as the choice between coercion or cooperation) and preferences that may change in response ...
Migration distances in Russia: a demographic profile of migrants
The distance of migration is closely linked to life course events, which are, in turn, marked by age. It serves as a criterion for distinguishing migration from other forms of spatial mobility. This paper aims to calculate the average distance of domestic migrations in Russia between 2011 and 2020, considering various migrant profiles such as sex, age, and type of residential registration. The Euclidean distance between 130,000 geocoded Russian settlements was computed to estimate migration distances...
Units of the lexical-semantic group ‘Information search and receipt’ as personifying metaphors in Russian poetry
... 157—171 (in Russ.).
Fedoseeva, E. N., 2009. Dialogicheskaya osnova russkoi liriki pervoi treti XIX veka [Dialogic basis of Russian lyrics in the first third of the 19th century]. PhD thesis. Moscow (in Russ.).
Golubeva-Monatkina, N. I., 1991. Classification study of questions and answers of dialogical speech. Voprosy Jazykoznanija [Topics in the study of language], 1, pp. 125—134 (in Russ.).
Golubeva-Monatkina, N. I., 2004. Voprosy i otvety dialogicheskoi rechi. Klassifikatsionnoe issledovanie ...
The spread of the COVID-19 infection in Russia’s Baltic macro-region: internal differences
This article explores the spread of the Covid-19 infection in Russia’s Baltic macro-region. The monthly excess mortality rate in the Baltic region is analysed along with regional and municipal Covid-19 response acts to identify regional features affecting the spread of the disease. The spatial characteristics of Russia’s Baltic regions, germane to the propagation of Covid-19, were distinguished by examining selected social and economic statistical indicators. Based on the space of places/space...
A typology of the Baltic region states according to excellence in science and technology
... traditional market economy, exhibits a higher level of scientific and technological development. The second group, comprised of post-socialist countries, is characterized by a relatively lower level of scientific and technological development. This classification, though unsurprising, provides valuable insight into the scientific and technological landscape of the region.
Countries with market economies are distinguished by:
— high gross domestic spending on R&D (more than 2 % of GDP);
— a large ...
Reputation core of Russian authorities: the case of the regional level of executive power
The importance of studying the reputation of authorities is connected, on the one hand, with the formation of a consolidated system of political power and, on the other hand, with the highly social orientation of the category of the ‘reputation of authorities’, reflecting the value-based attitude of citizens towards them. The article presents the results of research aimed at the analysis of the reputation of Russian authorities, with a special focus on the regional branch of executive power....
Genesis of the concept of “unclaimed land share” in Russian legislation
The concept of “unclaimed land share” appeared and developed in Russian legislation due to the debatable nature of the legal nature and the ambiguity of the legal regime of the land share as a category of land law. The article provides a description of the theoretical and practical issues related to the genesis of the doctrinal and legal concepts of land share and unclaimed land share, the topical issues of recognizing a land share as unclaimed. The author gives the timeline of the concept of...
On the forms of manifestation of the magical function of language
The article explores linguistic phenomena as a form of manifestation of the magic function. Systemic classifications, taxonomies, and linear phenomena such as euphemization and performativity reflect the beliefs and socio-spiritual functions of societies. This set of linguistic forms and means is determined by the existing religious beliefs. The article ...
Towards a classification of transboundary tourist and recreation mesoregions in the Baltic region
... Transgranichny`e turistsko-rekreacionny`e regiony` na Baltike [Transboundary tourist and recreational regions in the Baltic], Kaliningrad, Immanuel Kant Russian State University, 272 p. (In Russ.).
24. Manakov, A. G., Ivanov, I. A., Chuchenkova, O. A. 2021, Classification of transboundary tourist and recreational mesoregions in the southeastern part of the Baltic macroregion, Regional`ny`e issledovaniya [Regional studies], no. 1, p. 118—129. doi:
https://doi.org/10.5922/1994-5280-2021-1
(In Russ.).
25....
On the system classification of terminological vocabulary of modern education
... most of them focus on the analysis of its individual aspects, thereby leaving out the description of the terminological system of Russian education that is dynamically developing in the recent period. The purpose of this study is to build a systemic classification of the terminological vocabulary of modern education, which includes terminological units of different types. The research relies on modeling techniques, as well as descriptive and contextual analyses. The paper shows that the terminological ...
Clinical cases, pathogenesis and diagnosis of catatonia in affective disorders (depression and mania) in adolescents
... miology-clinical-features-assessment-and-diagnosis (дата обращения: 14.10.2021).
11. Bush G., Fink M., Petrides G. et al. Catatonia. I. Rating scale and standardized examination // Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 1996. Vol. 93, № 2. P. 129—136.
12. Francis A. Catatonia: diagnosis, classification and treatment // Current Psychiatry Reports. 2010. Vol. 12. P. 180—185.
13. Rosebush P. I., Mazurek M. F. Catatonia: Clinical Features, Differential Diagnosis, and Treatment // Psychiatry for neurologists: Text-book /ed. by D. V. ...
Two-stem names: history and current state
The article considers a group of two-stem Slavic names that were defined as the names of Princes by the researchers of the nineteenth century. The author highlights the classification features of these names, as well as their other specific characteristics (semantics, structure, system of derivatives, belonging to separate languages). Linguistic material in question is obtained in the dictionaries of personal names ...
Classification of systems machine learning
The classification of machine learning methods is given depending on the technique of learning, the main algorithms of machine learning and the scope of application are considered. Particular attention is paid to reinforcement learning based on Markov decision ...
The subjects of legal monitoring of Justice of the Peace
... formulates the definition of the "subject of legal monitoring of the justice of the peace" concept. Based on the analysis of the existing ideas about subjects of legal monitoring and practical experience of monitoring of justice of the peace, the classifications of subjects of legal monitoring of the of justice of the peace are proposed depending on the number of participants and on the availability of state power. The proposed classifications are shown in their interrelation. The author concludes ...
Geo-demographic typology of municipalities of the Kaliningrad region
The article discusses the emergence and development of geo-demographic research in Russia, the US and Europe. It was concluded that despite the differences in purpose and nature of this kind of research, the geo-demographic classification remains the primary methodology in the analysis of geodemographic situation. The cluster analysis is applied to study territorial differentiation of geo-demographic development of the Kaliningrad region.
1. Sleight P. Targeting customers: ...
Helping relationships and diagnostics of attachment: A psychometric revision of the IPPA questionnaire
... Adolescence. 1987. № 16 (5). P. 427—454.
7. Main M. Recent studies in attachment // S. Goldberg [et al.] (eds). Attachment theory: Social, developmental, and clinical perspectives. Hillsdale, N. J., 1995. Р. 407—474.
8. Marvin R. S., Britner P. A. A classification system for parental caregiving behav¬ior patterns in the preschool Strange Situation. Unpublished classification manual. University of Virginia, 1995.
9. Schaffer H. R., Emerson P. E. The development of social attachments in infancy // ...
The sustainability of natural monopoly in regional markets: methodological prerequisites for an analysis
... realization of a regional social and economic policy. The analysis of the reasons of formation of the natural monopolies, having paramount value for the decision of a question on their sustainability, has allowed to allocate their hierarchy and to offer classification of industries — natural monopolies depending on the characteristics defining their sustainability.
1. Baumol W., Panzar J. C., Willig R. D. Contestable Markets and the Theory of Industry Structure. New York. 1982.
2. DiLorenzo T. J....
On distinguishing the measures of constitutional responsibility and other measures of constitutional enforcement imposed upon the executive authorities of constituent entities of the Russian Federation and their officials
This article examines the measures of constitutional responsibility and other measures of constitutional enforcement. The author puts forward several proposals regarding the classification of constitutional enforcement measures imposed on the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and their officials.
1.
Витрук Н.
В.
Общая теория юридической ответственности....
The classification of the Aral and Caspian Sea vegetation
The classification presented covers 3 vegetation types, 14 formation classes, 35 formation groups, 64 formations (57 on the Aral Sea and 45 on the Caspian Sea coast). A comparative phytocoenotic diversity analysis showed close similarity (0,76). Most formations ...
On the antecology of Cerasus, Microcerasus and Amygdalus (Rosaceae)
...
6.
С
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18.
Эзау
К
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Анатомия
растений
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М
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Т
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19.
Payer J.
B
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Paris, 1857. T. 1—2.
20.
Potter D., Eriksson T., Evans R.
Phylogeny and classification of Rosaceae // Plant Sistematics and Evolution. 2007. № 266. P. 5—43.
21.
Takhtajan A.
Diversity and classification of flowering plants. N. Y., 1997.
Yandovka L. F., Tarbayeva V. M.
flower organogenesis, floewring transition phases,...
The typology of procedures of operations with concepts
This article formulates the problems of concept process analysis. The author analyses a set of concept procedures and identifies the bases for their classification. Different classifications of concept procedures are presented in article.
1.
Бойко А.
П.
Логический анализ структуры классификации: автореф. дис. ... канд. филос....
The EU Vs. Russia: Legal Nature and Implementation of the Union’s Restrictive Measures
... take on the EU sanctions against Russia. He aims to understand the legal nature of the EU restrictions, the exact procedure of their implementation, revision, and repeal, as well as their judicial review. To this end, he proposes a system of sanction classification, analyses current EU legislation on the imposition and implementation of sanctions, as well as the case law on the sanction policy. The author also examines EU sanctions imposed on other countries and compares them to the Russian ones. ...
The concepts of enclave and exclave and their use in the political and geographical characteristic of the Kaliningrad region
... world’s enclave territories as objects of political geography; at the same time, their new categories and divisions (international enclave, overseas exclaves, internal enclaves of different levels) are extended and introduced. The author offers a new classification of contemporary and historical enclaves and exclaves. The article identifies the specific features of the Kaliningrad region in comparison to other enclave territories. The difference between the exclavity of the Kaliningrad region in the ...
University performance and regional development: the case of Russia’s North-West
... performance. Thus, there is a need for a new comprehensive model for assessing the performance of universities in Russian regions.
As indicated by the literature review, the functions of universities identified by various authors vary both in terms of their classification and terminology. Therefore, it is necessary, first of all, to specify these functions. Education and research have always been fundamental for higher education institutions. They are enshrined in the missions of most Russian and international ...
Models for countering the segregation of ethnoreligious immigrant areas in Denmark and Sweden
The article explores the immigration and integration strategies of Denmark and Sweden while assessing their efficacy. The two countries, sharing historical, cultural, social and economic similarities, face a common challenge: the formation of ethnoreligious enclaves primarily inhabited by individuals with a Muslim background. Due to the recent European migrant crises, there has been a notable increase in the number of migrants, leading to stricter integration policies in the Scandinavian countries...
Speech features clinical guidelines for patients
The article has identified the main functions of clinical recommendations for patients (presented in written printed form and computer-mediated). It is determined that depending on the dominant function, clinical recommendations for patients can be classified into several types: those containing information about the disease — informative (leading function — informative); created to encourage patients to take care of their own health, engage in disease prevention — persuasive (leading function...
Creative Potential of Artificial Intelligence in the Context of the Idea of the New Enlightenment
... various algorithms for implementing diverse forms of creative activities, including text, image and music generation. Additionally, I present diverse opinions of researchers regarding creativity in AI. To systematise these perspectives, I propose a classification which allows their ranking. The conclusion emphasises that currently the issue of evaluating the creative potential of AI lacks a definitive solution, underscoring the relevance of further research. The future outlook may alter this situation,...
Mass, Community, Communion
... Ethics and Religion. Sovremennye zapiski / Annales contemporaines, 9, pp. 259-283. (In Rus.)
Gurvitch, G., 1937. Morale théorique et science des mœurs. Leurs possibilités, leurs conditions. Paris: Félix Alcan.
Gurvitch, G., 1938a. Essai d’une classification pluraliste des formes de la sociabilité. Annales Sociologiques. Série A. Sociologie Générale, 3, pp. 1-48.
Gurvitch, G., 1938b. Essais de sociologie: Les formes de la sociabilité: Le problème de la conscience collective. La magie ...
The Relationship Between the Individual and the Collective in the Social Philosophy of Georges Gurvitch
... Volf (In Rus.)
Gurvitch, G., 1932. L’idée du droit social. Notion et système du droit social: histoire doctrinale depuis le 17e siècle jusqu’à la fin du 19e siècle. Avec préface de L. Le Fur. Aalen: Scientia.
Gurvitch, G., 1938. Essai d’une classification pluraliste des formes de la sociabilité. Annales sociologiques. Série A. Sociologie générale, 3, pp. 1-48.
Gurvitch, G., 1941. Mass, Community, Communion. The Journal of Philosophy, 38(18), pp. 485-496.
https://doi.org/10.2307/2017118
...
Composition and structure of plant communities in milled peatlands during the post-disturbance successions: a case study from the Rossyanka Carbon Supersite, Kaliningrad, Russia
... low-stature tree stands with varying canopy closure, mainly dominated by Betula pendula, but they exhibit substantial differences in the composition of herb-shrub and moss cover. The described community types are considered as non-hierarchical units in the classification of vegetation cover (at the micro-landscape level). Their identification through electronic and field mapping methods allows for a rapid visualization of the vegetation cover's characteristics on a map and enables its quantitative assessment,...
The modern economy of Russia’s Baltic regions in the municipal context
This article analyses the differentiation of municipalities at the municipal and urban district levels in the Kaliningrad and Leningrad regions based on their economic development and the response of their economies to the crises of 2020 and 2022. Emphasis is placed on the possibilities of conducting such assessments by merging Rosstat statistics with publicly available accounting and tax reporting data from the Federal Tax Service. The contribution also assesses the role of small businesses in municipal...
Priorities for the development of manufacturing industries in the Kaliningrad region
... the conditions of increasing restrictions. After the 11th sanctions package was placed by the EU on 21 June 2023, the restrictions cover, according to our estimates, 1,124 types of goods, specified to from two to eight digits of international trade classification codes. These goods account for 78 % of the imports and 16 % of the exports of Kaliningrad production facilities, as seen in 2021.<12>
This list includes, amongst other things:<13>
‘<…>
Musical instruments, percussion ...
Three Russian Baltic regions in the context of confrontation between Russia and the West
....3
1.21
1.33
2.6
1.6
100
103
123
St. Petersburg
3.53
3.69
4.50
5.45
6.8
7.2
128
152
192
Three regions
5.40
5.69
6.23
7.36
11.8
10.2
115
132
177
Source: compiled by the author based on data from EMISS and Rosstat.<2>
According to the well-known classification by Friedman, St. Petersburg can be classified as a core region, while the Leningrad and Kaliningrad regions can be considered “ascending” (dynamically developing) regions. All three regions exhibit characteristics of regions often referred ...