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• The effect of cross-border fibre-optic transitions on the information and communication connectivity of the Russian cities

  ... can be sent via multiple routes, including those running through the networks of other countries. Cross-border transitions are created to connect the Russian lines with the international networks. The effect of these transitions on the connectivity of the cities has not been analysed earlier, either for Russia or for any other country. Using my own database on the Russian telecommunication lines, the Rosstat data on the cities’ population, and the results of the scanning of the Internet topology, I attempt to assess the effect of these transitions ...

• Modern indicators of urban development: challenges and op­portunities for creating integral approaches to city management

  There is an increasing need for the assessment of urban development rates in the world. In modern Russia, this need is reaffirmed by the transfor­mation of regional economies, the economic acceleration of many major cities, and by the active introduction of strategic management tools (KPI, etc.). The article anal­yses the current indexes and rankings of urban development. The author ex­plored the main methodological approaches to the assessment of the rate of urban ...

• The Tourist and Recreation Potential of Historical Cities in North-West Russia

  ... settlement. This is particularly true for many historical cities, whose economic resources have been curtailed. This study provides a rationale for a more efficient use of the tourist and recreational potential to boost the socio-economic development of Russia’s historical cities. The article describes problems of the cities’ development using the country’s North-West as an example. The authors explore factors behind the formation of a new development strategy for historical cities and analyse conditions necessary for ...

• Trends in population change and the sustainable socio-economic development of cities in North-West Russia

  The Northwestern Federal District is a Russian macro-region that is a unique example of a model region. It accounts for 10 % of the country’s total area and 9.5 % of its population. This article aims to trace the patterns of city distribution across the region, to assess the conditions of differently populated cities and towns, and to identify sustainability trends in their socio-economic development. Population change is a reliable indicator of the competitiveness of a city. As a rule, a growing city performs well economically and has a favourable investment ...

• Twin cities: a new form of cross-border cooperation in the Baltic Sea Region?

  ... the first attempt in Russian political studies to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the “twin city” movement as a form of cross-border cooperation in the Baltic... ... municipal units in international cooperation, on the one hand, and aspirations of frontier cities and towns in the Baltic region to solve common problems together, on the other... .... A. 1999, Regionalizacija Rossii: rol' mezhdunarodnyh faktorov [Regionalization of Russia: the role of international factors], Polis, no. 3, p. 76—88. 8. Smirnova, S...

• Saint Petersburg as a Global Coastal City: Positioning in the Baltic Region

  The Baltic region consists of coastal areas of nine countries — Russia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, and Finland. The region’s hubs are the port cities located along the Baltic Sea coast. However, Peter Taylor and Saskia Sassen’s classification identifies higher status cities and ‘global cities’, which are to be considered in the global context. Seven coastal regions are distinguished within ...

• Modern Hanseatic Trends in the Baltic Region

  ... and historical research on the strengths and weaknesses of the Hanseatic League. Unfortunately, in the 21st century, the Baltic region turned into a stage for geopolitical controversies. This took a toll on the efficiency of cooperation between the cities of Russia’s North-West and their Baltic counterparts. Therefore, it is important to seize the opportunities provided by the information society and focus on the innovative areas of regional cooperation. An interesting example is the partnership between ...

• Semi-Medium-Sized cities of North-West Russia as drivers for regional development

  The article discusses the semi-medium-sized cities (with a population from 20 to 50 thousand people) and their functions in five regions of the North-West Federal District of the Russian Federation; the socio-economic areas formed by the semi-medium-sized cities are clearly represented. As an example, five semi-medium-sized cities of the Kaliningrad region are considered, the role of each ...

• An “ideal city”, its statics and dynamics

  The article develops an ‘ideal city’ theme and focuses on the relationships of its statics and dynamics in a mobile local-global context. The author offers the ... ... inter­disci­plinary approach to designing and constructing an ‘ideal city’ model in Russia and everywhere. Such interdisciplinary research and development teams of the... ... Wasted Lives. Modernity and its Outcasts. Cambridge, 2004. 10. Howard E. The Garden Cities of Tomorrow. L., 1965. 11. Kaldor M. New and Old Wars: Organized Violence in...

• The comparative aspects of breeding bird fauna in Kaliningrad and other European cities

  ... Konigsberg; B., 1941. 15. Парейгис В. В. Хохлатые жаворонки в г. Клайпеде // Acta ornithologica Lituanica.1989. Vol. 1. P. 134. 16. Konstantinov V. M., Nowicki W., Pichurin A. G. Recent changes in the avifauna of cities in European Russia and Eastern Poland results of a questionnaire // Acta ornithologica. 1996. Vol. 31 (1). P. 59—66. 17. Luniak M. Warsaw // Birds in European cities / eds. J. G. Kelcey, G. Reinwald.St. Katharinen, 2005. P. 389—415. 18. Лыков Е. Л. Гнездящиеся ...

• A Situational Approach to Strategic Management and Monitoring of Regional and Urban Development

  ... Zhyharevych, Ye. S. (ed.), 2012, Strategicheskoe planirovanie v regionah i gorodah Rossii: resursy dlja razvitija / Doklady uchastnikov jubilejnogo H Obshherossijskogo foruma liderov strategicheskogo planirovanija [Strategic planning in the regions and cities of Russia: Resources for Development / reports of the participants of the anniversary X All-Russia Forum of Strategic Planning Leaders], St. Petersburg 17—19 October, 2011, St. Petersburg, Leont'evskij centr, 152 p. 5. Global City Indicators Facility,...

• Tourist attractiveness of Kaliningrad

  The article focuses on the tourist attractiveness ranking for cities in the world and in Russia. It also refers to an opinion poll on touristic attractiveness of Kaliningrad among residents and tourists. The city has been evaluated on various criteria. It helped to identify the most popular leisure and recreational activities. 1. Анциферов Н. П. Непостижимый город… / сост....

• The role of International trade in improving the competitiveness of Saint Petersburg

  This article aims to explore the prospects for the development of international trade and the impact of trade on increasing competitiveness of Saint ... ... 1. Anholt, S. 2007, Competitive Identity. The New Brand Management for Nations. Cities and regions, London, 128 p. 2. Avraham, E., Ketter, E. 2007, Media Strategies... ... Vladimirsky, I. 2016, All car factories on the CIS map: how does the car industry in Russia and the near abroad live? AvtoRevyu, no. 6, available at: https://autoreview...

• Population Change in the Neighbouring Regions of Russia and the European Union States

  ... demographic situation, which, however, differs from place to place. To attain the aims of the study, I analyse official data from Russian and EU statistical offices and map the results obtained. I identify significant differences between border regions and cities. The most adverse demographic situation is observed in the borderlands of the Baltics, a slightly better one in Poland and Finland. As to Russia’s border regions, a population increase is characteristic of Saint Petersburg and the Leningrad and Kaliningrad regions. Yet, a number of cities in the immediate vicinity of the border face a population decline. The demographic situation could ...

• Countries of the Baltic Region in the Global Culinary Space

  ... (In Russ.) 5. Rakhmanov, A. B. 2016, Global culinary space and its empirical research, Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta. Serija 12. Sociologija, no. 4. (In Russ.) 6. Rakhmanov, A. B. 2017, Global culinary space and gastronomical strategies of cities of Russia, EKO, no. 3, p. 91—103. (In Russ.) 7. Tripadvisor. Russia, 2017, available at: http: // http://www.tripadvisor.ru/ (accessed 24.01.2017). 8. Aguilar-Rodríguez, S. 2007, Cooking Modernity: Nutrition Policies, Class, and Gender in 1940s and ...

• The Baltics and Russian North-West: the Core and the Periphery in the 2000s

  .... 108—129. 5. Karachurina, L. B., Mkrtchyan, N. V. 2013, Izmenenie chislennosti naselenija administrativnyh rajonov i gorodov Rossii (1989—2010 gg.): centro-periferijnye vzaimodejstvija [Changes in the population of administrative districts and cities of Russia (1989—2010): Center-periphery interaction], Voprosy geografii [Questions of geography], T. 135 (Geography of Population and Social Geography), p. 82—107. 6. Karachurina, L. B., Mkrtchyan, N. V. 2012, Migracionnaja podvizhnost' molodezhi i ...

• Regional Geographic Information Systems of Health and Environmental Monitoring

  ... assessment of impact of the polluted environment on health of the person. A grant on regional environmental policy], Moscow, 268 p. (In Russ.) 24. Kasymov, N. S. 2014, Regiony i goroda Rossii: integral'naya ocenka ehkologicheskogo sostoyaniya [Regions and cities of Russia: integrated assessment of an ecological state], Moscow, 560 p. (In Russ.) 25. Sturman, V. I. 2003, EHkologicheskoe kartografirovanie [Ecological mapping], Moscow, 251 p. (In Russ.) 26. Tigeev, A. A. 2009, Structure of regional ecological GIS of ...

• The coastalisation of population in today’s Russia: A sociogeographical explication

  ... http://csr-nw.ru/files/csr/file_category_169.pdf (accessed 07.01.2017). (In Russ.) 39. Forecast of long-term socio-economic development of the Russian Federation until 2030, 2013, Moscow, available atL http://government.ru/media/files/41d457592e04b76338b7.pdf (accessed 07.01.2017). (In Russ.) Druzhinin A. G. coastal cities, population change, maritime complex, cross-border contacts, Russia 19-30 https://doi.org/10.5922/2079-8555-2017-2-2

• Methods for assessing the quality of life of Russian urban youth

  ... Поколение Z: эго и технологии // The Question. 2018. 31 янв. URL: https://thequestion . ru/compilation/392/pokolenie-z-ego-i-tekhnologii (дата об­ращения: 26.12.2018). Berezhikhin F. F. urban assessment method, youth, cities of Russia, municipal gov­ernments, medium and small cities, quality of life 35-46

• Changes in the Population Distribution and Transport Network of Saint Petersburg

  ... population growth, changes in the population gravity centre, the standard deviational ellipse and characteristics of the street network centrality show that Saint Petersburg is at the final stage of urbanization and its development pattern is similar to that of other major cities. 1. Druzhinin, A. G. 2014, Mother countries and metropolisation in contemporary Russia: conceptual approaches in political and geographical contexts, Izv. RAN. Ser. geogr, no. 1, p.19—27. (In Russ.) 2. Lachininskij, S. S., Semenova, I. V. 2015, Sankt-Peterburgskij primorskij region: geoehkonomicheskaya transformaciya territorii ...

• Spatial planning in the European Union and the Russian Federation

  ... Moscow, 480 p. 7. Lexin, V., Karacharovskiy, V. 2007, Prichiny i posledstvija sverhkoncentracii jekonomicheskogo i social'nogo potencialov Rossii v ejo krupnyh gorodah [Causes and consequences of over-concentration of economic and social potential of Russia in its major cities], Rossijskij jekonomicheskij zhurnal [Russian Economics Journal], no. 1—2, p. 26—46. 8. Osnovopolagajushhie principy ustojchivogo prostranstvennogo razvitija Evropejskogo kontinenta i mery po ih realizacii [Guiding Principles for Sustainable ...

• Russia’s Coastal Zone as a Social and Geographic Phenomenon: Conceptualisation and Delimitation

  This article defines coastal zones as a priority subject of studies in social geography and interprets coastalisation of population and economy ... ... the development of a coastal zone. The author stresses the inverted coastalisation in Russia at the macro- and meso-levels and identifies its causes. The article defines... ... Management, T. 32, Vol. 3, p. 297—313. 17. Verhetsel, A., Sel, S. 2009, World maritime cities: From which cities do container shipping companies make decisions? Transport...

• Social and Economic Space Compression in Border Areas: the Case of the Northwestern Federal District

  .... Ioffe, G., Nefedova, Т. 2000, Kvazitjunenovskij landshaft v regionah Rossii [Kvazityunenovsky landscape in the regions of Russia]. In: Rossijskie regiony i centr: vzaimodejstvie v jekonomicheskom prostranstve [Russian regions and the center: cooperation ... ... Informacionnaja jepoha: jekonomika, obshhestvo i kul'tura [The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture], Moscow, Higher School of Economics. 6. Klimat gorodov Rossii [Climate Russian cities], Atlas Yakutia, available at: http://atlas-jakutia.ru/weather/spravochnik/spravochnik.html (accessed 02.02.2015). 7. ...

• The influence of the sea on the economic development and settlement structure in the Baltic Sea region

  Earliest studies into the influence of the sea on the economy and settlement structure date back to the mid-19th century.... ... coastal territories of the World Ocean], St. Petersburg. (In Russ.) 8. Cargo turnover of Russia's seaports for January-December 2015, 2016, Association of Sea Commercial Ports... ... 393—404. 38. Kasanko, M., Barredo, J. I., Lavalle, C. et al. 2006, Are European Cities Becoming Dispersed? A Comparative Analysis of Fifteen European Urban Areas, Landscape...

• Large business in the coastal zones of Russia: features and factors of localisation

  ... coastal zones are most attractive to Russian large businesses. Special attention is paid here to the Baltic Sea and the exclave of Kaliningrad where both local (Sodruzhestvo and Avtotor) and interregional/transnational companies (United Shipbuilding Corporation,... ... etc.) are benefitting from the coastal factor in the socio-economic development. Druzhinin A. G. coastal zone, coastal cities, Russia, large business, maritime complex, regional development, Baltic region 136-151 10.5922/2079-8555-2019-4-8

• Innovation centres as growth points for smaller towns and rural areas

  ....ru/novosti-2/zakon-o-promyshlennoj-politike-rasshiryaet-obyazannosti-i-uvelichivaet-zonu-otvetstvennosti-regionalnoj-vlasti-2528972311/ (accessed 20 April 2012). 6. Pasport social'no-jekonomicheskogo polozhenija gorodov Rossii za 2010 god [Passport of the socio-economic status of cities of Russia for 2010], 2011, Kaliningrad, Territorial'nyj organ Federal'noj sluzhby gosudarstvennoj statistiki po Kaliningradskoj oblasti, 181 p. 7. Plenarnoe zasedanie «Vyzovy novogo desjatiletija: postroenie regional'noj innovacionnoj jekosistemy» [Plenary ...

• Geography of knowledge: clus­te­ring national competence centres of Russia

  While transiting to an innovation economy, cities are the most important centres of concentration of intellectual capital. However, their distribution around the territory of the country is not even. Various ... ... knowledge and their number in the Russian Federation regions is assessed. The most im­portant clusters of research centres in Russia have been identified. 1. Бискэ Ю. С., Конопелько Д. Л., Фидаев Д. Т., Захарьева ...

• Identifying Key Stakeholder Groups for Implementing a Place Branding Policy in Saint Petersburg

  ... competitive resource for forging partnerships. An effective place branding policy is impossible without a precise understanding of the interests of stakeholder groups. It is essential to realize that each region is unique in its own way. Territories differ ... ... p. 90—98. (in Russ.) 3. Grinchel, B. M. 2007, Assessment of the competitive potential of the regions of the North-West of Russia, Ekonomika Severo-Zapada: problemyi i perspektivyi razvitiya [Economics of the North-West: Problems and Prospects for Development],...

• The effect of railway network evolution on the Kaliningrad region’s landscape environment

  This article addresses methodology of modern landscape studies from the perspective of natural and man-made components of a territory. Railway infrastructure is ... ... first half of the twentieth century]. In: Gorod i derevnja v Evropejskoj Rossii: sto let peremen [City and village in European Russia: one hundred years of change], Moscow, p. 230 -232. 12. Maksakovskii, V. P. 2008, Geograficheskaja kartina mira [The ...

• Sociocultural potential for the development of Russia’s ethnocultural centres

  The article describes various methodological approaches to studying the centres of ethnocultural regions. The author introduces the notion of sociocultural potential of a city, offers a methodology for its assessment and analyses the results of the assessment of Russia’s ethnocultural regions. 1. Арутюнян Ю. В., Дробижева Л. М., Сусоколов А. А. Этносоциология. М., 1998. 2. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010. Т. 4. Национальный ...

• Geodemography of the Saint Petersburg Suburbs

  In this article, we analyse the structure and the development dynamics of the Saint Petersburg suburbs — home to over 1.6 million people. To this end, we employ statistical, historical, and empirical ... ... border between Saint Petersburg and the Leningrad region — a product of the territory’s development in the Soviet period of Russia’s history. The lengthy process of border formation has given it a peculiar character. The most vibrant and attractive ...

• The concepts of citizenship and estate in Russian history — conti­nuity and / or intermittence

  ... old class stratification system had to be changed. In the first month after the Revolution, the Bolsheviks officially abolished estates, titles and ranks. Under the 1918 Constitution of the RSFSR, the concept “class” became a legal term in Soviet Russia. Only “workers” received political rights and thus full citizenship. The official civil status or citi­zenship was an integral part of the ideology of workers and “exploited” classes as opposed to “non-working, bourgeois elements”. The idea of citizenship ceased to depend on territory and nationality. As a result, a group of people was legally deprived of citizenship while ...

• The dynamics of agricultural land use in the North-West of Rus­sia and the Baltic countries

  The agricultural land dynamics is one of the central issues of land use in Europe and Russia. Each historical period is characterized by its own model of agricultural land use. The analysis of its dynamics in the ... ... Agglomeration and regional growth // Hender­son J. V., Thisse J. F. (eds.). Handbook of regional and urban economics. Vol. 4 : Cities and geography. North Holland, 2004. 13. Balland P.-A., Belso-Martínez J. A., Morrison A. The Dynamics of Technical and ...

• Saint-Petersburg in the Baltic Sea region

  The article describes the place of St Petersburg in international cooperation in the Baltic Sea region and the role ... ... the Baltic Sea Region. London : Taylor and Fran­cis, 1993. 18. Khudoley K. K. Russia and NATO: What Expects Us in the Future // Chal­lenges to International Relations... ... international relations, the Council of Baltic Sea States (CBSS), the Union of the Baltic Cities, the Northern Dimension 54-64 10.5922/2079-8555-2009-1-6

• Monotowns: A Quantitative Analysis

  The authors propose an empirical analysis of the current situation in monotowns. The study questions the perceived seriousness ... ... Rossii: rezul'taty za 9 mesjacev 2015 g.» [Analytical review PwC «Automotive market of Russia: results for the first 9 months of 2015"], 2015, available at: https://www... ... Streletskiy, D. 2012, Living in the New North: Migration to and from Russian Arctic Cities, Focus on Geography, T. 55, Vol. 3, p. 77—89. 27. Ramamohan Rao T. V. S. Estimating...

• The Baltic Sea region and increasing international tension

  For many years, the Baltic Sea region stood out for its remarkable stability. The dramatic changes following the end of the Cold War did not have a profound effect on the territory. However, Russia's cooperation with other states in the Baltic Sea region began to lose momentum. This paper discusses the negative effects of the Ukrainian and Syrian crises and the increasing tension between Russia and other countries in the Baltic Sea region....

• Similarities and differences in curricula of a bachelor’s degree in oceanology at the universities in St Petersburg, Klaipeda, and Kaliningrad

  ... socioeconomic development], Strategicheskoe planirovanie v regionah i gorodah Rossii: strategija modernizacii i modernizacija strategij. Doklady uchastnikov IX Obwerossijskogo Foruma liderov strategicheskogo planirovanija [Strategic planning in the regions and cities of Russia: a strategy of modernization and upgrading strategies. Reports of the IX All-Russia Forum of Strategic Planning Leaders]. St. Petersburg, 18—19 October 2010, St. Petersburg, Leontief Centre, pp. 119—122. 20. Mikhailov, V. N., Dobrovolsky, А....

• Key Strategies of Development of Research Tools and Methods for Marine Spatial Planning

  ... coastal areas]. In: Zhyharevych, B. S. (ed.). Strategicheskoe planirovanie v regionah i gorodah Rossii. Doklady uchastnikov IX Obshherossijskogo foruma «Strategicheskoe planirovanie v regionah i gorodah Rossii» [Strategic planning in the regions and cities of Russia. Reports the IX All-Russian Forum "Strategic planning in the regions and cities of Russia"], St. Petersburg, Leont'evskij centr, p. 115—119. 3. Belousov, A. R. 2006, Scenarii social'no-jekonomicheskogo razvitija Rossii na pjatnadcatiletnjuju ...

• The history of the integration between Russia’s Kaliningrad region and Poland’s northeastern voivodeships: A programme approach

  This article considers the development of integration between Russia’s Kaliningrad region and Poland’s northeastern voivodeships in 1946—2016. The authors set out to identify the main results of Russian-Polish cross-border cooperation in the context of the changing historical and political paradigms in the ...

• Monotowns: A New Take on the Old Problem

  The authors of this paper propose an approach to studying risk management in the most vulnerable ... ... srednie goroda: nauchno-teoreticheskie aspekty issledovanija [Small and medium-sized cities: scientific and theoretical aspects of the study], Ekaterinburg; Perm, 105 p... ... gorodov Rossii [Ways to enhance the socioeconomic development of single-industry towns of Russia], Biblioteka mestnogo samoupravlenija [Library of local government], no. 54,...

• A spatial study of networking in the Vistula Lagoon region using geoinformation systems

  ... kak obekt strategii KUPZ regiona [Vistula Lagoon as the object of an ICZM strategy in the region], In: XI Obshherossijskij forum «Strategicheskoe planirovanie v regionah i gorodah Rossii» [XI All-Russian Forum "Strategic Planning in Regions and Cities of Russia"], Saint Petersburg, Russia, 2012, available at: http://datis.pro/upload/838/domnina_zhuraxovskaya_gritsenko.pdf (accessed 10 September 2013). 8. Opportunities and Benefits of Joint Use of the Vistula Lagoon, available at: http://vilaproject....

• Natural Increase in the Baltic South and South-West

  ... article analyses the natural population increase (decrease) in the postcommunist part of Baltic Europe (the federated state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, West Pomeranian... ... //Vestnik Analityki. 2004. N 3(17). P. 4—24. 9. Cockerham W. C. Health lifestyles in Russia // Social Science & Medicine.2000. № 51. P. 1313—1324. 10. Europa Wschodnia... ... P. de. Russophones in Latvia: a geopolitical approach // Multicultural Regions and Cities. Region and Regionalism / eds. M. Koter, K. Heffner.1999. № 4. P. 56—62....

• The phenomenology of Pushkin’s ‘universal sympathy (based on ‘Аscene from ‘Faust’, ‘The feast in the time of plague’, and ‘the Wanderer’)

  This article attempts to approach the discovery of what Dostoevsky called Pushkin’s ‘great secret’. In his essay ‘Pushkin’, Dostoevsky wrote that the poet had ‘a ... ... and poetry. The hermeneutics of poetry is also dealt with in its connection to the hermeneutics of faith within the context of Russia’s and Western Eu­rope’s eschatological objectives, which shaped the cultural codes of the two territories. Vatsuro,...

• Transboundary Clusters in the Coastal Zones of the European Part of Russia: Inventory, Typology, Factors, and Prospects

  This article presents an inventory and a typology of the existing and emerging economic clusters in the coastal zone of the European part of Russia. The authors hold that transboundary clustering takes priority in the Baltic coastal region — nine of the 56 clusters identified are located in the Kaliningrad region and another eight in Saint Petersburg and the Leningrad region. The authors ...

• The “Polish question” in Soviet-German relations in the second half of the 1920s (based on the materials of the USSR consulate in Königsberg)

  On the basis of earlier unknown documents of the Soviet consulate in Königsberg retrieved from the Archive of the Foreign Policy of the Russian ... ... years 1918—1939: Motives and consequences of external non-political decisions]. In: Rossija i Germanija v gody vojny i mira [Russia and Germany during the war and peace], Mosxow, Geya, p. 26—95. 3. Sovetsko-pol'skie otnoshenija v politicheskih uslovijah ...

• Problems of the development of pre-agglomeration (semiperipheral) municipalities on the example of the Gvardeysk urban district

  The influence of agglomeration processes on nearby territories in the modern realities of spatial development of Russia is updated every day. The formation of growth points and the relationship between the center and the periphery affects both economic and social issues, and therefore there is a need to analyze the ongoing economic and demographic processes in municipalities ...

• Between accomplice and victim: Civilians during the siege of Kö- nigsberg in 1945

  The paper analyses the role of the civilian population during the siege of Fortress Königsberg between late January and April 1945. It will discuss the scope ... ... Tilitzki Ch. Alltag in Ostpreussen 1940—45. Die geheimen Lageberichte der Königsberger Justiz. Würzburg, 2003. 38. Werth A. Russia at war 1941—1945. L., 1964. 39. Wieck M. Königsberg, Zeugnis vom Untergang einer Stadt. Augsburg, 1998. 40. Yelton D....

• Cross-Border Tourist Routes: The Potential of Russia’s North- West

  ... Russia’s North-West. Designing and developing transboundary tourist routes is a step towards a transboundary tourist space. The author outlines avenues towards the development of transboundary tourist routes and transboundary tourism in the border regions of Russia’s North-West. 1. Ambrose, I., Balmas, S., Barragán Iturriaga, A. 2013, Accessible Routes in Historical Cities: Best Practice Guide, European Foundation Centre, Brussels, Belgium. p. 38. 2. Baltic Culture and Tourism Route Fortresses, 2007, Results of trans-national cooperation in INTERREG-III-B project 2005—2007, Berlin, p. 146. 3. Bâtea (Bota), C....

• Modern understanding of ‘geoeconomic position’ and the Saint Petersburg agglomeration

  ... geografii [Questions of geography], no. 38, p. 105—130. 6. Lappo, G. M. 1997, Geografija gorodov [The Geografiya of the cities], Moscow. 7. Artobolevsky, S. S. 2012, Tochka zrenija: Rossijskaja regional'naja politika:modernizacija ili deformacija prostranstva [The Point of view: Russian regional policy: modernization or space deformation], Sovremennye proizvoditel'nye sily [Modern productive ... ... After Geopolitics? From the Geopolitical Social to Geoeconomics, Antipode, Vol. 41, no. 1, p. 33. 9. Lachininskii, S. S. 2013, Russia’s energy policy in the Baltic region: a geoeconomic approach, Baltic region, no. 2, p. 12—21. doi: 10.5922/2079-8555-2013-2-2....