The adaptation of Russian regions’ economies to the rupture of relations with Europe: the case of Baltic Sea ports
Despite the sweeping economic sanctions imposed by Western countries, Russia has managed to avoid a significant recession, experiencing recovery growth. The situation in the regions earlier involved in cooperation with Europe was more complicated. Yet, these territories have also succeeded in reviving ...
Models for countering the segregation of ethnoreligious immigrant areas in Denmark and Sweden
... illustrated by the Migrant Integration Policy Index (MIPEX) of 2020. According to MIPEX, Sweden is in the top three in the world for the effectiveness of immigration policy with 86 points,<2> while Denmark’s position in this system is the lowest among Western European countries with only 49 points.<3> If in Sweden all index indicators are ‘favourable’ — over 80 points, except for the ‘family reunion’ indicator which is 71 points, then in Denmark none of the indicators reaches the highest ...
The Accession of Finland and Sweden to NATO: Geopolitical implications for Russia’s position in the Baltic Sea region
... maximum rapprochement with NATO. Among them, in particular, is the former Prime Minister of Sweden Carl Bildt, one of the principal architects of the EU Eastern Partnership program, aimed at dragging the European countries of the former USSR into the Western orbit. After the start of the Russian military operation in Ukraine, Bildt became a vociferous supporter of Sweden’s and Finland’s accession to NATO, arguing that in their new status, they could significantly change the European security architecture ...
Three Russian Baltic regions in the context of confrontation between Russia and the West
... Kaliningrad region — amid the sharply heightened confrontation between Russia and the West, which has affected the Baltic region. The time frame spanning from 2014 to 2023 was chosen for the study. This period encompasses the sanctions imposed by Western countries and their associations, primarily the EU, in response to the return of Crimea and Sevastopol to Russia, and extends up to the present day, when the relations between Russia and the West, as many experts and politicians have emphasised,...
Confiscation Estonian style: legal and political aspects of potential seizure of Russian assets in EU countries
The possible confiscation of Russian assets by Western countries is one of the serious challenges to modern international law and the system of international relations. Since the greater part of the frozen assets is under the jurisdiction of EU countries, special attention should be paid to studying ...
The Swedish institute’s scholarship policy as a soft power instrument
... reactions. There has been a contentious debate surrounding the role of scholarship support in aligning the grantee with the foreign policy and soft power of the donor country. Following the Ukrainian crisis and subsequent tensions between Russia and Western nations, critical narratives began to emerge regarding Nordic foundations and their activities in Russia’s North-Western Federal District. For example, Norwegian programmes were found to be closely intertwined with the soft power strategies ...
Population change and the settlement system transformation in Poland, as revealed by the 2021 census
... natural decline was primarily attributed to the ageing population in most European countries.
Although these geodemographic transformation trends were general for Europe, there were significant variations across its different regions, including Northern, Western, Southern, and Eastern Europe, as well as across individual states and regions within them. The geodemographic changes in the post-socialist countries of Eastern Europe appear particularly interesting. In the 30 years since the demise of the USSR ...
Military and political cooperation between Germany and Lithuania in the late 2010s to early 2020s
... defender of Lithuanian national sovereignty. Yet, there was a notable lack of strategic focus from Germany towards Lithuania in the early 21st century, contributing to a decline in bilateral relations in 2014 and 2015. Amid the confrontation between the ‘Western democracies’ and Russia, Germany adopted a strategy of gradually but steadily increasing pressure on the opponent. The perception of this approach by Lithuanian elites has shifted from negative in the mid-2010s to increasingly positive as Germany ...
Geopolitical regionalisation of the Baltic area: the essence and historical dynamics
... comprehensive and significant phenomena. The Baltic Sea coast is home to at least two local civilizations, as described in Samuel Huntington’s model, with national and supranational (EU) identities dominating. Moreover, the Baltic and contemporary Western civilizations belong to different hierarchical levels. Therefore, the modern Baltic regional community is an inter-civilizational territorial phenomenon or a sub-civilization. Perhaps the historians and cultural scholars behind the Circum-Baltic ...
The border as a barrier and an incentive for the structural economic transformation of the Kaliningrad exclave
... Lithuania and Poland, to NATO and the EU in 2003—2004 further complicated interactions between the region and other Russian territories as they are now determined by not only bilateral agreements but the entire spectrum of relations between Russia and the Western community.
In this study, our objective is to analyse the effects of geopolitical shifts and resulting changes in border functions and regime on the Kaliningrad region’s economy, its structure, and its ability to adapt to new challenges. Additionally,...
The geopolitical effect of the maritime factor on the spatial development of post-Soviet Russia: the Baltic case
... intensified [26]. Russia’s maritime activity, however, was becoming more internationalised, with a visible westernisation tendency. Particularly, it depended on third states for market outlets, logistics, services and technology, which contributed to the Western tilt characteristic of the country’s spatial development.
At the subnational level, coastalisation or the shift towards an oceanic economy, as Pyotr Savitsky termed the process a century ago, is evident in the active engagement of coastal territories ...
Evangelical Lutheran church of Denmark: socio-economic and territorial-organisational aspects
... However, its attractiveness to migrants from non-Western countries and their descendants was unexpected (Table 3), since there are no Lutheran traditions present in most countries of their origin. The relative popularity of membership among migrants from Western countries and their descendants can be attributed to their ethnic background. As of the beginning of 2022, 5.1 % of migrants in Denmark identified as Germans, 2.4 % as Norwegians, 2.3 % as Swedes, 1.2 % as Icelanders, and 0.6 % as Finns.
1
Table ...
Societal security in the Baltic Sea Region: the Russian perspective
... For example, the Law on Security of the Russian Federation (1992) defines the very notion of security, “Security is freedom from internal and external threats to the vital interests of the individual, society and state.”<1> In line with the Western political thought, the authors of the document singled out not only state and military security, but also the economic, social, information, and ecological aspects of it. In contrast to the Soviet legislation, which had focused on state or Communist ...
Geopolitical Security of Russia: Remarks on the Problem Statement
... considering threats and vulnerabilities.
The main threats are:
1. In geographical space: military aggression of NATO countries and, more broadly, the countries of the “collective West” against our country, expressed in military actions in Ukraine using western weapons, western instructors and western PMCs, as well as possible NATO’s military expansion to the Union State of Russia and Belarus [27], [28].
2. In the economic space: sanctions against Russia.
3. In the ideological space: ideological subversion ...
Coastal and western border centers in the system of large cities of modern Russia: socio-economic and innovation development.
... reflects the results of a study of large Russian cities (with a population of more than 100 thousand people, as well as smaller cities with the status of regional capitals), emphasizing two strategically important groups: coastal centers and cities of the Western borderlands of Russia. Having applied economic-statistical analysis for 6 indicators (average salaries and per capita measures of the number of organizations and enterprises, retail trade turnover and public catering, commissioning of houses ...
Economic development of Russia’s north-western regions and migration to the St. Petersburg agglomeration
This article aims to analyse the development of Russia’s North-Western Federal District (NWFD) regions between 1998 and 2021, based on data from Rosstat. It focuses on how the territories responded to migration to the St. Petersburg agglomeration in the early 21st century and compares their progress with the cores of the St. Petersburg, Moscow, and Helsinki agglomerations. For building the models, regions with similar development dynamics were divided into four sectors: St. Petersburg, the Leningrad...
France’s strategy in the Baltic region: military and political aspects
... problems and prospects for the Paris— Rome axis [17]. The close relationship between the Fifth Republic and Germany [18], [19], the French leadership’s attempts to form alliances with Greece [20], as well as France’s efforts to exert influence in the Western Balkans [21], are among many other topics that also attract attention. But despite a certain number of studies, it is clear that the strategy of France in the Baltic is usually of little interest to researchers. Among the few works on this topic ...
The economy of Russian Baltic regions: development level and dynamics, structure and international trade partners
..., [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14] looks at the dynamics, possibilities and prospects of the formation of a Baltic macro-region as a cohesive socio-economic whole.
The deterioration of relations between Russia and Western Europe has provoked a surge of publications examining the conflict dynamics of the region. The sanctions policy of Western countries against Russia has caused trade between Russia’s Baltic regions and the other states of the Baltic macro-region ...
Typology of small towns in the western borderland regions of Russia
... urban agglomerations in the development of any region, it should be noted that small towns perform their equally important function as reference points in the regional framework of the settlement system. In strategic regions, like the ones of the Western borderland, small towns, inter alia, become significant for ensuring national interests along the state border of Russia. The article presents the author's version of the typology of small towns in the Western borderlands of Russia, based on the ...
One Belt - One Road Initiative: A Window of Opportunity for Russia’s Western Border Regions
... One Belt — One Road initiative implementation, based on the Chinese and Russian studies. Another goal is to weigh up the risks and benefits associated with the extension of the project to Russian territories. Special attention is paid to Russia’s western borderlands — 17 regions that account for 8.6 % of the country’s territory, 17.4 % of the total GRP, and 20.8 % of the national population. We analyse the factors in effect — including geopolitical ones, as well as current trends in the ...
Western border regions of Russia: delimitation, structure, typology
This article is devoted to the western border regions of Russia, which play an important role in terms of history, geopolitics, geoeconomy, culture, and mindset. Relying on the interpretations of ‘border’, ‘frontier’, and ‘borderlands’, which are traditional for Russian ...
Islamic Diffusion in the Baltics: The Fruit of European Multiculturalism
This article considers Western Europe as a principal centre that has been attracting migrants over recent decades, primarily, in the aftermath of the Arab Spring. The Baltic region states are chosen for demonstration. Although they have different proportions of Muslim immigrants,...
Between nation and gender: History of beards in Western Europe and Russia, 1830—1880
This article focuses on the increasing popularity of beards in Western Europe and Russia in the 1830s—1880s. The main hypotheses explaining this phenomenon in Western Europe are analysed and the Western and Russian practices compared. It is concluded that, from the mid-19th century, the beard was a symbol of national ...
Sanctions risks and regional development: Russian case
... possible not only because of targeted actions but also due to emergency situations.
After 2022, Russia has been a subject to an unprecedented number of sanctions [3] from the United States, the European Union (EU), Japan, Australia, Canada, and most Western countries. Various types of financial restrictions have been introduced, including refusal to lend, invest and insure cargo, export of certain goods and energy resources, and import of certain goods, including high technologies among many others....
Priorities for the development of manufacturing industries in the Kaliningrad region
... geopolitical environment that evolved after the collapse of the USSR. Kaliningrad scholars published on the theory of transboundary regions, whilst striving to link theoretical insights with economic practice [1], [2]. Mutual ties were also the focus of Western researchers [3], [4]. The book Kaliningrad in Europe, published at the initiative of the Council of Europe, provided a platform for Russian and Polish scholars to discuss various aspects of cooperation [5]. However, some of the regional strategy ...
Spatial differentiation of rural territories in the Kaliningrad region: implications for socio-economic policies
... the rural population of the Kaliningrad region is growing. This growth is facilitated by an influx of individuals from other parts of Russia and other countries. Following the polarisation theory, population growth is driven by municipalities in the western part of the oblast, while eastern rural territories are losing population due to both natural decline (common to the oblast as a whole) and migration. Eastern municipalities have the demographic potential to increase the working-age population,...
The ‘Route from the Varangians to the Greeks’: truth or fiction
... watershed sections of the ‘route from the Varangians to the Greeks’. The central result of the research is the reconstruction of the hydrological features and hydrographic situation of the watershed between the basins of the Neva (River Lovat) and the Western Dvina (River Usvyacha) during the existence of the ‘route from the Varangians to the Greeks’. This reconstruction and the study of the watershed territories, the system of land communication routes and toponymic features of this territory ...
Center-peripheral dimension of innovative security in the Western border regions of Russia (the case of the Rostov region)
... концептуализации, оценке и мониторингу // Вопросы инновационной экономики. 2020. № 1. С. 291—306.
9. Mikhaylova A.A., Gorochnaya V.V. Diffusion of innovations in coastal agglomerations of Western Russia: Kaliningrad and Rostov regions' experience // The 13th International Days of Statistics and Economics. Conference Proceedings. September 5—7, 2019. Prague, Czech Republic. Edited by: Tomáš Löster, Tomáš Pavelka. Libuše Macáková,...
Some features of external migration processes in the coastal regions of the Western borderlands of Russia
The combination of two major economic and geographical factors — the presence of the border and access to the sea — largely determine the features of socio-economic development of the coastal regions of the Western borderlands of Russia and, as a consequence, the migration processes here. The purpose of the article is to identify the importance of these factors for migration in the coastal regions of the Western borderlands of Russia. The study showed that ...
Knowledge and innovation dynamics of the Northwest Russia under geopolitical changes
... India, Belarus, Turkey) countries.
The regions of the second group have a somewhat more modest geography of scientific relations — from 88 (the Murmansk region) to 116 (the Kaliningrad region) countries. These regions’ scientific collaboration with Western countries was stable until 2022. In the top 25 countries by the number of joint publications, friendly and neutral countries accounted for only seven in the Arkhangelsk, five in the Kaliningrad, three in the Murmansk regions, and four in the Republic ...
Estonian ‘Balticness’ as a social construct: meanings and contextual specifics
... notes that, in Estonian, the word Baltimaad is used in a very narrow sense, namely, to refer to the Baltic States – Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, while the Estonian term for the Baltic Sea region states is Läänemeremaad (literally, countries of the Western Sea) [5, р. 67]. Presumably, the word Baltimaad comes from the German name for the region, Baltikum. This theory is supported by the fact that Baltikum is sometimes used in Estonian in the same sense.
In German, however, the meaning of the term ...
Demographic development processes in the history of the Kaliningrad region: national trends and regional specifics
... razvitiya Rossii v XX veke [The main trends in the demographic development of Russia in the 20th century], M., Publishing house “Kuchkovo field” (in Russ.).
5. Demograficheskaya istoriya Zapadnoi Sibiri (konets XIX—XX v.) [Demographic history of Western Siberia (late XIX—XX centuries)] 2017, Novosibirsk, Publishing House of the Research Center “Apostrophe” (in Russ.).
6. Isupov, V. A. 2020, History of Western Siberia in the context of demographic modernization (1900—1950s), Istoricheskii ...
Cross-border digitalization of the western border of Russia: potential and prospects
... growth of academic and practical interest in substantiating the mutual effects of digitalization, innovation and internationalization for the regions. This article is devoted to assessing the potential and prospects of cross-border digitalization of the Western borderland of Russia. The objectives of the study were to identify the gap between border regions in the level of accessibility and penetration of digital technologies, as a significant condition for the formation of cross-border digital connections....
The marine component of human geography studies in Post-Soviet Russia: key trends and development priorities
... dynamics, Tikhookeanskaya geografiya [Pacific geography], vol. 4, no. 4, p. 14—24 (in Russ.).
57. Lachininskii, S. S., Sorokin, I. S., Mikhaylov, A. S., Samusenko, D. N., Mikhaylova, A. A. 2019, Coastal cities and aglomeration in the innovative stace of western Russia, Regional Research of Russia, vol. 9, no. 4, p. 396—405.
58. Mikhaylov, A. S. 2019, Coastal agglomerations and the transformation of national innovation spaces, Balt. Reg., no. 1, p. 29—42. doi:
https://doi.org/
10.5922/10.5922/2079-8555-2019-1-3....
Translation Historiography
...
Kamovnikova, N., 2019.
Made Under Pressure: Literary Translation in the Soviet Union, 1960—1991.
Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press.
Kang, J. and Wakabayashi, J., 2019.
Translating and Interpreting in Korean Contexts Engaging with Asian and Western Others.
Abingdon: Routledge.
Kelly, L. G., 1979.
The True Interpreter. A History of Translation Theory and Practice in the West.
Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Kinnunen, T. and Koskinen, K., eds., 2010.
Translators' Agency.
Tampere: Tampere University ...
Kant and His Heritage in Belarusian Philosophy of the Soviet and Post-Soviet Periods
... 1917 revolution and until the 1930s interest in Kant’s teaching was waning. When they turned to his ideas during that period Belarusian authors described and analysed them primarily in textbooks or when examining, or rather criticising, the views of Western philosophers, thereby rigidly adhering to Lenin’s assessments. During and after World War II the number of studies was also very insignificant. It was not until the beginning of Perestroika that an urgent need was felt for a new reading of Western ...
Geopolitical turbulence and its economic and geographical projections: the case of Russia’s western border regions
... of society and its structures. The author reveals the most relevant aspects of the territorial restructuring of the Russian economy, which is being influenced by recent geopolitical changes. The author assesses the economic resistance of Russia’s western border regions to geopolitical turbulence. Special attention is paid to the typology of border regions, which is built taking into account the impact of geopolitical turbulence and compensatory measures of state support on regional socio-economic ...
Two civilizations: the relations of Russia and Western Europe at the beginning of the 21st century
... taken place since the demise the USSR and the world socialist system. Today, in the West, as if in contrast to the famous project by Charles de Gaulle —“Europe from the Atlantic to the Urals”, an extremely negative image of Russia is being formed. Western ideologists stick to the axiom according to which despotism and slavery, allegedly being the basis of Russia's internal order, inevitably give rise to aggression in relations with the outside world. Of course, these ideas do not take into account ...
Demographic Situation and Demographic Security in the Regions of Russia’s Western Borderlands
... migrations, and overcoming a skewed age and sex structure. I provide a detailed definition of the notion of demographic security and a list of indicators for evaluating it. I stress typological differences in the demographic situation across Russia’s western borderlands to ensure a differentiated approach to providing regional demographic security. In this study, I use economic- statistical methods, a comparative analysis, and an empirical typology of regions based on the above indicators. In terms ...
The origins of confrontation with Western countries and the “Munich speech” of Vladimir Putin
... by the USA and its allies and spoke about the need to form a new system of world order based on partnership and good neighbourly relations between countries. Only these relations can ensure security and prosperity for the whole world. Unfortunately, Western leaders failed to respond to Vladimir Putin’s proposal and continued to support the dominance policy pursued by their main ally, the US, towards other countries. The article identifies the reasons for the deterioration of relations between Russia ...
On the benthic foraminifera species of Alabaminella weddellensis and Epistominella exigua in paleo-oceanologic reconstructions
... productivity response of deeper water benthic foraminifera in the Atlantic Ocean // Marine Micropaleontology. 1997. Vol. 32. P. 289—310.
12. Ferreira F., Frontalini F., Leao C. J. et al. Changes in the water column structure and paleoproductivity in the western South Atlantic Ocean since the middle Pleistocene: Evidence from benthic and planktonic foraminifera // Quaternary International. 2014. Vol. 352. P. 111—123.
13. Fontanier C., Jorissen F. J., Licari L. et al. Live benthic foraminiferal faunas ...
Reflections on the history of the Kaliningrad region
... Prussia. From ancient times to the end of the Second World War]. Kaliningrad.
3. Kretinin, G. V., 2007. Istoriya Zapadnoi Rossii. Kaliningradskaya oblast': Uchebnometodicheskoe posobie dlya uchitelei obshcheobrazovatel'nykh shkol. 6—7 klassy [History of Western Russia. Kaliningrad region’s: Educational handbook for secondary school teachers. 6—7 klasses] / ed. by A. P. Klemeshev. Moscow.
4. Birkovskii V. G., Soroka, Z. N., Gal'tsova, S. P. et al., 1986. Istoriya Kaliningradskoi oblasti (1951—1965): ...
The apologia of reason in J. Chr. Gottsched’s classicistic system: On the 250th anniversary of the philosopher’s death
... iskusstva [The dying of art. Reflections on the fate of literary and artistic creation. Chapter 4. The dying of art]. In: Samosoznanie kulturyi i iskusstva XX veka. Zapadnaya Evropa i SShA [Self-awareness of culture and art of the twentieth century. Western Europe and the USA]. Moscow; SPb., pp. 352—378.
2. Goethe J. W. 1969, Poeziya i pravda [Poetry and truth], Moscow, 606 p.
3. Goethe J. W. 1976, Sobranie sochineniy [Collected works], v 10 t., Moscow.
4. Heisenberg W. 1989, Fizika i filosofiya....
Learning and research culture of students of rural schools in the History of Western Russia classes
This article deals with the theoretical problems of learning and research culture, its functions and criteria, as well as possibilities of its formation in students of rural schools in the History of Western Russia classes in view of the specific features of the educational institution and the novelty of the discipline.
1.
Кузьминых Я.
С.
О пользе туристическо-краеведческой работы // Красное ...
The technology of formation of learning and research culture in the lessons on the history of Western Russia at a rural school in the Kaliningrad region
This article discusses the technology of formation of learning and research culture at schools of the Kaliningrad region in lessons on the history of western Russia. The process of learning and research culture formation will be successful if more attention is paid to independent research of schoolchildren, namely, solving tasks with the help of acquired research knowledge and skills, as well as preparation ...
Territorial differences in the innovative development of Sweden, Finland, and the North-western federal district of the Russian Federation
This article considers the innovative component of the economies of Sweden, Finland, and the Noreth-western federal district (NWFD) of the Russian Federation. The authors present the results of a comparative analysis of research and technological potential of the regions and their administrativeterritorial units in terms of innovative activity development. For the first time, the index of integral assessment of research and technological potential of the NWFD has been calculated in comparison to...
The position of international community on the restoration of independence of the Baltic States
... countries and the Baltic States. The materials and conclusions of this article can be used for further research on the foreign policies of the USA, Germany, the USSR, and the Baltic republics. In the process of the Baltics gaining their independence, western countries showed an ambivalent position and hesitancy regarding support for the struggle for liberation. As a result of internal contradictions in the USSR, Baltic leaders managed to achieve independence without any effective support from western ...
The Visegrad Group and the Baltic Assembly: coalitions within the EU as seen through Russian foreign policy
... within a coalition”, which perfectly describes this situation [1, p. 7—26].
There are objective geographical, economic and political prerequisites for the existence of European sub-regions. The traditional division of Europe into sub-regions includes western, eastern Europe and northen Europe among many others. Political factors, taken in their historical dynamics, led to the emergence of two relatively new groupings, which are the object of this study — the Visegrad group (the V4) and the Baltic ...
Comparative analysis of the territorial support frame of settlement in coastal areas: the case of St. Petersburg and Kaliningrad regions
... Andrey Treyvish [25], Natalya Zubarevich [26], Oleg Golubchikov and Alla Makhrova [27], Tatyana Nefedova and Andrey Treyvish[28], Inna Manaeva [29] and others.
In the case of Russia, inequality means that some processes develop there asynchronously with Western and even Eastern Europe, albeit their general direction in Europe and Russia coincide. This also holds for coastal agglomerations underpinning settlement systems, for instance, those of St. Petersburg and Kaliningrad.
The spatial configuration ...
The peaks and troughs of Russian-Estonian relations
.... At the core of Russia’s foreign policy is indubitably the conflict with the West, centred around Ukraine. The member states of the EU and NATO that share a border with Russia adopted the most hard-line position, and Russia’s relations with its western neighbours have always been strained. A important role is played in these tensions by the ideological component, namely the different and often conflicting interpretations of historical events. Since the disputed events took place in the recent ...