Formal Borders and Cross-Border Interactions: Country – Region – Municipality
... This is most evident in the case of national borders, where a border zone with regulated access and restrictions on economic activities is established. The span of this zone has changed over time: during the Soviet period, it often covered an entire border region, while post-Soviet Russia introduced a five-kilometre border zone in 1993; in some regions, it was extended to 10—15 km or more in 2004.
Following the expansion of 2005, the border zone in the Kaliningrad region included 35 % of the local towns ...
