A typology of the Baltic region states according to excellence in science and technology
... are divided into two groups: R&D funding and the state of the STS workforce.
R&D funding is considered one of the key components of science, technology, and innovation systems (STS). The measurement of R&D funding is typically done by analyzing the gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD). This indicator provides information on the research and development expenditures of commercial enterprises, higher education institutions, government agencies, and private non-profit organizations. GERD is usually expressed as a percentage ...
