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In the second section of the Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals, Kant introduces the concept of an end in itself and defines it as something whose existence has an absolute value. He continues with the assertion that the ground of a possible categorical imperative lies solely in this end in itself. Now Kant, in his remarks on the realm of ends, also ...

This article focuses on the endocrine function in flatworms. It is implemented with the help of two groups of hormones. Several centres of neurosecretory cell localisation were discovered in the nervous system of flatworms. The hormonal signal is transmitted with the help of adenylate cyclase system, which is peculiar to vertebrates. Endogenous steroids – sex steroids and glycocorticoids — were detected in some flatworm species. These data suggest that flatworms have an endocrine system, whose structural...

This article focuses on the rural areas of Russia’s North-West borderlands, particularly, the municipal districts and towns that are closest to the national border. The study aims to identify problems in the development of these territories and provide solutions to them. The methodological framework employed is the neo-endogenous approach, which suggests the maximal multifunctionality-driven use of internal resources, bottom-up initiatives supported by the authorities, extensive use of innovations...

This article examines the effect of prednisolone – an analogue of the ver-tebrate hormone hydrocortisone – on the activity of somatic growth, blood sys-tem function, fecundity, and reproductive rate in Daphnia Straus (1826) (Cladocera, Crustacea) in three consecutive generations. This hormone had a proven effect on the studied morpho-functional characteristics of Daphnia. It indicates that the test object is sensitive to exogenous hormones, therefore, Daphina can be used in assessing endocrine disorders...

... expenditures specific to Central Europe and the Baltic region, the Euro Area, and the OECD countries. In the Central Europe and the Baltic region, Crn. Hea. Exp. maintains a steady upward trend from 2000 to 2010, and the trend changes slowly, and towards the end of the sample, it continues to rise without a sign of a decline. Similarly, Pub. Hea. Exp. increases slowly at the beginning of the sample, changes trend after 2009, thereafter, it starts declining until 2016 and finally continues to rise slowly. ...

The article analyses the results of the examination and treatment of 18 patients with acute biliary pancreatitis (ABP). They underwent endoscopic retrograde endobiliary interventions (EREBV), which were performed in the X-ray surgery under endotracheal anesthesia using X-ray vision and included the following: endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography (ERCP), en­doscopic papillosphincterotomy (EPST), lithotripsy, lithoextraction, duct stenting. The following types of EPST, subtotal, limited...

... ontology dominated by things in themselves, which provide the basis for the moral world order: God, soul, and freedom. Kant's epistemology, teleology and anthropology are determined by the attempt to prove the possibility of such world order. The ultimate end of this order is a human as a moral being, the thinking, experience, and knowledge of which are consistent with this end. 1. Голосовкер Я. Э. Достоевский и Кант: Размышление читателя над романом ...

The author uses longitudinal observation to identify risk factors, pathogenesis and clinical characteristics of the senile and endogenous depression in women. It is noted that a comparison of clinical characteristics 1. Плотников С. М. К патогенезу, клинике и терапии инволюционного психоза. Ижевск, 1972. 2. Фотьянов М. И. О затяжном течении инволюционной депрессии : дис. … канд. мед. наук, М., 1965. 3. Бутырина З. В. Результаты отдаленного катамнеза депрессивных психозов инволюционного возраста...

... McNutt P. Kantian ethics within transaction cost economics // International Journal of Social Economics. 2010. Vol. 37, iss 10. P. 755—763. 12. Kant I. Gesammelte Schriften (Akademie-Ausgabe). Berlin, 1900. 13. Korsgaard Ch. Creating the Kingdom of Ends. N. Y., 1996. 14. Trotsak A. The principle of sufficient reason as a correlate of free will and moral law in Kant’s and Schopenhauer’s philosophy // Journal of Siberian Federal university, Humanities & Social Sciences. 2014. № 7(6). P. 1049—1059....

This article examines the genesis of disputed geomorphologic zones. The authors propose identifying the Sambian end moraine site on the Sambian peninsula. It has been established that the right bank of the River Instruch is not an end moraine ridge, whereas the Neman – Sesupe interfluve is a relict alluvian plain. The genesis of the Polessk lowland and a number ...

This paper considers the dynamics of different scientific opinions on the correlation between endogenous and exogenous factors in the choice of national modernization model. The authors formulate the question about the urgency of searching for the optimum in the choice between general and unique features for the construction of a more efficient modernization model. 1.  Алексеев В.   В., Побережников И.   В. Опыт российских модернизаций XVIII — XX вв. М., 2002. 2.  Бокарев Ю.   П. Теории...

... strategies and documents (year of adoption, amount of funding) — Double Circulation Strategy (2020, $ 248 billion minimum budget investment per year, or about 1.5 % of GDP) — Belt and Road Initiative (2013, $ 1 trillion cumulative investment by the end of 2023) — XIV Five-­Year Economic Development Plan (2021—2025) Key goals and objectives — take the central place in the world economy (by 2049) — decouple from the US in semiconductors — achieve input and technological independence from ...