The January uprising in the worldview of the Warsaw positivists
... letters, and memoirs of representatives of Warsaw positivism and concludes that the suppression of the uprising in 1863-1864 contributed significantly to the formation of the ideology of this philosophical movement. Positivists openly condemned the Polish liberation movement, believing that armed conflicts would lead to the disappearance of the Polish nation. Despite this, they held great respect for the participants of the January Uprising, simultaneously realizing the futility of armed methods in the struggle for ...
The image of Russia and Russians in the works of Józef Kraszewski in the late 1860s
... portrayals of Russian military personnel and government officials, Kraszewski’s writings also contain positive depictions of ordinary Russian people, characterized by their basic humanity.
Kosko D.A.
January Uprising, Russification, fiction, Polish liberation movement, tsarism
34-42
10.5922/vestnikhum-2025-1-4
