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This article analyses Kaliningrad hotel market through examining the level of incoming tourism in 2000–2010. The authors calculate the critical zone of hotel room availability in Kaliningrad and the maximum number of tourists that can be accommodated in the city 1. Вавилова В.   Е. Основы международного туризма. М.,   2005. 2. Квартальнов В.   А. Туризм. М., 2002. 3. Наумов С.   ...

... ans Stratis Andreadis v. Greece, ECtHR, Ser. A №   301 (1994). 8.  Tre Traktörer AB v. Sweden, ECtHR, Ser. A №   159 (1989). 9.  van Marle v. Netherlands, ECtHR, Ser. A №   101 (1986). 10.  OECD Working Paper on international investment Number 2004/4, Indirect Expropriation and the «Right to Regulate» in International Law. 11.  Dolzer R. Indirect Expropriations: new Developments// New York Univer­sity Enviroment Law Journal. 2002. Vol. 11. 12.  Flowein J. The protection ...

This article analyses the contemporary crisis of education in the context of modern civilization crisis. The author offers possible ways to overcome the educational crisis by altering a number of fundamental principles of the education system. 1.      Анатомия кризисов. Арманд А.   Д., Люри Д.   И., Жерихин В.   В. и др. М., 1999. 2.      Андрейчук Н.   В. Философия ...

This article deals with the provisions of a number of international criminal codes determining the permissible damage that can be inflicted on the criminal during detainment, thus creating the theoretical framework for the improvement of the corresponding provisions of the Criminal code of the ...

This article is an attempt at a comparative analysis of legal documents regulating social services commissioning in a number of constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Furthermore, the authors specify the concept of the given form of interaction of public authorities and noncommercial organizations and describe the advantages of social services commissioning ...

... formalism. It is argued that these systems are integrated through isomorphic embeddings of their elements into each other. The article considers some alternative notions of formalism and the definitions of isomorphic embeddings corresponding to them. A number of new results concerning their interrelations are presented without proofs. 1.  Карпенко А.   С. Предмет логики в свете основных тенденций ее раз­вития // Логические исследования....

The analysis of existing rule of International humanitarian law governing the cases of use of human shields by the parties of armed conflict justifies the conclusion that these persons are a sui generis case and should be regarded as an exception to a number of general rules. As a result, they should not be classified as taking a direct part in hostilities and must be treated according to the principle of proportionality provided that the permissible level of excessiveness of collateral damage can ...

This article analyzes the definition and content of criminal policy. Special attention is paid to the criminological aspect. The authors scrutinize the trends of development of criminal policy in theory and practice and formulate a number of key elements of the criminal policy concept. 1.  Степанов В.   В. Условно-досрочное освобождение от отбывания наказания: теоретические и правоприменительные ...

... development on the external situation, including the military-political environment. The latter determines the ratio of the military and civilian components of regional development, as well as the military-strategic significance of the region for Russia, the number and composition of the Russian military forces in the region. In doing so, NATO’s policies and activities, as well as the nature of the relationship between NATO and Russia, play a crucial role. The purpose of the study is to identify how relations ...

... bordering on it are increasingly pulling together economic and human resources, increasing the risks of sustainable functioning of the eastern peripheral municipalities. This also applies to the entrepreneurial activity of the population, expressed in the number of operating SMEs. Federal institutions and the regional government are implementing measures to support the subjects of the IPU, including in the peripheral municipalities of the region. At the same time, the analysis of the current situation ...

There is a large number of ways to measure the size of the spleen by ultrasonography. Methodically correct examination is the key to the accurate determination of splenomegaly. The article describes well-known methods for determining its size and volume, which are used ...

.... Before the COVID-19 pandemic, the region's tourist volume was formed mainly due to external tourist flows. With the onset of the pandemic, there was a fear of an increase in the crisis situation in the industry, caused by a sharp de­crease in the number of tourists visiting the region from other regions of Russia. The main purpose of the study was to analyze the dynamics of domestic tourism in the Kaliningrad region for the period from June to August 2020. It was found that despite the restrictions ...

The production of bioethanol from non-food feedstock is considered to be a promising alternative to conventional ethanol production from food crops. However, a number of significant technological drawbacks does not allow the industrial production of bioethanol. There is the problem of screening the most effective microorganisms-producers in particular. Due to multicomponent composition of substrate, the use ...

... been identified 56 species and intraspecific taxa, which belong to 35 genera. The species of Actinocyclus, Aulacoseira, Fragilariforma and Staurosira were recorded as dominant taxa in the bottom sediment samples. The studied sediments contain a large number of species, which demonstrate optimal development at a high pH value. Most of the identified species are freshwater inhabitants, less often the brackish-water species, that is due to be associated with the simultaneous influence of the continental ...

... companies, as well as comprehensive studies carried out by economists and geographers, the world financial centers are differentiated by the functions they perform within the GFC network. Global financial centers have been subdivided into some types, and a number of conclusions have been formulated about the trends in the transformation of the GFC network and the factors determining this process. The author has identified promising points of growth and new macroregions of the world financial system.

... The aim of the research is to identify the resource potential of the rural areas in the coastal municipalities of the Kaliningrad region for organizing recrea­tional routes as one of the promising forms of rural tourism. As part of the re­search, a number of expeditions were organized to the Slavsk and Polessk mu­nicipalities, where an inventory of the existing infrastructure was carried out. Based on the results, a map of the tourism objects and infrastructure was drawn up. The work has both theoretical ...

... countries is determined by the onset of a new digital era, when knowledge and information are the most important resources of the economy and are the basis for innovation. Howev­er, accelerated digitalization, as well as slowed down, carries a significant number of economic, social, political, cultural, and other threats that can be partially mitigated by creating favorable basic conditions for digital transfor­mation. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to assess some quantitative indicators ...

... systematization of the research methodology, the values of stiffness for the norm and in the conditions of various diseases. Factors affect­ing the results of stiffness measurement in healthy volunteers (the patient's position, food intake, respiratory phase, number of measurements) were iden­tified, which resulted in mean values of spleen stiffness. It was found that spleen stiffness does not depend on gender, height, body weight, and body mass index. The study reveals a range of diseases in which the spleen ...

... scientific knowledge reproduction. The article focuses on the mesoscale study of spatial patterns in concentration of national centres of competence. The scientific cen­tres are classified according to their ability to produce scientific knowledge and their number in the Russian Federation regions is assessed. The most im­portant clusters of research centres in Russia have been identified. 1. Бискэ Ю. С., Конопелько Д. Л., Фидаев Д. Т., Захарьева Е. В. Гляциодислокации ...

... the aquatic vegetation. The lower current of the river Preg­olya within the Kaliningrad city borders is studied for the period from 2013—2019. The associations are named in the traditions of the dominant system. It is established that the total number of species in the direct impact zone and downstream has remained the same. However, the structure of plant commu­nities and their species composition has changed. Some species have fell out of communities or reduced their projective coverage; ...

... The average annual atmospheric pres­sure is close to regular and equals to 1014.6 ± 1.7 hPa; its growth is estimated at a rate of 0.10 hPa/year. South-west and west winds prevail and they in­crease their speed during cold season. Increase in the number of storms is shown (+ 2 storms/15 years), however, the duration of storms has decreased and the maximum recorded wind speed has declined. The average annual air temperature over the south-eastern part of the Baltic Sea has increased by 1.6°C compared ...

... fraction dominates in the suspensions, including colonies of cyanobacteria, diatoms and dinoflagellates. The suspended matter composition changes from the Sambia Peninsula to­ward to the Curonian Spit: iron content rises along with a decrease in total number of mineral particles.

... carried out through the method of H. Prechtl with the help of the Kurjak Antenatal Neurobehavioral Test (KANET). The research evaluated the functional state of the central nervous system of fetuses with different pathologies. The authors describe a number of assessments including the intrauterine development of the central nervous system of fetuses during normal gestation; the intrauterine development of the central nervous system in the presence of somatic pathology of the fetus, revealed by screening ...

... with chronic kidney disease. The nutri­tional status of the patients was assessed using clinical data: the body mass index, the skin and fat folds over triceps, the shoulder muscle circumference, the albumin laboratory values,​​and the absolute number of lymphocytes in 20 patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease. All of them were receiving treatment in the dialysis department of the Kaliningrad Regional Hospital. In conclusion, we establish the relationship between the quality of life ...

... percussion are standard techniques to measure liver size, but are not accurate enough to detect a small increase. Accurate measurement of the liver by sonography is particularly relevant when a patient is suspected to have hepatitis. According to a number of validated sources, liver length varies greatly depending on the modalities and techniques used by the ultrasound specialist. Ultrasound liver size measurement has not become a routine procedure since a reliable and reproducible ultrasound method ...

... of 6.0 cm from the skin surface. It was established that patients with fibrosis stages F1 and F2 exhibited from one to four and those with fibrosis F3 and F4 from three to eleven ultrasonographic symptoms. In most cases, as fibrosis progressed, the number of ultrasonographic symptoms increased. Twelve patients with elastographyconfirmed fibrosis stage F2-F4 did not exhibit any apparent ultrasonographic symptoms. Within this group, 42 % of the patients with fibrosis stage F3 and F4 – or 8 % of ...

... developed a new formula for in vivo liver volume calculating using the genetic algorithm method. The purpose of this work was the integration of the formula in the automatic ultrasound diagnostic work station (AWS) "Assistant”. To achieve the goal, a number of the research objectives have been set. The possibility of assessing the size of the liver on the basis of its volume is a means of objectifying the diagnostic process. Integration of a new Martinovich’s formula for the calculation of liver ...

The article focuses on the urgent issues of the labour resourses repeoduction in the Kaliningrad region as a result of interregional and international labor migration for the last years. Reducing the number of own labor resources in changing external and internal conditions for the regional socioeconomic system determines the urgency of migration monitoring and analysis. The aim of the study is to analyze the position of the Kaliningrad region in ...

The method of ground shores monitoring includes a set of activities on local sites with reference to a network of reference benchmarks. The greatest amount of information is given by the data of the transverse shore leveling. The combination of a number of different profiles allows one to obtain speed and direction quantitative characteristics of the coastal processes at a particular morphodynamic site over a specific time interval. It is important to have a reasonable choice of a marker, i. e....

... per km2 in the most suitable habitats with an average density of only 4.0 pairs per km2. The population density of the Moorhen reaches 5 pairs per km2 in optimal habitats with an average density of 2.0 pairs per km2. A negative correlation between the number of birds and the urbanisation rate of the city territory is observed in the Moorhen (r s = — 0.44; P <0.05). The breeding area of the Moorhen has increased over the last decades. The Coot breeding area has not changed significantly, whereas ...

... endothelial dysfunction have remodelling of the myocardium. It explains a greater frequency of angina pectoris and the development of heart failure symptoms. Persistent remodelling is associated with impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation; a significant number of patients develop paradoxical vasoconstriction. A combination of these factors largely determines the degree of residual risk after myocardial infarction. In addition to standard therapy, post-MI therapy should be aimed at correcting the remodelling ...

... situation of tuberculosis in the Kaliningrad region for the period 2008—2015. The author analyzes annual reports for the last eight years. Main tendencies in the TB dynamics show a decrease in TB mortality and prevalence. Alongside with this, the number of patients having multi-drug resistance and recurrent patients having bacterial excretion have been increasing. The assessment of the endemic stage was done using a diagnostic algorithm proposed by I. M. Son (2002). The obtained results characterize ...

... use system. The author presents cases of transformations and restoration successions of agricultural and forestry landscapes. The mosaic nature of the current genetically determined landscape structure of the Kaliningrad region is explained by a large number of areas at different stages of transformation 1. Базы данных муниципальных образований Российской Федерации. URL: http://www/gks. ru/dbs. ru (дата обращения: 15.11.2014). 2. Виноградова ...

... Sambian end moraine site on the Sambian peninsula. It has been established that the right bank of the River Instruch is not an end moraine ridge, whereas the Neman – Sesupe interfluve is a relict alluvian plain. The genesis of the Polessk lowland and a number of geomorphological borders require further study. 1. Болдырев В. Л., Долотов Ю. С., Леонтьев И. О. Современный этап эволюции морских песчаных побережий // Прибрежная ...

This article provides evidence of the critical condition of the Baltic Talitridae occurring in the sand beach areas and affected by heavy motor traffic. Their individual mass has declined significantly and the average and total number increased dramatically. 1. Булычева А. И. Морские блохи морей СССР и сопредельных вод (Amphipoda— Talitridae). М. ; Л, 1957. 2. Грезе И. К. Амфиподы Черного моря и ...

... similarity and differences between the morphometric characteristics of subfossil shells of bivalve molluscs found in the wrack zone of the Kaliningrad beaches of the Baltic Sea. It is established that the most stable feature of the species level is the number of radial ribs and the most volatile one is the ω coefficient describing the content of calcium in the environment of the Cardiidae. 1. Бирштейн Я. А. Годовые изменения бентоса Северного Каспия ...

... geoecological potential is offered. The article describes the structure of the geoecological potential through identifying and defining its natural and human capital components. The key elements of the natural capital are raw material, biological, water and a number of other ones. The human capital is divided into geodemographic and moral-cultural capitals. 1. Реймерс Н. Ф. Природопользование : словарь-справочник. М., 1990. 2. Прозоров Л. Л. Энциклопедический ...

A study based on tracking techniques showed that the foraging strategies of pine martens constitute stereotypes combining optimal foraging productivity with reducing the number of risk situations. In this species, foraging takes place in forest-grassland ecotones, which ensures a combination of foraging efficiency and risk-aversion. 1. Владимирова Э. Д. Особенности использования местообитаний ...

... an increase in the average and total abundance and biomass of Talitridae is ensures through a normal life cycle. On the Vistula Spit, the preservation of a relatively stable average and total abundance and biomass is explained by an increase in the number of juveniles that replace older age groups in July — August, which can be interpreted as a response to intensified anthropogenic stress. 1. Гурьянова Е. Ф. Бокоплавы морей СССР (Amphipoda — Gammaridea). М. ; Л....

... favourable (total body parameters of rural girls are close to those of urban ones, the high value of VC in rural children, increased carpal dynamometry values) and unfavourable (development disharmonisation, in particular, through an increase in the number of overweight children, susceptibility to hypertension and tachycardia in the city) changes in the physical development of modern school children are taking place. 1. Богомолова Е. С., Кузмичев Ю. Г., Бадаева Т. В....

... polymorpha Pallas, 1771 // J. Moll. Stud. 2001. №   67. P. 183—189. 15. Lewandowski K. The role of early developmental stages in the dymanics of Dreissena polymorpha (Pall.) (Bivalvia) populations in lakes. 2. Settling of larvae and the dymanics of numbers of settled indivicuals // Ekol. Pol. 1982. V. 30. P. 223—289. 16. Lewandowski K., Ejsmont-Karabin J. Ecology of planktonic larvae of Dreissena polymorpha (Pall.) in lakes with different degree of heating // Pol. Arch. Hydrobiol . 1983. V....

... first study of the deciduous roadside plantings in this area. The authors determined predominant species, analysed the wood species composition and came to the conclusion that the predominant ones were the species of the ash and tilia genera, while the number of lichen species was estimated at 29. 1. Определитель лишайников СССР.   Л., 1971—1978. Вып. 1- 5. 2. Определитель лишайников России.   СПб., 1996—2009. Вып. 6—10....

... By means of numerical simulation it was conformed that features of upwelling space structure depend upon bottom topography in an area of observation, strength of wind velocity and its duration. The dependence of the upwelling scenario on the Froude number was obtained. 1. Андросов А.   А., Вольцингер Н.   Е. Проливы мирового океана. Общий подход к моделированию. СПб.: Наука, 2005. 2. Власенко В.   И., Иванов ...

... Baltic Sea . BirdLife International . 2000. P . 133. 4. Гришанов Г.В., Романов Ю.М. Охотничьи животные Калининградской области. Калининград , 2007. 5. Žalakevičius M. Bird numbers, population state and distribution areas in the eastern Baltic region in the context of the impact of global climate change // Acta Zoologica Lituanica. 2001. Vol. 11 (2). P. 121-132. 6. Švažas S. Internationally important sites for ...

... Vistula Lagoon of the Baltic Sea // Abstract book of the 7 th Baltic Sea Science Congress. Tallin , 2009. P . 41. 10. Hansson K., Wallin M., Djodjic F. , Lindgren G. The FyrisNP model. Technical description. Uppsala , 2008. 11. Kalinigrad Oblast in Number . Kaliningrad, 2002 . 12. Prioritizing hot spot Remediations in the Vistula Lagoon catchment // Envi­ronmental Assessment and Planning for the Polish and Kaliningrad Parts of the La­goon . 2007. May . 1 3 . Swedish Environmental Protection ...

... material damage. Mould fungi, as metal destroying microorganisms, are of particular interest in this connection. The Phialophora fastigiata mould fungi are studied as mild steel corrosion promoters. The authors show the biocidal and inhibitory role of a number of organic substances in steel corrosion under the influence of deuteromycetes Phialophora fastigiata. The protective effect observed in the best organic compounds reaches 70-90 %. 1. Коррозия металлов и защита от коррозии ...

Upper limb injuries account for 50—70 % of orthopedic trauma incidents. The number of multisystem injuries is increasing. The author describes the frequency, structure, and extent of injuries to tendons and nerves on the basis of 400 cases. The article offers an analysis of the efficiency of pre-hospital surgical interventions....

... примере Калининграда): автореф. дис. … канд. биол. на­ук. М ., 2009. 6. Tomialojc L. Breeding ecology of the Blackbird Turdus merula studied in the primaeval forest of Bialowieza ( Poland). Part I. Breeding numbers, distribution and nest sites // Acta ornithologica. 1993. №   27 (2). P. 131—157. 7. Tomialojc L. Breeding ecology of the Blackbird Turdus merula in the primaeval fo ­ rest of Bialowieza ( Poland). Part 2. Reproduction and mortality ...

... Actinomyces (genus Streptomyces) in the soils of Kaliningrad was analysed according to the level of soil contamination. The authors proved the seasonal activity of Actinomyces in the soils of the city and identified the changes in the dependence between the number of Actinomyces and the temperature and pH of soil environment throughout seasons. The article offers a preliminary systematic analysis of Actinomyces in the city soils. 1. Медведева М.   В., Федорец Н.   Г. Комплексная ...

This article focuses on the features of corrosion of St. 3 steel in water-salt media containing sulfate-reducing bacteria. The authors emphasises the biocide and inhibitor role of a number of organic substances in the course of corrosion and hydrogen absorption of steel in presence of sulfate-reducing bacteria. 1. Андреюк Е.   И., Козлова И.   А. Литотрофные бактерии и микробиологическая ...