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This article considers the problem of biodiversity preservation and environmental education on the premises of the Botanic garden of the Immanuel Kant State University of Russia. The authors argue that the Botanic garden has favourable opportunities for promoting environmental culture and spreading environmental awareness in different groups of population. An education programme was developed and empirically grounded; effective means, forms and methods of raising environmental awareness and promoting...

The notion of «tourist-recreational cluster» is viewed as a new object of territorial organization of tourism adapted to modern conditions.The elements and features of tourist cluster, its structure, stages of establishment and ways of development are identified. The article also provides examples of the Kaliningrad region. 1.  Алаев Э.   Б. Социально-экономическая география: понятийно-терминоло­гический словарь. М.: Мысль, 1983. 2.  Амирханов М.   М., Татаринов А.   А. Экономические проблемы...

The article considers some biotic reactions to climatic transformation on the basis of the research conducted in 1980—2006 in the primary ecosystems of southern Taiga on the Central Russian Plain. The change of structure, diversity and productivity of small mammal communities are connected to climatic trends, extreme and catastrophic climatic phenomena. 1. Алисов Б.   П. Климаты СССР. М., 1954. 2. Бигон М., Харпер Д., Таунсенд К. Экология. Особи, популяции и сообщест­ва. М., 1989. 3. Вальтер...

The practical solution for the most acute problems of biodiversity preservation in the region requires the restoration of the conservation area network. This article gives an assessment of the previous and perspective conservation area networks on the basis of landscape design experience and biological indicators. 1. Дедков В.   П. Ландшафтная программа Калининградской области // Вест­ник Российского государственного университета им. И. Канта. 2006. Вып. 7. С. 6—17. 2. Дедков В.   П., Федоров...

The article continues the analysis of the social and economical development of the Baltic Sea region, conducted by Baltic Center for Advanced Studies and Education (BaltCASE) in frames of the research project «Russia and EU: Past, Present, Future». 1.  Балтийский регион как полюс экономической интеграции Северо-Запада Российской Федерации и Европейского союза / под ред. В.   П. Гутника, А.   П. Клемешева. Калининград: Изд-во РГУ им. И. Канта, 2006. 2.  Российский статистический ежегодник: стат...

The article presents generalised data on internationally important staging sites of Greylag Goose (Anser anser), Greater White-fronted Goose (Anser albifrons), Lesser White-fronted Goose (Anser erythropus), Bean Goose (Anser fabalis), Whooper Swans (Cygnus Cygnus) and Bewick’s Swans (Cygnus bewickii) in the Neman River delta shared by Russia and Lithuania.The authors indicate the decrease in the population of Bean Geese alongside with the increase in the population of Greylag Geese, Whooper Swans...

This article offers a comparative characteristic, based on the data of spore and pollen and radiocarbon analyses, of landscapes dynamics in the Subatlantic in three landscapes typical of the Kaliningrad region: the Vištytis upland, the Neman River delta lowland, and the Pregel lake-glacial plain. E. V. Maksimov's 1850-year rhythm model was used for data interpretation. 1. Гуделис В.   К. Рельеф и четвертичные отложения Прибалтики. Вильнюс, 1973. 2. Клейменова Г.   И. Палинологические критерии...

The article explores the development of the transboundary spatial planningn as the key aspects of cross-border cooperation in the Baltic Sea region. 1.  Давидов Д., Чекалина Т. Калининград: плюсы и минусы эксклавности // Космополис. 2008. №   2(21). С. 144. 2.  Чекалина Т.   Н. Использование сетевого подхода в методике анализа транс­граничного сотрудничества // Вестник Российского государственного универ­ситета им. И . Канта . 2007. №   7. С. 92—97. 3.  A VASAB Long Term Perspective...

The article is dedicated to the main principles of the sustainable development concept and the life quality of the population of the Kaliningrad region. The authors outline four sets of objectives crucial for the socio-economic development of the region as well as their key functions. 1.      AGENDA 21: Programme of Action for Sustainable Development. RIO DECLARATION on Environment and Development. Unated Nations Publication . Sales №   E.93.1.11 . Unated Nations . New York , 1993. 2.      О...

The specific features of mammals' behaviour in response to external information is determined by innate mechanisms and experience acquired through ontogenesis. The author genetically defines the unstable boundaries of behavioural responses and offers a methodology of research on quantitative animal-habitat interaction. The article emphasises the variability of behavioural parameters in the course of the adaptation of the carnivorous to anthropogenic conditions. 1. Владимирова Э.   Д. Исследование...

The article considered the reproductive biology and life cycle of mysids inhabiting the Kaliningrad maritime canal. The author offers a comparative analysis of seasonal changes in gamic structure, the accretion and fertility of mysids. 1. Алимов А.   Ф., Богуцкая И.   Г. Биологические инвазии в водных и наземных экосистемах. М.; СПб., 2004. 2. Бирштейн Я.   А. Высшие раки (Malacostraca) // Жизнь пресных вод СССР. М., 1940. Т. 1. С. 405—410. 3. Галковская Г.   А., Сущеня Л.   М. Рост животных...

The article considers the basic methods of sea water quality assessment. The indicators of shell diversity of dominant bivalve molluscs in tidal accumulations are suggested as the most efficient field method. 1. Краснов Е.   В., Корнеевец Л.   В. Антропогенное воздействие на морские эко­сис­темы европейских морей // VI Baltyckie forum ekologiczne . Gdansk , 1993. S . 76—82. 2. Краснов Е.   В., Романчук А.   Ю., Пономарева Е.   А. Оценка качества прибрежно-морских вод методами биоиндикации...

This article offers the results of research on the influence of environmental factors on the distribution of two abundant bivalve species – Macoma balthica and Mytilus eduli – in the south-east of the Baltic Sea. First of all, the distribution of species was determined by the types of soils. The distribution of molluscs in deep-water sectors was limited by oxygen deficiency in near-bottom waters. 1. Гусев А.   А., Урбанович О.   А. Видовой состав и экологическая характеристи­ка макрозообентоса...

This article considers the species composition of the opportunistic pathogenic microbial flora and offers a correlation analysis of the seasonal dynamics of the gram-negative microflora in the European eel (Anguilla anguilla L.) and the water and soil of the Russian part of the Vistula Lagoon. The authors determine the epizootic bacteria species pathogenic for the eel. The seasonal dynamics of species diversity of bacteria in the eel's microflora helps to determine how bacteria penetrate the organism...

This article describes the response of hydrobionts to exogenous biologically active substances (BAS) of anthropogenic origin through the example of different taxa ranging from the Infusoria and Spongia to the Crustacea and confirms the harmful effect of anthropogenic pressure at the levels of a single organism and the whole ecosystem. 1. Авдеева Е.   В., Евдокимова Е.   Б. Результаты эколого-паразитологического ис­следования рыб некоторых водоемов Калининградской области // Современ­ные проблемы...

This article addresses the physical, biogeochemical and physiological factors in the framework of marine invertebrate biodiversity problem. The comparison of the biodiversity indicators of fossils and modern organisms is considered as the crucial method of the reconstruction of alterations in populations and ecosystems. 1. Блажчишин А.   И. Палеогеография и эволюция позднечетвертичного осад­конакопления в Балтийском море. Калининград, 1998. 2. Буко А. Эволюция и темпы вымирания. М., 1979. 3....

This article offer information about the locations of rare vascular plant species in the eastern part of the Leningrad region (the Tikhvin district) on the territory of the "Aschozersky", Urya-Kanzhaya", and "Carboniferous Outliers" conservation areas of the "Vepsian Forest" nature park and their immediate vicinity. Isoëtes echinospora and Lobelia dortmanna appear in the Red List of the Russian Federation. These species, as well as Viola selkirkii are included in...

This article estimates the impact of the natural resources of the Kirov region on the territorial division of labour and the problem of insufficient exploitation of natural resources potential in the framework of interregional and foreign connections. 1.  Регионы России: социально-экономические показатели 2006: стат. сб. М., 2007. 2.  Природа , хозяйство, экология Кировской области: сб. ст. / под ред. В.   И. Кол­ чанова, А. М. Прокашева. Киров, 1996. 3. Минерально-сырьевые ресурсы Кировской...

This article considers the response of hydrobionts to exogenous biologically active substances of natural (BASn) and anthropogenic (BASa) origin, the peculiarities of BASn functional spectrum in eukaryotes of different taxons, and the damaging impact of BASa both at an organism and an ecosystem level. 1. Никитина С.   М. Стероидные гормоны беспозвоночных животных. Л., 1982. 2. Никитина С.   М. О прижизненном определении пола двухстворчатых мол­люсков // Физиолого-биохимические основы кормления...

The article considers the present situation and perspectives of international cooperation in the field of tourism in the Baltic Sea Regio and the peculiarities of formation of cross-border tourist regions as a variety of territorial recreational system. 1. Драгилева И.   И. Трансграничное сотрудничество в развитии туризма Юго-Восточной Балтики: автореф. дис. … канд. геогр. наук. Калининград, 2006. 2. Кропинова Е.   Г. Регионально-экономический анализ формирования тер­риториальных рекреационных...

This article considers the applicability of biotesting methods to the analysis of wastewater toxicity through the example of Sterlitamak Petrochemical Plant. The offered biotesting method helps estimate total wastewater toxicity. The estimation of phytotoxicity was based on the following parameters of the watercress (Lepidum sativum (L.)): sprout growth, biomass accumulation, and seed sprouting. 1. Васильев В.   М. Биологический контроль окружающей среды: биоиндика­ция и биотестирование. М., 2007...

This article examines the main stages of territorial administration system development in Eastern Prussia in terms of political, economical and social dynamics. 1. Бокман Х. Немецкий орден. М., 2004. 2. Ивановский В. Государственное право // Известия и ученые записки Казан­ского университета. 1895 . №   5 ; 1896. №   11 . 3. Омельченко О.   А. Развитие самоуправления в Германии в XIX в. // Инсти­туты самоуправления: историко-правовое исследование. М., 1995. С. 223—247. 4. Хорев Б.   С...

The maximum individual age of the Japanese littleneck clam is 7 years. The maximum shell length is 5.2 mm. The sex ratio is almost 1 to 1. There are registered cases of hermaphroditism and parasitic castration. The rate of linear growth has increased to three years. The molluscs reach the harvestable size in three years. 1. Волова Г.   Н., Жакина Т.   И., Микулич Л.   В. Бентос бухты Алексеева (залив Петра Великого) // Прибрежный планктон и бентос северной части Японского моря. Владивосток, 1980...

The practical solution for the most acute problems of biodiversity preservation in the region requires the restoration of the conservation area network. This article gives an assessment of the previous and perspective conservation area networks on the basis of landscape design experience and biological indicators. 1. Индикаторный анализ использования прибрежных территорий Юго-Вос­точной Балтики // Newsletter SDI-4-SEB. 2008. №   5. 2. Алексеев Ф.   Е., Гришанов Г.   В., Дедков В.   П. и др....

This article offers data on chironomid fauna in two lakes in the city of Kaliningrad: Lake Penkovoye and Lake Isakovskoye. The authors analyse the species composition as well as ecological characteristics of populations and estimate the condition of water ecosystems of the waterbodies under consideration on the basis of the data on quantitative characteristics and species diversity of chironomidae. 1. Винокурова Н.   В., Петрова Н.   А. Некоторые особенности кариотипа популя­ции Camptochironomus...

The article attempts to 'bring together' different approaches to the nature of the El Niño — La Niña phenomenon on the basis of a multicomponent qualitative model. The capability of model is demonstrated by means of meteorological and oceanological conditions forecast in the South Eastern Pacific Ocean. The author emphasises the general impact of these conditions on the biological and fishery productivity in the area where the El Niño — La Niña phenomenon represents the most important element of...

This article compares the structure of avifauna within the present-day borders of the Kaliningrad region over the period from the end of 19th century to 2010. The author argues that the species turnover in nesting birds has accelerated and that immigration exceeds local mortality. The unification of regional avifauna is a part of the general process of biosphere homogenisation. 1. Коблик Е.   А., Редькин Я.   А., Архипов В.   Ю. Список птиц Российской Федера­ции. М ., 2006. 2. Tischler F. Die...

This article analyses the endogenous level of antioxidants in the plants growing on the Curonian spit. The authors distinguished two groups of plants with the highest content of anthocyans and the water-soluble antioxidants in plant tissues and determined a positive correlation dependency between the anthocyan content and the level of carotenoids and a negative correlation dependency between the anthocyans and АОА content in the leaves of plants under consideration regardless of environmental conditions...

The Kaliningrad Region is an area of intensive international cooperation including that in the field of environmental education. The article offers an overview of joint projects implemented by educational institutions, NGOs, and local authorities and analyses the prerequisites for their efficiency. 1. Дедков В.   П., Зотов С.   И., Краснов Е.   В. и др. Экологическое образование для устойчивого развития // Экология — здоровье — развитие: материалы Меж­дународной конференции «Общественное...

This article analyses the 2009—2010 data on woodcock roding. The authors assess the impact of meteorological conditions, light level, food availability, and other factors on the duration and intensity of woodcock roding in the Kaliningrad region. A direct correlation was established between the duration of daylight hours and the basic parameters of woodcock roding. Other environmental factors may also affect woodcock roding. 1. Travecchia G., Pradel R., Gossman F. et al. Temporal variation in...

This article considers a city as an ecosystem in terms of opportunities to satisfy natural and social human needs. The author addresses the problem of creating environmentally safe and aesthetically attractive conditions in a modern city.. 1. Апресян Г.   З. Эстетические отношения к природе в социалистическом об­ществе. М., 1981. 2. А.   Т. Болотов в Кёнигсберге. Калининград, 1990. 3. Буруковская Т.   Г. Сад неожиданных встреч. Калининград, 1985. 4. Гумилев Л.   Н. Этногенез и биосфера Земли...

The systematic and quantitative composition of Actinomyces (genus Streptomyces) in the soils of Kaliningrad was analysed according to the level of soil contamination. The authors proved the seasonal activity of Actinomyces in the soils of the city and identified the changes in the dependence between the number of Actinomyces and the temperature and pH of soil environment throughout seasons. The article offers a preliminary systematic analysis of Actinomyces in the city soils. 1. Медведева М....

This article offers the results of research on zoobenthos species composition in the Kaliningrad region. The authors estimate the ecological condition of lakes with the help of individual saprobity indices of bottom organisms. 1. Унифицированные методы исследования качества вод // Методы биологи­ческого анализа вод. М., 1976. Ч. 3. 2. Руководство по методам гидробиологического анализа поверхностных вод и донных отложений. Л., 1983. 3. Руководство по гидробиологическому мониторингу пресноводных...

The article considers the concept of geography in the context of integrity of its natural -ecological and socio-economic elements. The change of the postulates of classical geography on the basis of new (non-linear) thinking and the perception of the new picture of the world and its cognition by means of a new interdisciplinary language is proven to be necessary. 1.        География мирового развития. Вып. 1 / под ред. А.   М. Синцерова. М., 2009. 2.        Глобальный город: теория и реальность...

This article analyses the level of antioxidants (water-soluble antioxidants, carotenoids, and anthocyanins) in plants under the conditions of environmental cadmium pollution. The authors emphasise excessive background concentration of cadmium in plant samples collected in Kaliningrad and note a positive correlation between cadmium concentration and traffic intensity. A negative correlation between the Cd content and the antioxidatic status of plants and a positive one with the anthocyanin content...

The authors analyse the chironomid fauna of four water bodies in city of Kaliningrad: Lakes Penkovoe, Pond Isakovsky, Pond Shkolny and the Karasevka pond system. The article describes the species diversity, quantity characteristics, and seasonal dynamics of chronomid population and gives an assessment of water quality on the basis of the species diversity data obtained. 1. Балушкина Е.   В. Функциональное значение личинок хирономид в конти­нентальных водоемах: дис. … канд. биол. наук. Л...

This article is dedicated to territorial administration. The author defines its object and agent, outlines the hierarchical structure, and determines the key problem sets in the system of territorial administration. 1.        Анимица Е.   Г., Тертышный А.   Т. Основы местного самоуправления: учеб­ник. М., 2000. 2.        Анимица Е.   Г., Власова Н.   Ю. Градоведение: учеб. пособие. Екатеринбург, 2006. 3.        Бабурин В.   Л., Мазуров Ю.   Л. Географические основы управления. М., 2000. 4.       ...

This article focuses on the features of corrosion of St. 3 steel in water-salt media containing sulfate-reducing bacteria. The authors emphasises the biocide and inhibitor role of a number of organic substances in the course of corrosion and hydrogen absorption of steel in presence of sulfate-reducing bacteria. 1. Андреюк Е.   И., Козлова И.   А. Литотрофные бактерии и микробиологическая коррозия. М., 1977. 2. Герцог Э.   А. Коррозия стали в сероводородной среде. М., 1964. 3. Гоник А.   А....

This article considers the impact of water temperature in the Vistula Lagoon of the Baltic Sea on Mysidacea ontogenesis, as well as their maturity rate, female fertility, reproductionrate and average energy cost of reproduction. 1. Алимов А.   Ф . Введение в продукционную гидробиологию. Л., 1989. 2. Алексеев В.   Р., Хозяйкин А.   А . Трансформация сезонных циклов у ветвисто­усых ракообразных при слабых температурных воздействиях // Труды Зооло­гического института РАН. 2009. Т. 313, №   1. С...

The article considers different directions in national and international regional studies. The author analyses the notion of region in the framework of system approach. 1.      Алаев Э.   Б. Социально-экономическая география: понятийно-терминоло­гический словарь. М., 1983. 2.      Балтийский регион как полюс экономической интеграции Российской Федерации и Европейского союза / под ред. А.   П. Клемешева, В.   П. Гутника. Калининград, 2006. 3.      Баранский Н.   Н. Экономическая география СССР...

This article analyses the dynamics of sugar concentration in the nectar of Taraxacum officinale Wigg. in the arctic, boreal and temperate zones of Russia. The author arrives at the conclusion that the sugar productivity of flowers analysed changes throughout the day. The average sugar production in T. officinale flowers increases towards the North. 1. Аветисян Г.   А. Географическая изменчивость нектаропродуктивности ме­доносных растений и медосборов // XIX Международный конгресс по пчело­вод­ству...

This article focuses on the endocrine function in flatworms. It is implemented with the help of two groups of hormones. Several centres of neurosecretory cell localisation were discovered in the nervous system of flatworms. The hormonal signal is transmitted with the help of adenylate cyclase system, which is peculiar to vertebrates. Endogenous steroids – sex steroids and glycocorticoids — were detected in some flatworm species. These data suggest that flatworms have an endocrine system, whose structural...

The article analyses the concept of 'special' socio-economic regions, i. e. those characterised by a special position in their relation to the political, economic and legal spaces of the home country and (or) neighbouring countries and, in some cases, by a special geographic position. The author offers two typologies of 'special' regions. 1.      Зверев Ю.   М. Калининградская область в классификации анклавных (экс­клавных) территорий мира. Калининград, 2003. 2.      Зверев Ю.   М. Типологии...

This article considers the morbidity of vector-borne infections in the Kaliningrad region against the background of regional climate change. The author points out the increasing prevalence of Lyme disease in 1995—2008 and emphasises the role of abnormal weather conditions in morbidity changes. 1. Алексеев А.   Н.   Влияние глобального изменения климата на кровососущих эктопаразитов и передаваемых ими возбудителей болезней // Вестник РАМН. 2006. №   3. С. 22—25. 2. Баринова Г.   М. Калининградская...

This article analyses the organogenesis and flowering transition phases in Cerasus, Microcerasus, and Amygdalus. There are five phases identified for Cerasus fruticosa, C.vulgaris, C avium, Microcerasus tomentosa, and Amygdalus nana. 1. Березенко Н.   П., Радионенко А.   Я. Морфогенез та ембрiональний розвиток черешни ( Cerasus avium L. ) // Украiнський ботанiчний журнал. 1965. Т. 22, №   6. С. 9-17. 2. Волошина А.   А. Морфогенез цветковых почек черешни и вишни и роль температурного фактора...

The article examines different sources of chemical energy bound in crystals and minerals and its role in metamorphic processes and the Earth's crust formation. The author justifies the idea of the key role of the solar energy in the formation and development of crust. 1.        Белов Н.   В. Геохимические аккумуляторы // Тр. Ин-та кристаллографии АН СССР. 1952. Вып. 7. С. 73—80. 2.        Белов Н.   В., Лебедев В.   И. Источники энергии геохимических процессов // Природа. 1957. №   5....

This article considers the notion of confessional space as a subject of social geography. Confessional space is represented as an interrelation of several elements: the religious part of population, the religious-cultural infrastructure, and the attributive-ceremonial component. The authors analyze the manifestation of these elements in different qualitative areas of the territory. 1. Бунге В. Теоретическая география. М., 1967. 2. Максаковский В.   П. Географическая культура. М., 1998. 3....

Upper limb injuries account for 50—70 % of orthopedic trauma incidents. The number of multisystem injuries is increasing. The author describes the frequency, structure, and extent of injuries to tendons and nerves on the basis of 400 cases. The article offers an analysis of the efficiency of pre-hospital surgical interventions. The statistical data obtained favour high-precision techniques of tendon and nerve treatment over the traditional ones. The author achieved relatively high positive results...

This article analyses the storage conditions for hybrid lily bulbs in the course of forcing. The authors come to the conclusion that taller plants are obtained after a three week storage at a constant low temperature. The time span between planting and flowering is 60—75 days. The optimal temperature for plant storage during forcing rages from 18 to 20 °С. 1. Интродукция растений в Главном ботаническом саду им. Н.   В. Цицина: к 50-летию основания / С.   Е. Коровин [др.]. М., 1985. 2. Методика...

The article presents the results of many years' research (1991-2007) on the chlorophyll and nutrient concentrations, biomass and primary production of phytoplankton in the Curonian Lagoon. The main factors affecting the level of biological production and the trophic status are determined by the comparison of hydrological and chemical indicators. Water temperature is a key environmental factor that regulates the phytoplankton production and abundance in the Curonian Lagoon. The greater seasonal rise...