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This article deals with the territorial features of higher education and the development of poles in world education as one of the problems of asymmetry in global economy. 1. Academic Ranking of World Universities — 2010. URL: http://www.arwu.org/ ARWU2010.jsp 2. Азиатско-Тихоокеанское экономическое сотрудничество (АТЭС) // Википедия. URL: http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki 3. Бадарч Д., Сазонов Б. А. Актуальные вопросы интернациональной гармонизации образовательных систем : моногр. М., 2007....

This article offers a comparative analysis of the concepts of «stability», «sensitivity», «vulnerability» in relation to natural complexes and offers the author's methodology for assessing the vulnerability of natural complexes to anthropogenic impact. 1. Белов Н. С. Оценка геоэкологической ситуации в речных бассейнах Калининградской области с применением геоинформационных технологий : дис. …канд. геогр. наук. Калининград, 2011. 2. Васильев В. Ю., Дмитриев В. В., Александрова Л. В. Многокритериальная...

This articles deals with the generally accepted principles that should be used by the developers of strategic documents as guidelines. The author pays particular attention to the geographical factors explaining their importance for the municipal entities of the Kaliningrad region and comes to the conclusion that strategic planning of the development of municipal entities should be based on the geographical features of territory that are prevalent in determining the course of economic development...

This article addresses the structure and dynamics of current and temperature fields in the coastal zone of a large water body generated by seasonal variations of heat-exchange conditions at the water surface. Numerical solutions of three-dimensional hydrostatic and non-hydrostatic models MIKE3-FlowModel in shallow and deep parts of the basin are compared. It is shown that the structure of fields is reproduced adequately by both models and water currents are similar; however, the hydrostatic model...

The territory of the Kaliningrad regions offers a solid basis for the development of a strong transport cluster with a potential to integrate into the transport system o the Baltic region and ensure cargo and passenger transit between world economic centres – the Pacific Rim and the European Union. The article offers a characteristic of main means of transport forming the transport structure of the region and identifies the basic problems peculiar to the regional transport complex as a whole and...

This article presents social and environmental indicators of life quality affecting the health of population. The authors focus on the dynamics of such diseases as tuberculosis, HIV infection, and malignant neoplasms. The factors determining the unfavourable situation relating to life quality and disease rate in the Kaliningrad region are identified. 1. Саускан В. И., Уманский С. А. Качество жизни и экологическая безопасность как цели устойчивого развития Калининградской области // Проблемы управления...

The author justifies the concepts of international transport region and analyses the principles of identification of such regions and the features of their functioning.The article suggests distinguishing an international transport region in the framework of the Baltic region and defines its borders and backbone elements. 1. Вардомский Л. Б. Приграничное сотрудничество на «новых и старых» границах России // Евразийская экономическая интеграция. 2008. № 1. URL: http://www.eabr.org/media/img/rus/publications/magazine/no1/n1_2008_14_Vardomskiy...

This article focuses on the results of many years’ research on phytoplankton production and chlorophyll concentration in estuaries of different types (the Vistula and Curonian Lagoons, and the Volga delta). A comparison with hydrological and chemical parameters helped identify the main factors determining the level of primary production and eutrophication. The productivity of an ecosystem is determined primarily by river runoff in the Volga delta, while in the Vistula Lagoon and Curonian Lagoon by...

The article aims at analyzing the role of cross-border cooperation in the development of innovation potential of the Baltic Sea Region. The author analyzes the projects in the framework of the Neighborhood Programs implemented in 2000—2006 and related to the development of innovation potential in the Baltic Sea Region, particularly in the South-East Baltic. The author makes the conclusion about the need to increase the share of innovative projects with the participation of the regions of North-West...

Climate changes correspond to a sinusoidal pattern. The climate warming rate is about 0.077 C/year or 2.23 C in 30 years. Solar-terrestrial relationships are described in the article. Hydrothermal coefficient has decreased by 16 %. A decreasing climate warming trend emerged in 2001. 1. Богданова Э. Г., Ильин Б. М., Гаврилова С. Ю. Современные методы корректировки измеренных осадков и результаты их применения в полярных регионах России и Северной Америке // Метеорология и гидрология. 2007. № 4. С...

This article focuses on the features of heavy metal (HM) accumulation in carpet-floor species of mosses in the Kaliningrad region. A cross-spectrum analysis helped identify the patterns of HM accumulation depending on the amount of atmospheric precipitation. The authors calculated the indexes of HM concentration, which underlies the offered classification of the Baltic region countries by in the level of pollution. 1. Ilyin I., Rozovskaya O., Travnikov O. Heavy metals: transboundary pollution of...

A case study of the Volga and Urals federal districts helps analyse the standing of large cities serving as “growth poles” identified with the help of two methodologies. The article offers a geographical analysis of three aspects of financial standing of municipalities: financial independence, social orientation, territorial equity. The dynamic of development and financial standing are compared in order to identify the role of budgets in the development of cities (stimulating and inhibiting ones)...

This article discusses the issue of sustainable development of Russian territories. Using the domain-indicator approach to the Kaliningrad region, the author developed a set of geo-ecological indicators focusing on the improvement of ecological situation in the region. 1. Бобылев С. Н. Индикаторы устойчивого развития: региональное измерение : пособ. по региональной экологической политике. М., 2007. 2. Горшкова Ю. О. Научное обоснование, разработка и апробация региональных индикаторов устойчивого...

This article analyses the role of Arctic cod—the most abundant representative of Arctic fish fauna in the food web of the Barents Sea ecosystems. The author estimates the degree of its consumption by the most abundant seabirds-ichthyophagist (northern fulmar, Brünnich's guillemot, black-legged kittiwake) and performs ccalculations that can serve as a basis for bioresource forecasting for the Barents Sea in order to minimise the damage to the ecosystem and water area biodiversity. 1. Белопольский...

This article analyses the data on seismicity of the Kaliningrad region and addresses the issues of introducing monitoring seismic observations in order to identify previously unknown seismic areas at the regional scale alongside a more accurate identification of the seismic hazard of those already known. 1. Errulat F. Geophysikalische warte gross-raum der universitat Konigsberg in Presussen? // Terr. Magn. Atmos. Electr. 1930. 35 (4). S. 254—255. 2. Kunde Preussens. 1821. Apr. 3. Петр из...

This article offers data on the temperature of surface air and soils in the aeration zone. The author comes to the conclusion that the soil temperature in the Karakum desert is favourable for the development of tree and shrubbery species. 1. Гунин П. Д., Дарымов В. Я., Вейисов С. Ландшафтная характеристика Репетекского заповедника // Опыт изучения и освоения Восточных Каракумов. Ашхабад, 1972. С. 12—22. 2. Дедков В. П. Экологическая ниша и водный баланс доминантов пустынных фитоценозов. Л...

The article analyses the seasonal dynamics of zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha Pallas), larva length composition and juvenile recruitment in perennial natural colonies in the Prybrezhny Querry (the Kaliningrad region). In 2002, zebra mussel larvae were found in plankton from the second part of July till the end of August. The peaks of abundance were registered in the middle of July and in the beginning of August. The larvae accounted for 33% of the total zooplankton abundance. The size of larvae...

The article examines the morphological structure, chemical and physical properties of soils in Kaliningrad city parks. 1. Анциферова О.   А. Почвенно-экологические условия в парках г. Калинин­града // Лесной комплекс: состояние и перспективы развития: сб. науч. ст. Брянск, 2006. С. 57—59. 2. Воробьева Л.   А. Химический анализ почв. М., 1998. 3. Герасимова М.   И. Антропогенные почвы: генезис, география, рекультива­ция / под ред. Г.   В. Добровольского. М., 2003.

The article describes the quantitative content dynamics of the hydrocortisone steroid hormone in different organs and tissues in the course of the common octopus ontogenesis. The author detects general patterns of its quantitative distribution in the octopus organism and formulates a hypothesis on the functional significance of hydrocortisone in the examined tissues of mollusks. Hydrocortisone level is one of the most important organizers of general adaptation syndrome in the organisms of vertebrates...

The article presents the preliminary results concerning the quantitative content of nitrogen-fixing, cellulose-eliminating microorganisms and microorganisms using the mineral forms of nitrogen and microscopic fungi in Kaliningrad soils under different environmental conditions. 1. Влияние автотранспорта на окружающую среду в городах России. URL : www.transpenv.org.ru 2. Доклад о состоянии и об охране окружающей среды Калининградской области в 2002 г . / Упр. природ. ресурсов и охраны окружающей...

The article presents the preliminary results concerning the quantitative content of nitrogen-fixing, cellulose-eliminating microorganisms and microorganisms using the mineral forms of nitrogen and microscopic fungi in Kaliningrad soils under different environmental conditions. 1. Arun Gurpa , Vinay K . Singh , G .   N . Qazi , Anil Kumar . Gluconobacter oxydans : Its Bio­tech­nological Applications // Mol. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2001.Vol. 3. P. 445—456. 2. Кустова Н .   А . Трансформация...

The article focuses on the diversity of the Deyma basin soil mantle in dependence on different factors of soil formation on two key spots. The author defines topographical (ecological) soil series, typical of boreal zone river basins. 1. Добровольский Г.   В. Научное и практическое значение исследования реч­ных бассейнов // Экология речных бассейнов. Владимир, 1999. С. 9—10. 2. Трифонова Т.   А. Развитие экологического подхода в почвенных и экологи­ческих исследованиях // Почвоведение...

The article presents regress equations of age-related average height changes by growth classes and of general wood pulp by average height and density of the black saxaul forest stand, derived as a result of statistical modelling. 1. Хлюстов В.   К. Древесный прирост и лесопользование / С.Пб. лесотех. акад. СПб., 1992. Деп. в ВНИПИЭИ леспром. 06.05.92. №   2842-лб92. 2. Хлюстов В.   К. Возрастная динамика продуктивности саксауловых древо­стоев Средних пустынь Казахстана // Экспериментальная информация...

This article offers information on the condition of motorways in the Smolensk region. The condition of local roads is considered in relation to the particle size structure of covering rocks. The authors conducted an analysis of performance characteristics of road surfaces within different natural complexes and identified certain patterns in road damage depending on the local lithogenic conditions. 1. Экструдированный пенополистирол термоплэкс. URL: www.termoplex.ru 2. Автомобильные дороги : СНиП...

The article reviews the research on the influence of abiotic factors on plant antioxidant pool formation conducted at IKSUR. 1. Чиркова Т.   В. Физиологические основы устойчивости растений. СПб., 2002. 2. Тодоров И.   Н., Тодоров Г.   Н. Стресс, старение и их биохимическая коррек­ция. М., 2003. 3. Полесская О.   Г . Растительная клетка и активные формы кислорода. М., 2007. 4. Чупахина Г .   Н. Система аскорбиновой кислоты растений. Калининград, 1997. 5. Зубкова С.   К . и др. Действие...

This article presents an analysis of coastal eddy in the area of Cape Taran of the Sambia Peninsula (South-Eastern part of the Baltic Sea) on the basis of MODIS and ASAR remote sensing data. It describes the location, spatial and temporal scale, dynamics and hydrometeorological conditions of eddy formation. 1. Бабаков А. Н. Пространственно-временная структура течений и миграций наносов в береговой зоне юго-восточной Балтики (Самбийский полуостров и Куршская коса) : дис. … канд. геогр. наук...

The article is dedicated to the research on ontogenesis development of the Dracocephalum nutans L. and Dracocephalum grandiflorum L. species in the Alma-Ata region. The research results include the following: growth and development rhythm of the species corresponds to the natural climatic fluctuations of the new environment; i. e. vegetation period coincides with the period of stable positive air temperatures in the Alma-Ata region. The vegetation period of Dracocephalum nutans L. lasts 160—170...

The article presents experimental data on six alfalfa variety tests according to two standards. The analysis of the data is adjusted to the climatic conditions of the Kaliningrad region. 1. Программа фундаментальных и приоритетных прикладных исследова­ний по научному обеспечению развития АПК РФ на 2006—2010 гг. М., 2005. 2. Харьков Г. Д. Полевое травосеяние — основа устойчивой кормовой базы и биологизации земледелия // Кормопроизводство: проблемы и пути решения. Лобня, 2007. 3. Писковацкий...

The article considers the main polluting factors of urban soils and estimates the impact of anthropogenic pressure on the quantitative and qualitative composition of soil microflora. The authors outline the prospects of research on the microflora of Kaliningrad soils situated in different ecological conditions. 1. Ананьева Н.   Д., Сусьян Е.   А. Развитие фундаментальных идей В.   А. Ковды в почвенной микробиологии // Почвенные процессы и пространственно-вре­менная организация почв / под ред....

This article offers a comparative characteristic, based on the data of spore and pollen and radiocarbon analyses, of landscapes dynamics in the Subatlantic in three landscapes typical of the Kaliningrad region: the Vištytis upland, the Neman River delta lowland, and the Pregel lake-glacial plain. E. V. Maksimov's 1850-year rhythm model was used for data interpretation. 1. Гуделис В.   К. Рельеф и четвертичные отложения Прибалтики. Вильнюс, 1973. 2. Клейменова Г.   И. Палинологические критерии...

The article explores the development of the transboundary spatial planningn as the key aspects of cross-border cooperation in the Baltic Sea region. 1.  Давидов Д., Чекалина Т. Калининград: плюсы и минусы эксклавности // Космополис. 2008. №   2(21). С. 144. 2.  Чекалина Т.   Н. Использование сетевого подхода в методике анализа транс­граничного сотрудничества // Вестник Российского государственного универ­ситета им. И . Канта . 2007. №   7. С. 92—97. 3.  A VASAB Long Term Perspective...

This article analyses earlier works, which provide the basis for addressing the problem of the optimisation of regional nature management in the conditions of the Kaliningrad region. The author reviews the current state of landscapes and their development and emphasises the significance of landscape and geographical factors for efficient and environmentally friendly development. 1. Ваулина В.   Д., Козлович И.   И. Ландшафты // Калининградская область. Очерки природы / сост.   Д.   Я. Беренбейм;...

The article is devoted to the study of euroregional development hystory. It also explores the analysis of foreign countries experience in crossborder cooperation. Importance of Euroregions is identified. Euroregion «Baltic» and the Balic euroregional network. 1.   EESC Opinions . UR L :   http :// eescopinion . eesc . europa . eu 2.  Устав Еврорегиона «Балтика». UR L:   http://www.ln.mid.ru/bull.nsf/ 3.  Перспективы развития межрегионального сотрудничества: Калининград­ская область...

The article examines the structure and dynamics of the World Ocean level during the past 140 years. The role of endogenous factor in constant increase of water supply and subsequent rise of the sea level is defined as dominating. Two principle cycles in the sea level fluctuations were distinguished: a high-amplitude short-term cycle (2—3 years) and a low-amplitude long-term one (40—50 years). The concurrency of two events is traced: short-term cycles and major earthquakes in oceanic regions. It...

The article examines the conflict situations, caused by the anthropogenic transformation of forest landscapes in some areas of the Kaliningrad region. The ways of timber exploitation optimization, including the possibilities of the development of forest bee-keeping are examined. 1.  Доклад о состоянии и об охране окружающей среды Калининградской области в 2003 году. Калининград: Янтар. сказ, 2004. 2.  Алексеев Ф.   Е., Гришанов Г.   В., Дедков В.   П. [и др.]. Схема охраны природы Калининградской...

The article examines the results of use of the physical-statistical method for the forecast of seasonal trend of the sea surface temperature (SST) with the lead time of 8 months and results of statistical method of SST superlong-term forecast, lead time — 1 year. In the first case mean-squared prediction error of SST according to independent data makes 0,5 оС, in the second case — 0,2 оС, that is much less than the reasonable mistake and meets practical requirements. 1. Гордеева С.   М., Малинин...

The article explores the problem of organic compounds polluting natural watercurrents (on the example of Susuja waters phosphate pollution). 1.  Егоренков Л.   И., Кочуров Б.   И. Геоэкология. М.: Финансы и статистика, 2005. 2.  Голубев Г.   Н. Геоэкология. М.: ГЕОС, 1999. 3.  Михайлов СА. Диффузное загрязнение водных экосистем. Методы оценки и математические модели: аналитический обзор. Барнаул: День, 2000. 4.  Чудаева В.   А. Особенности речного стока о. Сахалин. Ч. 2: Распределение группы...

This article presents the first attempt to study lichens in 6 state protected parks in memorial country estates of the Pskov region. The authors distinguished 111 lichen species, among which 7 were proved to be rare and 4 – new to the Pskov region, and performed taxonomic analysis and the analysis of lichen life forms. Special attention was paid to the epyphite group predominant in the parks. 1. Выявление и обследование биологически ценных лесов на Северо-Западе Европейской части России / отв...

The article provides the example of an evaluation of thermal conductivity in vertical direction under the data of field observations in the coastal waters of Sambia peninsula is considered. The calculation of volume absorption of solar radiation is made. 1.  Добровольский А.   Д., Залогин Г.   С. Моря СССР. М.: Изд-во МГУ, 1982. 2.  Доронин Ю.   П. Взаимодействие атмосферы и океана. Л.: Гидрометеоиздат, 1981. 3.  Калацкий В.   И. Моделирование вертикальной термической структуры дея­тельного...

The article considers key conditions for implementation of urbanrural partnership in Russian regions as a means of a new approach to regional development problems solving. 1.  Либоракина М.   И. Проблемы и перспективы местного самоуправления: не­зависимая экспертиза реформы / Фонд «Либеральная миссия», фонд «Инсти­тут экономики города». М., 2003. 2.  Северо-Запад России в регионе Балтийского моря: проблемы и перспекти­вы экономического взаимодействия и сотрудничества / под ред. Я...

This article presents the first attempt to study the fruticose and foliose lichens of the pre-war plantings alongside minor roads in the Slavsk district of the Kaliningrad region. It is the first study of the deciduous roadside plantings in this area. The authors determined predominant species, analysed the wood species composition and came to the conclusion that the predominant ones were the species of the ash and tilia genera, while the number of lichen species was estimated at 29. 1. Определитель...

The article shows that the water dynamics induced by differential cooling in upper shelf area (down to 60 m depth) is significantly influenced by day/night variations which delays an establishing of a seasonal water-exchange in shallows. Convective exchange flows within the entire shelf region in seasonal circle requires 4—7 weeks to reach a quasisteady state. Formation of a linear portion on the horizontal temperature profile can be used as an indicator of the approaching of the flow to the steady...

The air company «KD Avia» — the owner of Kaliningrad’s airport «Hrabrovo» has been functioning as HUB since 2007. The article explores the specific features and perspectives of HUB.

This article considers the problem of biodiversity preservation and environmental education on the premises of the Botanic garden of the Immanuel Kant State University of Russia. The authors argue that the Botanic garden has favourable opportunities for promoting environmental culture and spreading environmental awareness in different groups of population. An education programme was developed and empirically grounded; effective means, forms and methods of raising environmental awareness and promoting...

The notion of «tourist-recreational cluster» is viewed as a new object of territorial organization of tourism adapted to modern conditions.The elements and features of tourist cluster, its structure, stages of establishment and ways of development are identified. The article also provides examples of the Kaliningrad region. 1.  Алаев Э.   Б. Социально-экономическая география: понятийно-терминоло­гический словарь. М.: Мысль, 1983. 2.  Амирханов М.   М., Татаринов А.   А. Экономические проблемы...

The article considers some biotic reactions to climatic transformation on the basis of the research conducted in 1980—2006 in the primary ecosystems of southern Taiga on the Central Russian Plain. The change of structure, diversity and productivity of small mammal communities are connected to climatic trends, extreme and catastrophic climatic phenomena. 1. Алисов Б.   П. Климаты СССР. М., 1954. 2. Бигон М., Харпер Д., Таунсенд К. Экология. Особи, популяции и сообщест­ва. М., 1989. 3. Вальтер...

The practical solution for the most acute problems of biodiversity preservation in the region requires the restoration of the conservation area network. This article gives an assessment of the previous and perspective conservation area networks on the basis of landscape design experience and biological indicators. 1. Дедков В.   П. Ландшафтная программа Калининградской области // Вест­ник Российского государственного университета им. И. Канта. 2006. Вып. 7. С. 6—17. 2. Дедков В.   П., Федоров...

The article continues the analysis of the social and economical development of the Baltic Sea region, conducted by Baltic Center for Advanced Studies and Education (BaltCASE) in frames of the research project «Russia and EU: Past, Present, Future». 1.  Балтийский регион как полюс экономической интеграции Северо-Запада Российской Федерации и Европейского союза / под ред. В.   П. Гутника, А.   П. Клемешева. Калининград: Изд-во РГУ им. И. Канта, 2006. 2.  Российский статистический ежегодник: стат...

The article presents generalised data on internationally important staging sites of Greylag Goose (Anser anser), Greater White-fronted Goose (Anser albifrons), Lesser White-fronted Goose (Anser erythropus), Bean Goose (Anser fabalis), Whooper Swans (Cygnus Cygnus) and Bewick’s Swans (Cygnus bewickii) in the Neman River delta shared by Russia and Lithuania.The authors indicate the decrease in the population of Bean Geese alongside with the increase in the population of Greylag Geese, Whooper Swans...

The article attempts to 'bring together' different approaches to the nature of the El Niño — La Niña phenomenon on the basis of a multicomponent qualitative model. The capability of model is demonstrated by means of meteorological and oceanological conditions forecast in the South Eastern Pacific Ocean. The author emphasises the general impact of these conditions on the biological and fishery productivity in the area where the El Niño — La Niña phenomenon represents the most important element of...