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This paper introduces a new approach and criteria to the physical-geographical zoning of the Kaliningrad region. Landscape areas are identified according to their morphological structure. The article summarizes numerous publications and observation records, as well as the results of the author’s field studies. 1. Ваулина В. Д., Козлович И. И. Ландшафты // Очерки природы. Калининград, 1999. C. 189—212. 2. Волкова И. И. Корневец Л. В. Ландшафтные карты Балтийской (Вислинской) и Куршской кос // Географический...

This article considers the heavy metal accumulation capacity of wild mushroomson on the basis of calculating the concentration and biological uptake coefficients. An analysis of these data shows that some mushroom species have a high selective capacity for cadmium (B. edulis) and zinc accumulation (R. decolorans) independent of the concentration of these elements in the substrate. A higher concentration of heavy metals was detected in the Russulaceae picked on the Sambia peninsula in comparison to...

This article examines the history of formation of fieldfare population in Kaliningrad and describes its current condition. The fieldfare population density during the 2010—2013 nesting period was 0—1.5 breeding pairs/10 hecares in urban forests, 1.1—3.7 b. p./10 ha in city parks, and; 0—1 b. p./10 ha in city streets. The dynamics of nesting density in peripheral abandoned parks is characterized by a clear negative trend, whereas, in cultivated city parks, nesting density has significantly increased...

This article presents arguments to demonstrate that not only background soils (podzol, black earth), but also introzonal ones, which are irregularly deposited among the predominant soils, are subject to latitudinal zonality. 1. Докучаев В. В. К учению о зонах природы // Сочинения. Т. 1. СПб., 1899 ; М.; Л., 1951. 2. Неуструев С. С. Элементы географии почв. М.; Л., 1988. 3. Глинка К. Д. Почвоведение. М.; Л., 1931. 4. Михайличенко В. Н. Галогенез и осолонцевание почв равнин Северного Казахстана...

This article studies the quantitative content of heavy metals in the soils of Kaliningrad urban ecosystems. It is shown that urban soils are heavily contaminated with zinc and lead with an at least threefold excess of the TLV. The concentration of copper, nickel, and cobalt is closer to the TLV. The authors emphasize that heavy metal concentrations in the soils of Kaliningrad urban ecosystems vary significantly depending on the year and territory. 1. Вредные химические вещества. Неорганические соединения...

This article (part 2/1) presents data on the taxonomy of birds of the Kaliningrad region in comparison with the taxonomic reviews of birds in Belarus, the Baltic States, Poland, and other European territories. It is the second part of the work that discusses the issue of subspecies affiliation of some breeding species of the order Passeriformes. Based on the study of extensive data collections and an analysis of publications, the author provides an overview of subspecies affiliation of 23 nesting...

On the basis of 1948—2011 materials, this article characterises the zooplankton of three large lakes of similar age and origin found at different trophic stages and in different landscapes of the Pskov region. It is shown that the structural features of the organization and direction of succession of zooplankton communities are directly dependent on the landscape and genesis of the lake basin and, in their turn, can be used as an indicator of the successional stage of the aquatic ecosystem. 1. Абросов...

This article analyses the basic ethnic groups of the Penza region and identifies the demographic processes taking place within each group. The author comes to a conclusion that these processes are determined by the features of the historical development and socioeconomic standing of the ethnic groups. 1. Белорыбкин Г.Н., Мухамедова Р.Г. Татары-мишари // Пензенская энциклопедия. Пенза, 2001. 2. Демографическая ситуация в Пензенской области в 2011 г. Пенза, 2012. 3. Первышкин В.И. Мордва // Пензенская...

This article provides evidence of the critical condition of the Baltic Talitridae occurring in the sand beach areas and affected by heavy motor traffic. Their individual mass has declined significantly and the average and total number increased dramatically. 1. Булычева А. И. Морские блохи морей СССР и сопредельных вод (Amphipoda— Talitridae). М. ; Л, 1957. 2. Грезе И. К. Амфиподы Черного моря и их биология. Киев, 1977. 3. Гурьянова Е. Ф. Бокоплавы морей СССР (Amphipoda — Gammaridea). М. ;Л...

This article explores the features of the cormorant’s nest locations on alder at two breeding colonies on the coast of the Curonian Lagoon. Based on an analysis of over 10,000 nests, three types of nest locations were identified:forks of tree trunks and large branches, medium-sized crown branches, and tops of broken trunks. It is shown that, in older and more numerous colonies, nests are located much lower, whereas the variability in nest distribution reaches it maximum. In the newly formed small...

This article describes the features of quantitative distribution of glucocorticoid steroid hormones — hydrocortisone and corticosterone – at different stages of the life cycle of the Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) and the European flat oyster (Ostrea eduliss). The author identifies a common pattern of hormone dynamics consisting in a reduction in the level of hormones in molluscs in the course of maturation. Interspecies differences in the ratio of hormone levels are described....

This article considers the possibility of using the gravity model when analysing modern interregional migration flows. The author analyses the case of migration patterns of the Novgorod and Pskov regions with the help of the gravity model method. 1. Власов М. П., Шимко П. Д. Моделирование экономических процессов. Ростов н/Д, 2005. 2. Географическое положение и территориальные структуры: памяти И. М. Майергойза /сост. П. М. Полян, А. И. Трейвиш. М., 2012. 3. Демографический понятийный словарь...

This article focuses on the similarity and differences between the morphometric characteristics of subfossil shells of bivalve molluscs found in the wrack zone of the Kaliningrad beaches of the Baltic Sea. It is established that the most stable feature of the species level is the number of radial ribs and the most volatile one is the ω coefficient describing the content of calcium in the environment of the Cardiidae. 1. Бирштейн Я. А. Годовые изменения бентоса Северного Каспия // Зоологический журнал...

This article examines the history of the introduction of wood plants from the Irano-Turanian introduction center in the Kaliningrad region. A typological analysis of the introduced species is carried out. The biomorphological and ecotypical structure, as well as the seasonal changes characteristic of these plants, are identified. The authors analyze the acclimatization and perspectives of further introduction of species from the Irano-Turanian center in the Kaliningrad region. 1. Берг Р. Л. Стандартизирующий...

This article presents the results of a study of the ecology of Erithacus rubecula carried out in anthropogenic habitats of the Ryazan region in 200—2010. The results of research reveal a few distinctive features in the biology of this species depending on the degree of biotopes’ anthropogenic transformation. First of all, it concerns bird nutrition. As the degree of anthropogenic transformation increases, the diet of the species contains more synanthropic invertebrates. Some birds start feeding on...

This article analyses the characteristics of the energy spectrum of mixture ratio and air temperature in the troposphere of the Antarctic obtained by Fourier analysis. Selected peaks of spectral density of mixing ratio and air temperature monthly averages are interpreted as annual and semi-annual fluctuations. The spectral density of random function is considered as the energy spectrum of functions. It is shown that activity zones are present in the troposphere of the Antarctic. 1. Аверьянов В....

This article focuses on the current state of research on the properties of skin chronoaging. The authors analyse the possibility of practical application of the existing diagnostic methods of assessing age-related skin transformations for establishing the age of living persons in the framework of forensic identification tests. Major trends in the development of the methodology of age estimation from skin and its appendages are described. 1. Агафонова С.Г. Морфофункциональные особенности кожи и подкожножировой...

This article examines the influence of a pre-sowing seed treatment with a hydrogen peroxide and potassium permanganate solution on the germination, seedling growth, and average weight of the fruit of Lycopersicum esculenum. An increase in seed germination, the average weight of fruit, and resistance to adverse weather conditions and diseases and more active growth of seedlings has been observed. Hydrogen peroxide solution has a more pronounced effect on the height of seedlings than the "Appin-extra"...

This article focuses on the activity aimed at registering of the populations of rare and endangered plant species in the Volgograd. The authors address the legal and methodological framework for this process and present the results of the work conducted. 1. Красная книга Волгоградской области. Волгоград, 2006. 2. Красная книга Российской Федерации. М., 2008.

This article considers the impact of changing dissolved organic carbon concentration in a solution on the sorption of platinum (II), (IV) compounds (K2PtCl4, H2PtCl6) at different soil horizons. The authors prove that even small concentrations of dissolved organic carbon play an important role in platinum sorption in soil and background minerals. 1. Benjamin M. M., Leckie J. O. Conceptual Model for Metal-Ligand-Surface Interactions During Adsorption // Environ. Sci. Technol. 1981. № 15(9). P. 1050—1057...

This article offers an ecological analysis of natural ecosystems used in the monitoring of the microflora of soil lands. The authors characterize the soilvegetation cover of the ecosystems of the Kaliningrad Peninsula. The difference in the species composition of phytocenoses and their environmental conditions is identified. 1. Дедков В. П., Куркина М. В., Лукина А. И. и др. Новые данные о микро-флоре почв Калининграда // Проблемы озеленения крупных городов : матер. XII Междунар. науч.-практич....

... Проблема утилизации твердых бытовых отходов в городах России и пути ее решения // Проблемы современной экономики. 2004. № 3 (11). URL: http://www.m-economy.ru/art.php?nArtId=507 (дата обращения: 26.07.2013). 14. Экологическая обстановка на территории Калининградской области : справка // Федеральная служба по надзору ...

The biological parameters of environment, such as the period of phenological phenomena, tree-rings, and physiological reactions in plants react to external and internal changes in the conditions of growth that can be used as indicators of the environment, its condition and changes. This article identifies the differences in the thermodynamic reactions of trees growing in areas with different seismicity. 1. Serreze M. C., Walsh J. E., Chapin F. S. et al. Observational evidence of recent changes in...

This article offers the results of an analysis of natural and anthropogenic impacts on eolian coastal marine natural complexes of the Curonian and Vistula spits. The authors identify the contribution of natural and anthropogenic factors to the transformation of the spits’ natural complexes. 1. Бадюкова Е. Н., Жиндарев Л. А., Лукьянова С. А. и др. Особенности современной динамики лагунных берегов Куршской косы, Юго-Восток Балтики // Новые и традиционные идеи в математическом моделировании и прогнозировании...

This article describes the soil mantle of the natural ecosystems of the Kaliningrad peninsula. The authors offer experimental data on the morphology structure and pH of the soils. 1. Анциферова О. А. Почвы Замландского полуострова и их антропогенное изменение. Т. 1. Калининград, 2008. 2. Бобровский М. В. Проблемы эволюции почв // Матер. IV всерос. конф.Пущино, 2003. С. 221. 3. Ковриго В. П., И. С. Кауричев, Л. М. Бурлакова. Почвоведение с основами геологии. М., 2000. 4. Куркина М. В., Родимова А...

This article focuses on a pool of water-soluble antioxidants in certain plants of the true grasses (Gramíneae) and legume (Fabaceae) families in the Kaliningrad region in connection with the environmental conditions of their habitat, namely, the varying distance to the Sea coast. It is shown that the level of water-soluble antioxidants was higher in the vegetative parts in the true grasses and the generative parts in the legumes with the exception of the Big-leaved Lupine (Lupinus polyphyllus (L))...

This article focuses on the main trends of changing in the morphological properties of urban soils. It was established that urbiquasisoils of a predominant sandy-loam grain-size composition and neutral medium reaction prevail in the Kaliningrad soil mantle. Soddy-podzol, soddy-gley, and brown forest (cambisols) soils are found in some parks and suburban territories. 1. Аветисьянц Э. Л., Паракшин Ю. П. Ландшафтно-экологическое состояние КИО им. 40-летия ВЛКСМ // Вопросы сельского хозяйства : междунар...

This article presents a study into the shape variation of thermokarst lakes coastal boundaries carried out on six test sites in Eshtykol in the Altai Mountains. The authors describe the methodological issues of the statistical analysis of lake boundary variability with the help of satellite images. The authors show that the degree of lake shoreline variability is increasing with time. The study results can be used in modeling the fields of thermokarst lakes and research on thermokarst dynamics on...

This article analyses the environmental features of the dominant species of upland meadow plants. The authors identify their relation to a certain fraction of ecological valence according to ten ecological factors as well as the index of the plants’ tolerance to soil and climatic factors. 1. Жукова Л. А. Методология и методика определения экологической валентности, стеноэврибионтности видов растений // Методы популяционной биологии : матер. Всероссийского популяционного семинара (Сыктыв- кар, 16—21...

This article argues that, in the estuaries the South Baltic, the bivalve molluscs Mya arenaria are capable of consuming an average of 6.5 % of the water body primary production. A numerical assessment of the filtration rate of these molluscs shows that they can filter daily an average of 2.41 ± 1.01 m3 of water per a square meter of the river bed. During the vegetation season, molluscs can clear approximately 380 m3 of water in estuaries removing up to 558.9 ± 65.7 g of suspended organic matters...

This article discusses the role of bioaccumulation of solar energy by sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. The authors corroborate the idea that the interaction between solar energy and biosphere play the decisive role in the Earth’s crust formation. 1. Коржинский Д. С. Преувеличение солнечной энергии в энергетике земной коры // Изв. АН СССР. Сер. геол. 1955. № 1. С. 52—64. 2. Кропоткин П. Н. Современные геофизические данные о строении Земли и проблемы происхождения базальтовой и гранитовой...

This article focuses on the development features and distribution patterns of karst rocks in the Perm region, as well as their impact on the economic activity. 1. Атлас геолого-экономических электронных карт на базе компьютерной программы ArcView GIS 3.2a. Пермь, 2000. 2. Блинова Т. С. Прогноз геодинамики неустойчивых зон. Екатеринбург,2003. 3. Буданов Н. Д., Сидоров И. Н. Гидрогеологические условия Кизеловского каменноугольного бассейна и некоторые вопросы дальнейшей его разработки //Тр. Ин-та...

This article offers data on the new cenopopulation of Gypsophila paniculata L. discovered in the Kaliningrad Region, its structure and current state. 1. Abromeit J., Neuhoff W., Steffen H. et al. Flora von Ost- und Westpreussen.Berlin, 1898. 2. Красная книга Калининградской области / под ред. В. П. Дедкова,Г. В. Гришанова. Калининград, 2010. 3. Конспект сосудистых растений Калининградской области / под ред.В. П. Дедкова. Калининград, 1999. 4. Соколов А. А. Редкие сосудистые растения Калининградской...

This article argues that the population index of talitrid groups on the coast of the Curonian Spit (the village of Lesnoi) in April-September of 2011 improved in comparison to those of 2001—2003, which is indicative of a considerable positive effect of a reduction in recreational pressure on the Curonian Spit and its beaches. Дитрих А. Н., Джабраилова Г. М. Экология морской блохи (Talitrus saltator, Montagu, 1808) на побережье Юго-Восточной Балтики. Калининград, 2007.

This article offers the results of an analysis of mean annual (1952—2005) data on the temperature and salinity in the Baltic Sea published by the Institute for Baltic Sea Research (Warnemünde, Germany). The data were averaged by months, one-degree quadrants, and 10 meter-thick layers. It was found that, throughout the year, 54 % of the minimum sea water temperatures in the intermediate layer are 0.01—0.1 °C lower than those at the surface of the same spot. It suggests the possibility of advection...

This article considers the hydrogeological parameters of the karstosphere and emphasises its unstable regime in the transit areas. Deep karst water zones and their catchment areas are more stable, in discharge areas they are characterised as weakly thermal. The sulphate karst is the site of formation of sulphate-calcium water with mineralisation of ≥ 3.5 g/l. Sulphate-sodium and soda subtype water with mineralisation of 0.3÷0.5 g/l forms in the areas of development of younger sediments. The hydrochemical...

The object of research presented in the article is maritime transport as a system building type of the Baltic transborder transport region identified within the Baltic region. The author describes maritime transport as a key element of the transnational transport region ensuring the activation and development of new forms of international cooperation in the Baltic area. 1. Йонниеми П. Стратегия ЕС для региона Балтийского моря: чего мы достигли? // Балтийский регион. 2010. Вып. 2(4). С. 44—47...

This article investigates the state of chironomid communities in Lake Penkovoe, Pond Isakovsky, Pond Shkolny, and the Karasevka pond system in Kaliningrad in spring 2011. The authors provide new data on the species composition, abundance, and biomass of chironomidae. The Shannon, Simpson, Balushkin, and Margalef indices were calculated for the chironomid communities. The authors identified the dominant species in the communities of chironomids and evaluated the quality of water in the studied water...

This article shows that the annual increase in traffic in the Smolensk region affects the environmental features of roadside land pollution by oil products, heavy metals, waste, calcium chloride, and magnesium. The author emphasizes an increase in traffic accidents and road-traffic fatality on the Moscow — Minsk international route. The environmental — geographical situation on regional roads is proved to be more favorable. 1. Кавтарадзе Д. Н., Николаева Л. Ф., Поршнева Е. Б. и др. Автомобильные...

This article offers the results of regular (weekly) monitoring of the coast of the Vistula Lagoon in the area of the village of Pribrezhny (the Kaliningrad region) throughout the year. The steady profile measurements of the beach width, photographing, coast description, the calculation of changes in the relative level of the Vistula Lagoon, and the analysis of the wind regime over the observation period made it possible to reveal the coast dynamics, assess the stability of the beach and coastal slope...

This article offers an overview of indicators proposed for the use at different territorial levels, including sustainable development indicators. The author emphasizes the prospects of the process of obtaining an integral sustainable development indicator. 1. Глазовский Н. Ф. Десять лет после Рио — итоги и перспективы перехода к устойчивому развитию // Изв. АН. Сер. Географическая. 2003. № 1. С. 5—19. 2. Федотов А. П. Глобалистика: начала науки о современном мире. М., 2002. 3. Тикунов В. С...

This article focuses on the problem of agrarian land use transformation in the Kaliningrad region in 1960-2011. The author offers and assessment of the geoecological conditions of administrative units, as well as an index of favourable apiculture development conditions. 1. Гаева Д. В. Пасеки как природно-технические системы и возможности их развития в условиях Калининградской области // Проблемы управления со-циально-экономическими проблемами региона : матер. II науч.-практ. конф.Калининград, 2006...

This article offers a computer simulation for incompressible stratified fluid based on Euler’s equations. The ocean and the atmosphere above it are considered as an integral continuous environment. At the water-air surface, the density changes abruptly from ρ = ρwater = 1000 kg/m3 for water to ρ = ρair = 1.2 kg/m3 for air. The solution to model equations is generalised. The mathematical mechanism of equation solving suggests automatic smoothing of density in the area of wave breaking and formation...

This article focuses on the numerical concentration of certain groups of microorganisms in the brown forest soils of natural and urbanised ecosystems of the Kaliningrad Peninsula. An analysis of the microflora was performed in spring, summer, and autumn 2012. This paper presents the average annual data for each key area. It is shown that human-altered ecosystems are characterized by a higher than natural concentration of ammonifying microorganisms and actinomycetes. The numerical concentration of...

This article considers the production of ecologically clean high-quality drinking water at the molecular level with the help of hanotechnologies on marine vessels. 1. Бразновский В. К. Водоопреснительные установки : учеб. пособ. Калининград, 2005. 2. Бразновский В. К. Зависимость производительности ВОУ мембранного типа от солености и температуры загрузочной воды : сб. науч. тр. Калининград,2005. С. 83—88. 3. Просолов Д. Д. Водообработка судов. СПб., 1991. 4. Инструкция по эксплуатации судовой...

This article focuses on the morphology, content and formation conditions of different groups of iron horizontal neoformations in drained soils of agrolandscapes, namely, oxidized ochric horizons, hard layers (crusts), and ortsand. Fe, P, As, Ni are accumulated in neoformations. 1. Доклад о состоянии и использовании земель Калининградской области за 2010 г. Калининград, 2011. 2. Зайдельман Ф. Р. Мелирация почв. М., 2003. 3. Зайдельман Ф. Р. Методы эколого-мелиоративных изысканий и исследований почв...

This article presents an evaluation of the antioxidant status of plants with the use of the GDV-method under the toxic effect of cadmium. A high concentration of Сd in the soil is proven to stimulate the accumulation of anthocyans, carotenoids, and acorbic acid and to contribute to a reduction in the concentration of water-soluble antioxidants in the leaves of the plants under consideration. It is shown that GDV-entropy can be used as a principal characteristic of the state of a vegetative organism...

...., Фам П. Клинические аспекты ВИЧ-инфекции. М., 2010. 11. Grant P. M., Komarow L., Andersen J. et al. Risk Factor Analyses for Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in a Randomized Study of Early vs. Deferred ART during an Opportunistic Infection // PLoS ONE. 2010. Vol. 5. URL: www. plosone.org (дата обращения 21.12.2011). 12. Bonham S., Meya D. B., Bohjanen P. R., Boulware D. R. Biomarkers of HIV Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome ...

This article describes the condition of woodpigeon populations in 25 towns and large villages of the Kaliningrad region. The author focuses on the possible reasons for significant differences in the population density of woodpigeon in urban areas and pays attention to the origin of urban populations. 1. Корбут В. В. Урбанизация и птицы города // Экополис 2000: экология и устойчивое развитие города. М., 2000. С. 159—161. 2. Tomiałojć L. The urban population of the Woodpigeon Columba palumbus...

The article offers and an analysis of breeding bird fauna of Kaliningrad incomparison to Polish and one Lithuania cities. A total of 168 species breed in the cities under consideration, 94 (57.7 %) of them are common for all cities. Jacquard's diversity index was used to assess the dependence of species compositionon the geographical location in 10 European cities. The Kaliningrad breeding bird fauna exhibits the greatest similarity with the avifauna of Poznan and the least similarity is with the...