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... atkūrimas 1988-1991 metais // Anušauskas A. ir kit.Vilnius, 2000. 35. Lieven A. The Baltic Revolution. Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and the Path to Independence.New Haven; London, 1993. 36. Miškinis G. Economic and Commercial Relations between Lithuania and Russia// Lithuanian Foreign Policy Review. 2000. № 2 (6). P. 87—99. 37. Nekrašas E. Kritiniai pamastymai apie Lietuvos užsienio politiką // Politologija.2009. № 2 (54). P. 123—143. 38. Nekrašas E. Lithuanian political system and foreign policy ...

Анализируются меры воздействия, применяемые к несовершеннолетним правонарушителям по законодательству России и законодательству Германии, выявляются общие и отличительные черты. This article analyses the enforcement actions against underage delinquents according to the legislation of Russian and Germany. The author identifies common and distinctive features. 1. Энциклопедия уголовного права / под ред. В. Б. Малинина. СПб., 2008. Т. 11. 2. Jugendgerichtsgesetz (JGG). URL: http://bundesrecht.juris...

This article focuses on the public policy in the field of charity in Russia in the 19th — ealry 20th century and lists state awards for charity handed out to charity departments under the auspicious of the emperor’s family — the Department of Institutions of Empress Maria and the Emperor's Philanthropic Association....

This article considers the common and the unique in the views and beliefs of A. I. Herzen (1812—1870) and Christian — both Russian and Western — conservatives. The author emphasizes that the attraction and repulsion between the freedom-loving supporter of revolutionary changes, Herzen, and sincere advocates of spiritual freedom — free conservatives — were only natural. 1. Володин А. И. Герцен и Запад // Литературное наследство: Герцен и Запад. М., 1985. 2. Герцен А. И. Былое и думы. Минск, 1971...

... Different circumstances and factors, including the level of trade and economic contacts, affected the condition of English-Russian relations. The author analyses the principal stages of the evolution of trade and economic contacts between Great Britain and Russia from the Crimean war to the agreement of 1907 and identifies their role and influence on the political English-Russian relations of that period. 1. Сергеев Е. Ю. Большая игра, 1856—1907: мифы и реалии российско-британских ...

This article considers the vicissitudes of the Lithuanian — RSFSR negotiations in Moscow in the spring-summer of 1920. The author analyses the circumstances of the signing of the Moscow Peace Treaty between Lithuania and Soviet Russia on July 12, 1920 and focuses on the international response to it. The author pays special attention to the question of the character of Lithuania’s neutrality in the Soviet-Polish war in August-September 1920. 1. Документы внешней ...

This article analyzes the origins of the contemporary conflict generating Polish-Lithuanian relations. The authors consider the features of the Polonization of Lithuania and ensuing Russification in the second half of the 19th century, the problems of Polish-Russian relations during the interbellum (1918—1939) and the period of the post-war development of the two states. The authors come to a conclusion that the modern conflict between Poland and Lithuania has a historical and national basis and...

In recent years, cooperation between the towns and regions of Belarus and Russia has increased significantly creating a solid foundation for integration. The author describes the main areas of cooperation between the Kaliningrad and Grodno regions, as well as the model of sequential and stepwise cooperation. 1. Бильчак ...

This article considers common and distinctive features of legal status of various institutions (autonomous, budget, government and private ones). Special attention is paid to the legal procedure of financial provision of their activities and property regime. The author identifies the advantages and disadvantages of the new legislative approach to the status of institutions. 1. О некоммерческих организациях : федеральный закон от 12.01.1996 № 7-ФЗ (ред. от 18.07.2011) // СЗ РФ. 1996. № 3. Ст. 145...

This article considers the topical issue of introduction of criminal liability of legal entities for tax crimes in Russia. The authors analyse criminal liability of legal entities for tax evasion according to the US legislation. 1. Успенский А. В. Уголовная ответственность за уклонение от уплаты налогов ...

... Education distinguishes between training and upbringing and emphasises the need to increase the level of rationality of education in order to overcome crisis phenomena in the society. Special attention is paid to the higher education reform implemented in Russia. 1. Автономова Н. С. Рассудок, разум, рациональность. М., 1988. 2. Андрейчук Н. В. Проблема непрерывного образования в контексте современной ...

This article focuses on the problems of preserving ethnocultural identity in the conditions of globalisation and blurring of cultural distinctions, first of all, the possible loss of ethnocultural identity of Russian-speaking population in the post-Soviet space of the Republic of Lithuania. A specialised survey is used as material for the analysis of the role of education as one of the most important social institutions ensuring the formation, preservation, and reproduction of cultural identity...

1. Дементьев И. О. Черчилль о Гумбиннене: к истории одной цитаты //Вестник Балтийского федерального университета им. И. Канта. 2011. Вып. 12. 2. Кретинин Г. В. Август четырнадцатого // Очерки истории Восточной Пруссии / Г. В. Кретинин [и др.]. Калининград, 2002. 3. Кретинин Г. В. Неизвестная война // Запад России. 1994. № 1 (9). 4. Кретинин Г. В. Неизвестная война (окончание) // Запад России. 1994. № 4 (12). 5. Кретинин Г. В. Август четырнадцатого. Сражения на полях Восточной Пруссии // Восточная...

Рассматривается компетенция помощника варшавского генерал-губернатора по полицейской части и его место в системе административно-полицейского управления Царства Польского во второй половине XIX — начале XX в.; определяется обусловленность его статуса особым правовым положением самого Царства Польского в составе Российской империи. This article considers the competence of Assistant to Governor-General of Warsaw for Police Issues, and their place in the administrative and police control of the Kingdom...

The article is discussed about the structure analysis of the birth rate of the population of Kaliningrad region in 1949—1950th against All-Russian (RSFSR) and some regional indicators, drawn the conclusion about considerable originality of the structure of the birth rate as well as about greater significance of the extramarital birth rate in the system of reproduction of population. 1.  Костяшов Ю.   В. О естественном движении населения в Калининградской области в 1946—1950 гг. // Проблемы...

This article analyses fashion from two points of view — as a closed system of “the world of the fashionable” with its own specific hierarchy, where creative imagination becomes a criterion for success and as a field of social imagination that influences social behavior and the structures of identity presentation formation. The concept of creative imagination is considered as a concept distinct from that of artist’s creativity and imagination. The author elucidates the connection between creative...

Critical objections to applying social contract theories towards Russian social and political reality are being analyzed, categorized and challenged. 1.  Аузан А.   А. Мы так не договаривались. URL: http://esquire.ru/auzan 2.  Аузан А.   А. Самодержавие крепостных: современные границы и возможности преодоления // Индекс. 2007. №   26. URL : http://www.index.org.ru/journal/ 26/auz26.html 3.  Ибн Хальдун. Мукаддима // Историко-философский ежегодник 2007. М., 2008. 4.  Надточий Э. Асабия-давла-мулк...

Russian economy is overcoming the crisis; its further restoration and growth depend on different factors: abrupt and not always predictable changes in the world economic situation, dynamics and fluctuations of oil prices, inflow and outflow of capital from financial markets, and other external economic and political factors. However, there is increasing awareness that the restoration and growth largely depend on internal fundamental factors: modernisation of economy and the prospects of increase...

This article reveals the key problems in the activity of small enterprises in Russia in view of the stage of enterprise’s life cycle of and its industry features. The author identifies the areas of formation and implementation of financial policies in small business. 1. О развитии малого и среднего предпринимательства ...

This paper offers a scientific analysis of Russian practices of assessing the quality information control systems (economic aspect) over the last thirty years. The author described the methodological approach to the assessment of the quality of information services for the agro-industrial complex. 1. Лукьянова Н. Ю. О возможности применения зарубежного опыта оценки качества информационных систем в  агропромышленной сфере // Известия Международной академии аграрного образования. 2010. № 9. С. 53—58...

This article is the first to suggest performing diagnostics and analysis of the influence of crisis phenomena on socioeconomic development of regionswith the help of an approach based on quantitative assessment of the current competitiveness of the region. The author offers calculations of integral development indices for three regions of three different federal districts of the Russian Federation for 2007-2010, as well as an analysis of the degree, to which regional economies were affected by the...

On the basis of war-time sources, this article reconstructs the image of East Prussia created by Soviet propaganda and considers the context of its formation. The author demonstrates the use of this image over post-war decades. Propaganda discourse is interpreted as a practice of cultural assimilation of East Prussia. 1.  Бирковский В.   Г., Исупов В.   С., Фарутин И.   А. История нашего края: пособие для учащихся. Калининград, 1990. 2.  Брускин А. Здесь стояли батареи // Калининградская правда...

For the first time in the Russian historiography, the issues of functioning of Riga censorship commission during Paul I’s reign are considered. The author arrives at a conclusion about the prosecution of cultural works filled with revolutionary spirit. 1.  Полное собрание законов Российской империи. Серия 1. СПб., 1830. Т. 23—25. 2.  Российская Национальная библиотека. Отдел рукописей. Ф. 859. Фонд Н.   К. Шильдера. Кол. 33. №   2—4. 3.  Российский государственный исторический архив. Ф....

This article considers the processes affecting land property in Russia in the 19th — the early 20th century through the case of the manor Trigorskoye in the Pskov province. 1.  А.   С. Пушкин в воспоминаниях современников: в 2 т. М., 1985. Т. 1. 2.  Государственный ...

... гг. и после 1991   г. Тарту, 2003. 14.  Словари и энциклопедии. URL: http :// dic . academic . ru / dic . nsf / ruwiki /38616 15.  PACE. Resolution 1633 (2008). The consequences of the war between Georgia and Russia URL: http://assembly.coe.int/Main.asp?link=/Documents/Adopted­Text /ta08/ERES1633.htm

This paper considers the dynamics of different scientific opinions on the correlation between endogenous and exogenous factors in the choice of national modernization model. The authors formulate the question about the urgency of searching for the optimum in the choice between general and unique features for the construction of a more efficient modernization model. 1.  Алексеев В.   В., Побережников И.   В. Опыт российских модернизаций XVIII — XX вв. М., 2002. 2.  Бокарев Ю.   П. Теории...

The article considers some questions of civil and criminal executive legislation in terms of enforced collection of the debtor’s property rights, their subsequent realisation, and possibility of using some types of property right as objects of claim. 1. Гуреев В.   А. Проблемы правового регулирования обращения взыскания на имущественные права в рамках исполнительного производства // Законы Рос­сии: опыт, анализ, практика. 2008. № 7. 2. Коршунов Н.   М. Исключительные права как объект взыскания:...

The article considers the peculiar problems of criminological characteristics of justifiable defence and excessive defence situations. The author analyses and compares objective criminological characteristics of the situations of justifiable and excessive defence. The article is based on the legislation of the Russian Federation and empirical research conducted by the author. 1. Архив ГОВД г. Черняховска Калининградской области. 1997. Дело № 25438.

Constitutional complaint is an efficient instrument of constitutional right protection in Russia. The judicial body dealing with such complaints is the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation. However, certain problems arise due to the legislative regulation of constitutional complaints in the Constitutional Courts practice. 1.        ...

The article considers the problems connected with the unified understanding of the entity of administrative acts and their comprehensive and accurate definition, as well as the determination of their features reflecting the peculiar traits of administrative acts and distinguishing them from other acts. 1.        V erwaltungsverfahrensgesetz vom 25.05.1976 (17.12.2008 geaendert ) (Закон об административном процессе) // Bundesgesetzblatt I S. 1253. 2.        Verwaltungsgerichtsordnung vom 21...

.... Rostoptschin, S. Glinka) in this process. The author defines the basic elements of conservative nationalist ideology: interpretation of the people as a «body politic», antiwesternism, antiliberalism, cult of autocracy, selective glorification of Russia’s historical past. 1.  Карамзин Н. М. Записка о древней и новой России. М., 1991. 2.  Местр Ж. де. Петербургские письма. СПб., 1995. 3.  Шишков А.   С. Собрание ...

The article casts light on the system of intelligence officer training. The deep changes in the political and socioeconomic life of the USSR resulted in the growth of opposition attitudes. It necessitated higher efficiency of the officers of the National Commissariat of Home Affairs. The author considers the main forms and methods of the interaction between the law enforcement institutions and local population. 1.  Архив Управления Федеральной службы безопасности по Псковской об­ласти. Д. 4124...

... of United States foreign policy 1943—1947. European and global aspects of postwar relations with the Soviet Union. Documents. B., 1992. 3. Containment: documents on American policy and strategy, 1945—1950. N. Y., 1978. 4. Dallin D.   J. Russia and postwar Europe . New Haven, 1945. 5. Foreign relations of the United States 1946. Washington, 1969. Vol. 7 . 6. Foreign relations of the United States 1947. Washington, 1972. Vol. 4 . 7. Gaddis J.   L. The United States and the origins ...

The article considers the state and law institutions analogous to the Justice of Peace in Russia in the XVIII — first half of XIX cent., as well as the ideas on magistrate court establishment in the political and legal works of that time. 1.        Ключевский В.   О. Русская история: полный курс ...

The article focuses on the scientific heritage of Alexander Potebnyа, the central figure in the history of Russian linguistic and philosophical tradition, and Sergey Bulgakov's doctrine of word and language, presented in the work «Philosophy of Name». The comparative analysis reveals the following: a) the key elements of S. Bulgakov’s doctrine historically genetically rooted in A. A. Potebnya's linguistic research; b) the basic difference between the philosophical bases of two concepts (gnoseological...

The article considers the anthropological problems of gender, proceeding from the interaction of natural and spiritual world content. The author reveals the specific character of Vasily Rosanov‘s views on the meaning of sexual relations. 1.  Бердяев Н.   А. О назначении человека. М., 1993. 2.  Бернштам Т.   А. Традиционный праздничный календарь в Поморье во второй половине 19 — начале 20 в. // Этнографические исследования Северо-Запада СССР. Л., 1977. 3.  Водолагин А.   В. Любовь и смерть...

The article analyses the reference of Gustaw Herling-Grudziński’s to Berdyaev’s philosophy of history and the interpretation and reinterpretation of “The New Middle Ages”. The author defines the differences and similarities of the apocalyptic thinking of the Russian philosopher and the Polish writer. 1.  Бердяев Н.   А. Духи русской революции // Вехи. Из глубины. М., 1991. 2.  Бердяев Н.   А. Новое средневековье // Философия творчества, культуры и искусства: в 2 т. М., 1994. Т. 1. 3.  Приходько...

... (общественные движе­ния, наука, политика). М., 2001; Его же . Экологическая политика как сетевой процесс // Полис. 2002. №   2. 13.  Gel’man Elites and Democratic Development in Russia. Rutledge Curzon, 2008. 14.  Higley. Elite structure and ideology a theory with applications to Norway. Columbia University Press. New York, 1976. 15.  Anthony Downs . An economic theory of democracy Harper and Row Publish­ers New York, 1957....

The authors consider peculiarities and methodological approaches to scientific maintenance of a branch taking as an example the agriculture of the Kaliningrad region being the exclave region of Russia. 1.  Бильчак В.   С., Дупленко Н.   Г. Предпринимательство региона / под ред. В.   С. Бильчака. Калининград, 2008. 2.  История сельского хозяйства ...

The article reveals major regulation trends of international cooperation at the regional level which being officially adopted are implemented in the Kaliningrad region. Special attention is given to international agreements, involvement in international programs and projects, information for foreign economic activity and development of euroregions with Russian participation. 1.  Внешнеэкономическая деятельность предприятий и организаций Калинин­градской области за 2000—2007 гг.: статистический...

The article revue s issue of Russian foreign trade on Baltics. Special attention is given to the major role of the Baltic Sea macroregion in the process of economic integration of Russia into the Common European Economic Space. 1.  Грот Н.   Б. Экономическое сотрудничество // Северо-Запад России в ре­гионе Балтийского моря: проблемы и перспективы ...

This article focuses on the factors having influenced the formation of the conscious attitude to the past of the Kaliningrad region in the local residents. The author shows that a special regional identity, which developed in the interaction with the unique cultural environment, requires a public discussion as decisions concerning the transfer of the ownership of cultural and historical objects to a religious organisation are made.

This article analyses the internal and external factors of social security in Russia in the late 2000s. The author pays special attention to the polysemy of the concept of social security and the problems of deviant behaviour. 1.  Очирова А. Социальная безопасность — основа социальной ...