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This article examines cooperation in the electric energy sector in the Baltic region. The author explores the existing undersea HVDC power exchange projects. It is emphasised that cooperation in the electric energy sector is concentrated largely in the EU member states despite earlier plans to establish the Baltic energy ring, which would also include Russia and Belarus. The author stresses that one of the most acute problems for the EU today is overcoming isolation of the energy systems of the Baltic...

The article offers an analytical review of the prospects for the formation of new hi-tech markets in the Baltic Sea region with the participation of small and medium businesses. In view of the essential features of entrepreneurship, its prospects in the development and implementation of innovations seem to be quite attractive. However, in the current economic context, growth requires special measures. The authors analyse the measures taken by the European Union and individual countries in order to...

The ‘pragmatics of language’ is a set of pragmatic means of a particular language, the meanings of which not only change the world, but also themselves change in the framework of discourse. At the same time, ‘linguistic pragmatics’ is a branch of linguistics that examines linguistic units from the point of view of their use. The ‘pragmatic turn’ of the 1970s in lin­guistics meant an interest in using language as an action in which words acquire their ac­tual mea­nings, sometimes radically different...

A current challenge in soybean cultivation is the development of biological inoculants based on symbiotic nitrogen-fixing microorganisms, which provide the crop with the necessary amount of nitrogen for full plant development and sufficient protein accumulation. In particular, biological inoculants containing live nitrogen-fixing microbial cells are in high demand. Nodulating bacteria of the genus Bradyrhizobium are considered promising candidates for such inoculants. The aim of this study was to...

The Kaliningrad region, as a Russian exclave located at the center of the Baltic region, has found itself at the epicenter of geopolitical confrontation between the Russian Federation and the collective West. With the launch of the Special Military Operation in Ukraine, confrontation with NATO, the European Union, and regional states has reached its peak. The geographical position of the Kaliningrad region has generated threats of transport and economic blockade, while simultaneously enhancing its...

The article examines musical motifs in the poetry of N. P. Gronsky, a representative of the first wave of the Russian diaspora, drawing on mythopoetic and hermeneutic approaches. It identifies the connection of his works with the concept of Pythagoreanism and the idea, characteristic of world art, of dividing the cosmos into Musica Mundana, Musica Humana, and Musica Instrumentalis, a concept particularly prevalent in Silver Age lyric poetry. In Gronsky’s lyrics, music is primarily associated with...

The study addresses the problem of prototypes for the central figure of P. I. Melnikov-Pechersky’s dilogy “In the Woods” and “On the Mountains” — the Old Believer merchant Patap Chapurin. The analysis examines established theories regarding the genesis of literary characters within scholarly discourse. Biographical details, religious beliefs, and social connections of historical figures are compared with the characteristics of Melnikov’s character. Particular attention is given to arguments supporting...

The article addresses the issue of collective reflection on various manifestations of reality. The aim of the study is to confirm the existence of cultural modality as a linguocultural category. This objective was achieved through the methods of description, componential and pragmatic analysis, and linguocultural interpretation. Using L. N. Tolstoy’s story “Polikushka” as material, the study examines the reactions of representatives of the 19th-century peasant world to different aspects of reality...

This article examines linguocultural and linguistic research on the Kashubian substra­tum, drawing on materials collected by Russian scholars, primarily those affiliated with Saint Pe­tersburg academic institutions, from the nineteenth to the twenty-first centuries. These materials, derived from recordings of native speakers’ oral speech as well as from written, lexicographic, and ethnographic sources, constitute an invaluable empirical foundation for the study of Kashubian. The article offers an...

This article investigates the phenomenon of cancel culture as a contemporary manifesta­tion of social ostracism and a mechanism of discursive manipulation within English-language media discourse. Particular emphasis is placed on its interrelation with wokeism, which oper­ates as an ideological and axiological framework shaping a system of values centred on equali­ty, inclusivity, and social justice. Cancel culture, in this context, functions as a pragmatic instrument of value enforcement, realised...

This paper delineates the field of realistic discourse and its internal diversity. It develops a conceptual matrix of epic realism and explicates its key features: the individualisation of collective experience; the transposition of the monumentality of the past into the present and the future; and the transformation of monumentality that results in a problematization of the presumed final impeccability of the author and, ultimately, of the hero. The study examines Ernst J?nger’s intellectual novel...

The article demonstrates, through a series of examples, that reflection on signs relates to two distinct mental operations: the exchange of sign messages between subjects (com­mu­nication), and the interpretation of signs and sign systems that lack a subjective sender and originate either in natural objects or in the impersonal domain of “culture”. This duality of the object of analysis gives rise to persistent terminological difficulties, which surface in Aris­totle’s treatment of the relationship...

The study examines a model of relations with the European Union referred to as “de facto membership.” The high relevance of this format of interaction stems from the challenges cur­rently facing the EU, in particular issues related to its international actorness, as well as a number of EU initiatives aimed at establishing more flexible forms of cooperation, including in the field of foreign policy. The concept complements existing formats of differentiated inte­gration and external differentiation...

The article presents the results of a political science analysis of the relationship between cybersecurity and Russia’s information sovereignty, with a focus on the role of domestic digi­tal technologies in ensuring national security. Theoretical approaches to the concept of infor­mation sovereignty are outlined, along with key cybersecurity challenges facing Russia in the context of global threats, as well as the importance of developing indigenous technologies and infrastructure to maintain the...

The views of representatives of monarchist circles within Russian society toward the last Russian emperor during the years of the First World War are examined. The study concludes that two models of monarchists’ attitudes toward Nicholas II during the specified period can be identified. The apologetic model was based on monarchists’ perception of the emperor’s personal virtues, including his loyalty to duty. Among the prominent apologists of the mon­arch was A. I. Dubrovin, the founder of the All-Russian...

The circumstances of granting V. M. Lermontov a personal national retirement benefit are identified; in particular, attention is paid to the specific features of assigning pensions of this type to relatives of Russian literary classics, his biography is уточнена, and the degree of kinship with the poet is established. The authors of the study are guided by the principles of historicism and scholarly objectivity. The historical and biographical method, based on the analysis of documents of a personal...

A commented translation of a short but substantive correspondence of 1923 between Kusling, Chief Inspector of the dams of the Memel Delta, R. I. Detlefsen, Conservator of His­torical and Cultural Monuments of East Prussia, and W. Sch?nichen, Director of the State Commission for the Protection of Natural Monuments in Prussia, is published. The corre­spondence discusses the need to protect an untouched area of wilderness in the north-west of East Prussia, which received the unofficial name “Staldzen...

The paper presents the results of a study of the acute contact toxicity of imidacloprid and thiacloprid to honey bees (Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758). The experiment assessed survival and behavioral activity of insects at 4, 24, and 48 hours after a single exposure to various concentrations of the insecticides. It was found that both compounds exhibit high insecticidal activity; however, the nature of their effects differs significantly. Thiacloprid shows an earlier onset of toxic effects and bee...

The study of the spatial development of territories is one of the pressing tasks of social geography of the XX—XXI centuries. In the era of modern globalization and transformation of the world economy, strengthening of agglomeration effects and concentration of economic forces and population in a small number of centers, the problem of development, recovery and revival of depressed and peripheral territories is of particular importance. The purpose of this article is to conduct a critical analysis...

The increasing recreational needs of modern society have led to the formation and development of recreational nature management. In improving recreational nature management, it is necessary to establish a land-use system that meets not only current but also future needs of society, the state, business, and the population — the natural end users of natural and recreational resources. A new methodological approach is proposed for assessing the nature-recreational potential of a specific territory....

... Political will and readiness for compromise are recognized as no less important than financial resources. The INSTC remains a project with high ambitions, but its transformation into a competitive global transport artery depends on the ability of the parties to overcome current systemic constraints through coordinated international efforts and comprehensive modernization. transport corridor, logistics, International North-South Transport Corridor (INSTC), alternative transportation route, international ...

The article examines the problem of representing the history and culture of Old Believers in the journalistic writings of the recognized classics of anarchist thought—M. A. Bakunin, P. A. Kropotkin and L. N. Tolstoy. It is shown that representatives of the Russian anar­chist movement re­garded Old Believers as a potential support in the struggle against the tsar­ist government. According to the views of the revolutionaries, the mentality of Old Believers shared numerous similarities with the ethics...

... “Königsberg period” (1912—1921) in his career is characterized, this period involved teaching at Albertina University and the writing of several important scholarly works, including a fundamental monograph on the history of Roman aristocratic parties and families. The state of the sources does not allow for a complete reconstruction of the professor’s everyday life at Albertina. Nevertheless, the article attempts to recreate the circumstances of Münzer’s personal and professional life ...

The aim of the research is to analyze the contemporary politics of memory in Romania in the early 2020s. The author examines the role and place of intellectual communities as key spaces of memory genesis and the functioning of memorial culture and collective historical memory in the contemporary social and political thought of Romania. The novelty of the study lies in exploring the current stage in the development of the historical politics of Roma­nian society in the context of an objective deficit...

During the years of Perestroika, discussions about Stalinism and the Soviet legacy be­came a focal point of public attention. In the Kaliningrad region, interest in history during this period shifted towards the regional pre-war past, the cultural heritage of the area, the history of its settlement, and the development by Soviet people. Historical themes became one of the leading motifs in the works of Kaliningrad poets. The aim of the article is to identify the “images of the past” that shaped the...

The avalanche-like nature of information flows has led today to the destructuring of all communication links in the world. Political communications under these conditions look more and more like channels with expanding "black boxes" and improperly used "white noise". The purpose of this analysis is to identify the specifics of political communication under conditions of international bifurcations. The methodology of the analysis is based on the symbiosis of modern theories: mathematical...

The author studies the activity of Russian military engineers operating under the command of D. I. Debosket in the army of S. F. Apraksin on the territory of Prussia during the Seven Years' War. It is shown that as the province was occupied by Russian troops, the engineering tasks were changing: there was a transition from equipping the track infrastructure to restoring defensive facilities. Restoration work was complicated by a variety of circumstances, including the lack of military engineers in...

The article is devoted to the problem of the development of the Vladivostok commercial port in the early 1920s. The first quarter of the XX century was a time of severe trials for the whole of Russia in general and the Far East in particular: World War I; Civil War; foreign intervention. All this time, the Vladivostok Harbor was in fact the only source of external contacts of the remote region. Being the largest Russian port on the Pacific Ocean, Vladivostok has historically been a kind of center...

The article studies the private documents of jurors of the Russian Empire such as diaries and memoirs and analyses them as a complex of historical sources containing unique information about the course of the trial and the work of the jury. The pool of documents included two diaries and eight memoirs. The author evaluated the authorship, purpose, place of creation of these documents as well as their content and cognitive value. It is noted that the memoirs under the study share the features which...

The analysis of the procedural position of the prosecutor at the current stage of initiating a criminal case, the legal regulation of which has undergone significant changes, has been carried out. The participation of the prosecutor in the stage of initiating a criminal case is limited by the lack of his rights to prove, independent decision-making at this stage. As a result of the implementation of the concept of the procedural independence of the preliminary investigation body, the prosecutor is...

The results of a scientific study are presented, with participants being students enrolled in the Bachelor's program in "State and Municipal Management," whose future professional activities are closely related to interpersonal relationships in professional communication. The experimental base for the study was provided by the Western Branch of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federa­tion (RANEPA). The students' inclination...

The universally recognized position in both Russian and global Chekhov studies is that the artistic detail, as a linguistic-poetic device, micro-image, a means of conveying factu­al/con­ceptual/subtextual information, is a particularly significant feature of Chekhov's idio­lect. The aim of this article is to identify and describe the linguistic-poetic techniques of intro­ducing details into the text, their actualization or elimination, the evolution of meanings, and the functions of illustrative...

The author identifies the features of ironic narration in general and the narrative of a lit­erary work in particular. The main characteristics of irony as an independent textual catego­ry, encompassing hidden authorial evaluation, have been established. Based on the analysis of N. V. Gogol's works, it is concluded that the ironic narrative of the writer is built on mecha­nisms that generate contradiction in various contexts. Gogol's irony serves as an indicator of the author's transition from the...

The article examines the features of representing the confrontational speech strategy of discreditation, used in everyday communication, particularly in marital discourse. The goal of the research is to identify the speech tactics employed in domestic communication between spouses for the purpose of discrediting and weakening the communicative position of the communication partner. To achieve the research goal, descriptive method, method of compo­nent analysis, observation and interpretation method...

The article examines the ways in which the original East Prussian and new Soviet oikonyms were concorded during the post-war renaming of some settlements in the Kaliningrad region. A comparative phonetic and semantic analysis of the respective names revealed that the same thematic correlation (with a predominance of references to the flora, fauna and water bodies of the area) and ideological antonymy, usually manifested in an indirect form, prevail among them. In addition, translation (usually partial)...

The object of this study is a blog as a form of digital communication that often violate the linguistic security. The subject of the study was the comments of Yandex-Zen blogs about cooking and beauty as a tool for the implementation of verbal abuse. The purpose of the study is to highlight the linguo-conflictogenic components of discourse that violate the linguistic security of participants in digital communication. To achieve this goal, a descriptive method and the method of discursive analysis...

This research focuses on the linguistic and cultural specifics of the concept «unity in diversity» in P. B. Shelley’s poem “Love’s philosophy”. The study reflects the expert linguistic interest to the national cultural and individual author’s specificity in interpreting philosophical concepts in literature, which have a meaning-­forming function within the space-time continuum of literary works. The aim of this research is to study the linguistic and cultural specifics of the concept «unity in diversity»...

The poetry of Veniamin Blazhenny (the Blessed) can be seen as a vivid example of the translation of the typological properties of the language of mysticism in late 20th century poetry. The artistic nature of the work of the Blessed during this time did not receive a fundamental analysis. The soul, a key concept of Blazhenny’s poetry, reveals undoubted similarities with the conceptualization of the soul and the idea of metempsychosis in Jewish and Judeo-­Christian mysticism. This study focuses on...

The aim of this study was to investigate the levels of emissions and identify the sources of NOx and SO2 pollution in a rural station in the south-eastern Baltic (Diabla Gora). This analysis was conducted using hourly NOx and SO2 concentration data and meteorological variables (wind speed and direction), which were analyzed over a period of four years (2018—2021). Time series plots, wind and pollutant roses, application of a conditional probability function, and inverse trajectories were considered...

The modern transformation of the world order and Russia's new place in it, which gener­ates additional problematic situations and challenges for the country, initiate the "municipal­ization" of approaches both in socio-geographical, regional studies, and in the field of state regulation of spatial development. In the municipal theme itself, at the same time, issues relat­ed to geopolitics come to the fore. The article presents general theoretical ideas about the geo­political aspects of...

In recent decades, interest in halophyte plants has increased due to their high content of biologically active substances with powerful antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antitumor properties and promising for the prevention of various diseases. Several species of halophytes grow on the territory of the Kaliningrad region, among which the rare species Spergularia marina (L.) Griseb. is of particular interest, the biological activity and content of secondary metabolites of which have...

The tourism geography currently uses a variety of approaches to analyze tourist flows. The purpose of the study is to identify geographical features in the distribution of inbound tourist flows in the Benelux countries, using various approaches to data aggregation and visualization. The study is based on the national tourism statistics of the Benelux countries. Five leading countries in terms of the volume of inbound tourist flow in this region are considered: France, Germany, the United Kingdom...

In 2022, the term “unfriendly countries / territories” was introduced as a “new” criterion for differentiating countries participating in foreign economic activity. Given the fact that about 30 % of national budget is formed by the foreign economic activity, the assessment of the prospects for maintaining the existing supply geography becomes expedient. The article divides the subjects into four groups, taking into account the “new” criterion which determines the level of contribution of “unfriendly”...

The article studies complexes of documents that were compiled in the Executive Authorities’ Archives and that are connected with citizens’ appeals to different authorities. The author reveals that it was the local executive bodies that chiefly processed citizens’ appeals, most of which were returned to the Executive Committee for them to be finally solved. Such applications concerned first of all citizens’ particular daily needs, such as electricity and food products supply, public utilities. The...

The article examines monarchism as a form of memorial culture and historical policy in contemporary German society. The research aims to analyze monarchism as a form of historical memory. The author explores the role and significance of monarchist intellectuals in shaping historical policy and the memorial culture that evolves within the framework of monarchist historical imagination. The novelty of the study lies in examining the current stage of monarchist ideology in Germany, not as a form of...

The analysis of the concept of a reasonable timeframe for court proceedings is a pressing issue in the current stage of the development of criminal procedure in Russia. Several international mechanisms for protecting individual rights in the sphere of criminal proceedings, including those for contesting reasonable timeframes, have been lost. The study employed general and specific scientific methods, such as dialectical, axiological, and synergetic approaches, as well as the theory of social action...