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This article develops a theory of the structure of operational and functional components of the thinking process: the problems of analysing procedural units of thinking are formulated; the content of the “method of thinking” and “technique of thinking” concepts are given a precise definition. The author analyses the content and relational characteristics of procedural units of different types. 1. Гальперин П. Я. Психология как объективная наука. М. ; Воронеж, 1998. 2. Шилков Ю. М. Гносеологические...

This article is dedicated to the new form of governance — the open method of coordination — in the EU system of governance. This method is considered in the framework of the ‘new governance’ approach as opposed to the Community Method. The author justifies new modes of governance, offers their key characteristics and outlines their possible ways of development. 1.      Sundholm M. The open method of co-ordination: the Linux of European inte­gration? A theoretical and empirical study of the method...

On the basis of an analysis of concrete criminal cases, the authors describe the structure of forensic characteristics of crimes against public officers and its basic elements and consider the criteria of forensic classification of such crimes. 1.  Яблоков Н.   П. Криминалистика. М., 2010. 2.  Третьяков К. В. Уголовная ответственность за насилие в отношении пред­ставителя власти: автореф. дис. … канд. юр. наук. Самара, 2009. 3.  Гамидов Р. Т. Применение насилия в отношении представителя...

... trade navigation in the open sea, the need to define the nature of vessel's activity is of utmost importance for the ascertainment of vessel's immunity. At the same time, today, the international legislator establishes two criteria of the commercial character of a deal: the "purpose" of the deal and the "nature of the deal", the latter being the crucial one. The author considers the theoretical aspects of the priority of "purpose" criterion for the ascertainment of the ...

Microalgae are common in soil, marine and freshwater ecological systems. They are able to accumulate valuable biologically active substances in the course of life. At present, microalgae have not been studied well enough. Thus, the purpose of this project was to study the physicochemical properties of microalgae of the Baltic Sea in the Kaliningrad region. The amount of protein was determined by the Bradford method, while lipids were assessed by the Folch method. As a result of the work, it was proved...

The combination of two major economic and geographical factors — the presence of the border and access to the sea — largely determine the features of socio-economic development of the coastal regions of the Western borderlands of Russia and, as a consequence, the migration processes here. The purpose of the article is to identify the importance of these factors for migration in the coastal regions of the Western borderlands of Russia. The study showed that almost all the studied regions use their...

Interest in nitrogen-containing heterocycles can be brought about by the possibility of obtaining organic compounds with new properties by introduc­ing various substituents into the structure. The aim of this work is to aminate quinoid structures with dibenzothiazine to produce condensed heterocycles with a bridged nitrogen atom. It is the N-substituted derivatives that form a bridge between the dibenzothiazine molecule and the substituent that are con­sidered as the most promising substances. When...

The article contains all the available data on average monthly discharges and water levels for the rivers under study, that provided the background for the hydrological series of these characteristics which are found to be in a close stochastic connection. Linear regression equations connect the average month­ly discharges and water levels in the rivers under study. They also provide for the graphs of the relationship between the considered values, and the bounda­ries of their confidence intervals...

The author uses longitudinal observation to identify risk factors, pathogenesis and clinical characteristics of the senile and endogenous depression in women. It is noted that a comparison of clinical characteristics 1. Плотников С. М. К патогенезу, клинике и терапии инволюционного психоза. Ижевск, 1972. 2. Фотьянов М. И. О затяжном течении инволюционной депрессии : дис. … канд. мед. наук, М., 1965. 3. Бутырина З. В. Результаты отдаленного катамнеза депрессивных психозов инволюционного возраста...

The article examines the emergence and development of Crimea (including Sevastopol) as Russia’s fourth exclave. Using the typology of the world’s enclave areas as objects of political geography, the author identifies distinctive characteristics of the Kaliningrad region and Crimea (the Crimean federal district) and compares them to other national and international enclaves. Another focus is the evolution of both territories from the national exclaves within the USSR into external ones. The author...

The leading mechanisms and causes of severe therapy resistant asthma are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to define global patterns of gene expression in adults with severe therapy-resistant asthma. Performed 24-week prospective interventional study in parallel groups. Severe asthma patients was aposterior divided at therapy sensitive and resistant patients according to ATS criteria. Global transcriptome profile was characterized using the Affymetrix HuGene ST1.0 chip. 1. Global Burden...

This article analyses the characteristics of the energy spectrum of mixture ratio and air temperature in the troposphere of the Antarctic obtained by Fourier analysis. Selected peaks of spectral density of mixing ratio and air temperature monthly averages are interpreted as annual and semi-annual fluctuations. The spectral density of random function is considered as the energy spectrum of functions. It is shown that activity zones are present in the troposphere of the Antarctic. 1. Аверьянов В....

This article focuses on the genesis of and correlation between the related concepts of enclave and exclave and the scope of their use in different sciences, fields of knowledge, and everyday speech. The author examines the circumstances of their emergence in the reference and professional literature in the Russian language. Special attention is paid to the typology of the world’s enclave territories as objects of political geography; at the same time, their new categories and divisions (international...

This article analyses characteristics of 25 rivers of the Gulf of Finland basin where the monitoring of the streamflow chemical composition was performed. The authors consider the dynamics of biogenic element content in the streamflow, the relation of the drainage areas to certain landscapes, the share of agricultural lands and tillage in the drainage areas, the forest-land percentage, a rural population density, and the forest age and type. 1. Isachenko, A. G. 1995. Jekologicheskaja geografija...

The article positions trans-border regions that are formed in the course of cooperation between the administrative, territorial and municipal institutions of neighbouring countries or have similar important characteristics, in the hierarchical system of regions. The authors prove trans-border regions to be a type of international regions and consider specific characteristics of these regions using the Baltic region as an example. 1. Алаев Э. Б. Социально-экономическая география. Понятийно-терминологический...

... of the actualization in the text structure of synergetic interaction between two anthropocentric functional-semantic narrative systems — the "primary" (author — reader — interpreter-critic) and the "secondary" (narrator — character) are described. 1. Андреева В. А. Ist "Text" weniger als "Diskurs"? Überlegungen zur Abgrenzung der zentralbegriffe der Text- und Diskurslinguistik // Text- und Diskurslinguistik: Traditionen und Trends. СПб....

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, infection, pathogenicity factors, immune response 95-113 10.5922/vestniknat-2026-1-7