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The article reviews the influence of various factors on the accuracy and reproducibility of liver stiffness measurements using shear wave elastography (SWE), as well as on the reliability of judgments about the norm and patholo­gy. The tasks included analyzing the factors affecting the accuracy of meas­urements of liver stiffness depending on the equipment; testing various SWE techniques for their advantages and disadvantages; identifying the factors de­pending on the patient (body mass index, gender...

The article is devoted to the urgent problem of economic security of the Russian border regions, directly adjacent to Ukraine: Kursk, Belgorod, Voro­nezh, Rostov and Krasnodar regions. The study is going to assess the level of economic security in these regions, as well as its dynamics ...

The article focuses on the examples of modern diagnostics of compression neuropathy of the median nerve in the carpal canal, because currently the unanimous assessment of the results during ultrasound and ENMG seems to be problematic. The purpose of the work is to propose a standard for the most effective algorithm for diagnosing patients with CCS. The study was per­formed on 98 patients examined in the Kaliningrad regional clinical hospital, the department of traumatology and orthopedics at the...

... 2. Melamid A. Enclaves and Exclaves // International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. Vol. 5. N. Y., 1968. P. 60—62. 3. Catudal H. M. Exclaves // Cashiers de Géographie de Quebec. 1974. № 18 (43). P. 107—136. 4. Catudal H. M. The Exclave Problem of Western Europe. Tuscaloosa, 1979. 5. Reid S. Canada Remapped: how the partition Quebec will reshape the nation. Vancouver, 1992. 6. Smith B. The Cognitive Geometry of War // Current Issues in Political Philosophy. Vienna, 1997. P. 394—403....

... J., Curry W. B., Richter C., Bralower T. J. (eds.). Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results. 1997. Vol. 154, № 27. P. 395—431. 41. Van der Zwaan G. J., Duijnstee I. A. P., Den Dulk M. et al. Benthic foraminifers: proxies or problems? A review of paleoecological concepts // Earth Sciences Reviews. 1999. Vol. 46. P. 213—236. 42. World Ocean Atlas 2009 // National Centers for Environmental Information. URL: https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/WOA09/pr_woa09.html (дата обращения: ...

The article focuses on the approaches that explain the essence of scien­to­metrics as a set of methods for studying science. The paper also discusses the use of scientometric instruments in the spatial analysis of the geography of knowledge. The countries of the Baltic region were taken as an example. The empirical base of the research was the international database Scopus and an analytical tool for monitoring and analyzing scientific research — SciVal. On the basis of three methods of spatial scientometrics...

The Kaliningrad region has a sub-replacement fertility rate (with a total fertility rate of about 1.8) and a slightly negative rate of natural increase. With a net migration of up to 10,000 people per year (Russian regions account for 37 % of this figure), the population of the region is increasing and the workforce number is stable. Population change and age-sex structure forecasts strongly rely on the estimates of prospective net migration and a rate of natural increase. Accompanied by a decreasing...

... phenomena that lack a common management system. However, this approach is poorly applicable to the Curonian Lagoon, the delta of the River Neman, and the adjacent coastal area. Only when these elements are analysed as a single whole, one can see the problems of the region in their entirety. This article is the very first attempt to provide an overview of possible ways to use the Russian part of this region as a single water and land system in view of the close interdependence between land, waters,...

... R., Dissayabutr W. et al. The comparative absorption of silicon from different foods and food supplements // Br. J. Nutr. 2009. Vol. 102, № 6. P. 825—834. 32. Stratta P., Canavese C., Messuerotti A. et al. Silica and renal diseases: no longer a problem in the 21st century? // J. Nephrol. 2001. Vol. 14(4). P. 228—247. 33. Taşdemir M., Fuçucuoğlu D., Özman O. et al. Silicate calculi, a rare cause of kidney stones in children // Pediatr Nephrol. 2017. Vol. 32(2). P. 371—374. 34. Vupputuri ...

In this review, we approach Russian terminology in elastography by discussing elastography technique classifications using terms that take into account the essence of physical patterns underlying various elastography techniques. Elastography techniques used in clinical practice are divided into four groups: strain elastography, transient elastography, point shear wave elastography, and 2D shear wave elastography. Based on physical principles, two types are identified: strain elastography and shear...

... and partly in the Tersko-Sulak lowland. The deflation processes are mainly seen in the soils of light mechanical composition and areas with a diluted grass stand. Degumation of soils varies in all areas, but is most pronounced in cropping areas. The problem of soil salinization is characteristic of arid irrigated areas. In the most developed and densely populated plains and foothill areas, the earth is prone to pollution (hydrocarbons, production and consumption wastes). Assessment of the geo-ecological ...

In this article, I examine trends in the development of cross-border coop­eration between the Kaliningrad Region of the Russian Federation and the Republics of Lithuania and Poland within a range of cross-border cooperation programmes. I analyse all the projects approved within three cross-border co­operation projects over the past ten years. I focus on the projects that were successfully completed by the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University — a key actor in cooperation. I examine collaborations...

... Проблемы природопользования севера европейской части СССР : сб. ст. / под ред. Г. А. Воробьева. Вологда, 2017. С. 75—81. URL: https://www.booksite.ru/fulltext/natural/probleme/index.htm (дата обращения: 01.04.2018). 16. Романова Е. А., Виноградова О. Л., Фризина И. В. Эффект сжатия социально-экономического пространства в условиях ...

The problem we address in this paper is how the meanings of terms de­noting various liver elastography methods are understood when translated in­to Russian. We provide an overview of various elastography methods and their physical principles in order to ...

... ambivalent: if the relations with neighboring countries and the EU as a whole are favorable, then cross-border links that promote competitiveness and socio-economic development of the border regions also develop. If, as of the beginning of 2018, there are problems in mutual relations, both sides suffer economic losses, and their competitors win. In general, the economy of the Kaliningrad region is developing faster than in most regions of the Russian Federation, and, it can be assume that one of the factors ...

The article examines the role of the family physician in the implementation of the interdisciplinary approach to primary specialized dental care. The authors use SWOT analysis as the main research method, which allows them to determine the feasibility of introducing the interdisciplinary approach. Delegating some of the advisory and diagnostic functions to a general practitioner (family doctor) has its strengths and weaknesses. It has risks of reducing the quality of primary and secondary dental...

... Gertler M. S. Being there — proximity, organization, and culture in the development and adoption of advanced manufacturing technologies // Economic Geography. 1995. № 71(1). P. 1—26. 55. Granovetter M. Economic action and social structure: The problem of embeddedness // American Journal of Sociology. 1985. № 91. P. 481—510. 56. Hillery G. A. Definitions of Community: Area of Agreement // Rural Sociology. 1955. № 20(2). P. 111—123. 57. Hoover E. M., Giarratani F. An Introduction to ...

... presents an approach to calculating returns on investment based on a corresponding model. Special attention is paid to analysing the nature of investment in certain parcels of land. The article esti-mates the role of investment tools in solving the problem of sporadic develop-ment of urban spaces. The proposed model makes it possible to conduct a pre-dictive spatial analysis of investment activity to identify the priorities of urban development at the level of individual parcels of land. Синочкин ...

... Internet and printed local media have served as an object of research. Results of the research confirm a hypothesis that images crested by media usually do not correspond to real technical aspect of environmental risks and are addressed as a political problem. 1. Самотесов Е. Д., Тощева Г. П., Рыбальский Н. Г., Галкин Ю. Ю. Методология и основы организации общественного участия в процессе принятия ...

.... This article analyses the feautures of substance abuse in youth in the town of Bagrationovsk, including risks associated with substance abuse, the influence of family and social environment, and the attitudes of young people to the substance abuse problem. The data obtained can be used as a tool for local specialstis and policymakers active in the field of substance abuse prevention in youth in the process of preventive work at the local level. 1. Ахметова О. А., Слободская ...

This article analyses the problem of ecological damage assessment and estmiates realted human effect based on the methodology of identifying pre¬vented ecological damage for a water-scarce region in the case of the Ural River basin. Calculations use regional per-unit damage data ...

The article studies current trends and problems of demographic development in Central Russia. Particular attention is paid to the Smolensk region which is considered to be one of the most demographically troubled Russian regions. The causes of the drop in absolute and relative fertility rates ...

The author analyses the problem of suicide. The article contains a statistical analysis of 349 cases of suicide committed by the inhabitants of the city of Kaliningrad in 2013—2015. The author examines the age and sex of the victims, seasonal characteristics of suicides, their ...

The level of economic activities in the coastal zone of the Sambia Peninsula once again necessitates a comprehensive study of its coastal zone transformation. This problem, alongside those of relief formation in the coastal and nearshore zones, has been addressed by several generations of German, Soviet, and Russian researchers. This article provides a historical analysis of relevant research works from the early ...

... von. L. General System Theory — A Critical Review // General Systems. 1962. Vol. 7. P. 1—20. 8. Bertalanffy von. L. Zu einer allgemeinen Systemlehre // Biologia Generalis.1949. № 195. S. 114—129. 9. Pirozhnik I. I. Economic and geographic problems of formation of territorial recreational systems and recreational division into districts in large economic region : author’s summary of dissertation for degree of Candidate of Geography. Minsk, 1976. 10. Preobrazhensky V. S., Vedenin Yu....

... the demand for territories associated with urban planning, which determine planning decisions, urban environment zoning, and the development and confiscation of infrastructure. The authors consider methodological approaches and the ways to solve the problem of territory deficiency: artificial accretion areas (land reclamation, drainage, underwater construction) and the use of satellite town resources. The article emphasizes the necessity for the demarcation of suburban areas and their management....

This article focuses on the problem of agrarian land use transformation in the Kaliningrad region in 1960-2011. The author offers and assessment of the geoecological conditions of administrative units, as well as an index of favourable apiculture development conditions. 1. Гаева ...

... Beloglazov S. M., Gorilenko N. N., Beloglazov G. S. Microbiological corrosion of mild steel at the presence of sulphate reducing bacteria: the influence of inhibitors and stimulators of hydrogen absorption //Corrosion in natural and industrial environments: Problems and industrial solutions, Proc. Int. Conf., Grado. 23—25 May 1995. Grado, 1995. P. 211—218. 6. Beloglazov S. M., Beloglazov G. S. Inhibitors of steel corrosion and hydrogenation in two phase system at the presence of sulphate reducing ...

This paper addresses the problem of solid waste disposal and considers the impact of disposal sites on the urban environment. The author examines the role of microorganisms in the process of soil self-purification and provides data on the condition of the soil microflora in Kaliningrad ...

The article is devoted to the study of cultural landscape systems of the European part of Russia. The author addresses the problems of the current state of cultural landscape zoning in Russian geography and considers a vari-ant of cultural landscape zoning of the European part of Russia at different territorial levels on the basis of the system approach. The author describes ...

This article deals with the territorial features of higher education and the development of poles in world education as one of the problems of asymmetry in global economy. 1. Academic Ranking of World Universities — 2010. URL: http://www.arwu.org/ ARWU2010.jsp 2. Азиатско-Тихоокеанское экономическое сотрудничество (АТЭС) ...

... and ensure cargo and passenger transit between world economic centres – the Pacific Rim and the European Union. The article offers a characteristic of main means of transport forming the transport structure of the region and identifies the basic problems peculiar to the regional transport complex as a whole and suggests ways to overcome them. 1. Винокуров Е. Ю. Экономическая специализация Калининградской области : моногр. / науч....

The article considers the main polluting factors of urban soils and estimates the impact of anthropogenic pressure on the quantitative and qualitative composition of soil microflora. The authors outline the prospects of research on the microflora of Kaliningrad soils situated in different ecological conditions. 1. Ананьева Н.   Д., Сусьян Е.   А. Развитие фундаментальных идей В.   А. Ковды в почвенной микробиологии // Почвенные процессы и пространственно-вре­менная организация почв / под ред....

The article considers key conditions for implementation of urbanrural partnership in Russian regions as a means of a new approach to regional development problems solving. 1.  Либоракина М.   И. Проблемы и перспективы местного самоуправления: не­зависимая экспертиза реформы / Фонд «Либеральная миссия»,...

This article considers the problem of biodiversity preservation and environmental education on the premises of the Botanic garden of the Immanuel Kant State University of Russia. The authors argue that the Botanic garden has favourable opportunities for promoting environmental ...

The practical solution for the most acute problems of biodiversity preservation in the region requires the restoration of the conservation area network. This article gives an assessment of the previous and perspective conservation area networks on the basis of landscape design experience and ...

This article analyses earlier works, which provide the basis for addressing the problem of the optimisation of regional nature management in the conditions of the Kaliningrad region. The author reviews the current state of landscapes and their development and emphasises the significance of landscape and geographical factors for efficient ...

The article explores the problem of organic compounds polluting natural watercurrents (on the example of Susuja waters phosphate pollution). 1.  Егоренков Л.   И., Кочуров Б.   И. Геоэкология. М.: Финансы и статистика, 2005....

This article estimates the impact of the natural resources of the Kirov region on the territorial division of labour and the problem of insufficient exploitation of natural resources potential in the framework of interregional and foreign connections. 1.  Регионы России: социально-экономические показатели 2006: стат. сб....

The practical solution for the most acute problems of biodiversity preservation in the region requires the restoration of the conservation area network. This article gives an assessment of the previous and perspective conservation area networks on the basis of landscape design experience and ...

The dumped waste from the industrial complex still threatens the biosphere. The solution to the problem lies in integrated research and the resumption of plant operation accompanied by complete waste utilization and extraction of all commercial components. 1. Андрейчик М.   Ф. Загрязнение атмосферы, почв и ...

This article addresses the physical, biogeochemical and physiological factors in the framework of marine invertebrate biodiversity problem. The comparison of the biodiversity indicators of fossils and modern organisms is considered as the crucial method of the reconstruction of alterations in populations and ecosystems. 1. Блажчишин А.   И. Палеогеография ...

This article considers a city as an ecosystem in terms of opportunities to satisfy natural and social human needs. The author addresses the problem of creating environmentally safe and aesthetically attractive conditions in a modern city.. 1. Апресян Г.   З. Эстетические отношения к природе в социалистическом об­ществе. М....

This article is dedicated to territorial administration. The author defines its object and agent, outlines the hierarchical structure, and determines the key problem sets in the system of territorial administration. 1.        Анимица Е.   Г., Тертышный А.   Т. Основы местного самоуправления: учеб­ник. М., 2000. 2.        Анимица ...

... Федоров Г.   М., Зверев Ю.   М., Корнеевец В.   С . Российский эксклав на Балтике. Калининград, 1997. 6.   Palmowski T., Fedorov G., Korneevets V. (editors). Economic, geopolitical and social problems of co-operation between Kaliningrad and Poland // Coastal Regi­ons, N 6. Gdynia ; Peplin, 2003.

... and communications, which support the life cycle of a CHPP. The author conducted an analysis of the basic features of an integral CHPP AIZ and its elements. This concept may have a certain theoretical significance in solving optimizing environmental problems at the level of individual territories and the country in whole. 1.      Брюхань А.   Ф., Брюхань К.   Ф., Хныкин И.   А. Об идентификации зон техно­генного воздействия ...

This article aims to discuss the problematic aspects of the technogenesis impact on the river mouth areas (through the example of Baltic rivers). The author comes to a conclusion on the negative geoecological consequences of this process. 1.      Богданов Н.   А., Воронцов А.   А., Морозова Л.   Н. Тенденции химического за­грязнения и динамика Калининградского залива // Вод. ресурсы. 2004. Т. 31, №   5. С. 576—590. 2.      Селиверстов Ю.   П. Инженерно-географические аспекты освоения усть­евых...

The solution to the problem of immune memory generation in pathological processes of various kinds is a subject of theoretical investigations of the biomedical science. The role of immune memory in different diseases is ambiguous and may have both positive and negative consequences....