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This article offers an ecological analysis of natural ecosystems used in the monitoring of the microflora of soil lands. The authors characterize the soilvegetation cover of the ecosystems of the Kaliningrad Peninsula. The difference in the species composition of phytocenoses and their environmental conditions is identified. 1. Дедков В. П., Куркина М. В., Лукина А. И. и др. Новые данные о микро-флоре почв Калининграда // Проблемы озеленения крупных городов : матер. XII Междунар. науч.-практич....

This article analyses the environmental features of the dominant species of upland meadow plants. The authors identify their relation to a certain fraction of ecological valence according to ten ecological factors as well as the index of the plants’ tolerance to soil and climatic factors. 1. Жукова Л. А. Методология и методика определения экологической валентности, стеноэврибионтности видов растений // Методы популяционной биологии : матер. Всероссийского популяционного семинара (Сыктыв- кар, 16—21...

The object of research presented in the article is maritime transport as a system building type of the Baltic transborder transport region identified within the Baltic region. The author describes maritime transport as a key element of the transnational transport region ensuring the activation and development of new forms of international cooperation in the Baltic area. 1. Йонниеми П. Стратегия ЕС для региона Балтийского моря: чего мы достигли? // Балтийский регион. 2010. Вып. 2(4). С. 44—47...

A cross-spectrum analysis of socially and environmentally induced disease rate in population serves as the basis for the authors’ typology of administrative districts of the Kaliningrad region according to medical and environmental factors. The authors identify the dependence between the quality of environment, healthcare infrastructure and the health condition of population. 1. Баринова Г. М., Кохановская М. И., Серых Л. О. Геоэкологический подход к анализу распространенности болезней органов дыхания...

The biological parameters of environment, such as the period of phenological phenomena, tree-rings, and physiological reactions in plants react to external and internal changes in the conditions of growth that can be used as indicators of the environment, its condition and changes. This article identifies the differences in the thermodynamic reactions of trees growing in areas with different seismicity. 1. Serreze M. C., Walsh J. E., Chapin F. S. et al. Observational evidence of recent changes in...

This article investigates the state of chironomid communities in Lake Penkovoe, Pond Isakovsky, Pond Shkolny, and the Karasevka pond system in Kaliningrad in spring 2011. The authors provide new data on the species composition, abundance, and biomass of chironomidae. The Shannon, Simpson, Balushkin, and Margalef indices were calculated for the chironomid communities. The authors identified the dominant species in the communities of chironomids and evaluated the quality of water in the studied water...

This article offers the results of an analysis of natural and anthropogenic impacts on eolian coastal marine natural complexes of the Curonian and Vistula spits. The authors identify the contribution of natural and anthropogenic factors to the transformation of the spits’ natural complexes. 1. Бадюкова Е. Н., Жиндарев Л. А., Лукьянова С. А. и др. Особенности современной динамики лагунных берегов Куршской косы, Юго-Восток Балтики // Новые и традиционные идеи в математическом моделировании и прогнозировании...

This article offers an analysis of a series of maximum values of annual levels in 1950-2009 and historical maximums of storm onsets in Kaliningrad. The authors calculated the linear trend equation and identified the duration of onset cycles. The article offers a forecast for 2016. 1. Любимова О. Е., Иванов С. Н., Бережный Б. Д. Анализ динамики уровня в устьевой зоне р. Преголи у г. Калининграда // Проблемы управления социально-экономическими процессами регионов : матер. VI междунар. науч.-практ...

This article analyses the content of phenolic antioxidants and ascorbic acid in medicinal plants of 66 species from 31 families. The study identified palnt species with a maximum content of biologically active compounds (phenolic antioxidants and ascorbic acid) and high antioxidant activity. These plants can be used as a basis for the creation of innovative functional food products that have high antioxidant activity. 1. Miliauskas G., Venskutonis P. R., Beek T. A. Screening of radical scavenging...

The authors registered a high content of antioxidantive substances in Amaranthus and identified the dependence of the extract antioxidantive activity on the method and period of sample collection, as well as the method of extraction and storage period. The highest content of antioxidants was registered in water extracts in September. The most effective method of sample collection is obtaining extracts from dry leaves of Amaranthus and storing water solution for further use for not more than 5 months...

The method of gas chromatography-spectrometry was used for the qualitative and quantitative identification of the composition of essential oil obtained from common yarrow growing in different soils in the climatic zone of the Kaliningrad region. The authors established that, depending on the type of soil, the content of сhamazulene and other components in essential oil can vary across a wide oncentration range. 1. Атлас ареалов и ресурсов лекарственных растений СССР. М., 1983. 2. Растительные...

This article analyses the features of spawning migration of smelt in the rivers Neman and Matrosovka as a background for fishery regulation. The authors identify the period and extend of spawning migration in the rivers in 2011, the dynamics of catches per unit effort, and species composition of commercial catches. The calculation of optimal fishing effort in case of the transition of fishing into the rivers as a result of the ice conditions is presented in the article. 1. Манюкас И. Ихтиофауна...

The study of Ryadino-5 late Palaeolithic site (the basin of the river Šešupė in the Kaliningrad region) revealed geochemical heterogeneity of different functional areas. The author identifies the factors correlated to the spatial differentiation of the ancient site. 1. Дружинина О. А. Отчет об археологических исследованиях (разведках) в нижнем течении р. Шешупе в Неманском районе Калининградской области в 2008 году // Архив ИА РАН. М., 2009. 2. Дружинина О. А., Кулькова М. А., Сапелко Т. В., Сходнов...

A case study of the Volga and Urals federal districts helps analyse the standing of large cities serving as “growth poles” identified with the help of two methodologies. The article offers a geographical analysis of three aspects of financial standing of municipalities: financial independence, social orientation, territorial equity. The dynamic of development and financial standing are compared in order to identify the role of budgets in the development of cities (stimulating and inhibiting ones)...

This article analyses the data on seismicity of the Kaliningrad region and addresses the issues of introducing monitoring seismic observations in order to identify previously unknown seismic areas at the regional scale alongside a more accurate identification of the seismic hazard of those already known. 1. Errulat F. Geophysikalische warte gross-raum der universitat Konigsberg in Presussen? // Terr. Magn. Atmos. Electr. 1930. 35 (4). S. 254—255. 2. Kunde Preussens. 1821. Apr. 3. Петр из...

A series extraction of platinum metals (Pd and Rh) from natural sedimentary samples near the trunk-roads of Rhine-Westphalia was conducted. The authors make an assumption about the mechanism of influence of environmental conditions on the mobility of elements studied. 1. Claus T., Zereini F., Urban H. Verteilung und Konzetrationen von Platin, Palladium und Rhodium in Umweltmaterialien an der Bundesautobahn A5 (Akm 458-Akm 524) // Emissionen von Platinmetallen / hrsg. F. Zereini, F. Alt. Berlin,...

This article presents social and environmental indicators of life quality affecting the health of population. The authors focus on the dynamics of such diseases as tuberculosis, HIV infection, and malignant neoplasms. The factors determining the unfavourable situation relating to life quality and disease rate in the Kaliningrad region are identified. 1. Саускан В. И., Уманский С. А. Качество жизни и экологическая безопасность как цели устойчивого развития Калининградской области // Проблемы управления...

This article focuses on the results of many years’ research on phytoplankton production and chlorophyll concentration in estuaries of different types (the Vistula and Curonian Lagoons, and the Volga delta). A comparison with hydrological and chemical parameters helped identify the main factors determining the level of primary production and eutrophication. The productivity of an ecosystem is determined primarily by river runoff in the Volga delta, while in the Vistula Lagoon and Curonian Lagoon by...

This article focuses on the features of heavy metal (HM) accumulation in carpet-floor species of mosses in the Kaliningrad region. A cross-spectrum analysis helped identify the patterns of HM accumulation depending on the amount of atmospheric precipitation. The authors calculated the indexes of HM concentration, which underlies the offered classification of the Baltic region countries by in the level of pollution. 1. Ilyin I., Rozovskaya O., Travnikov O. Heavy metals: transboundary pollution of...

The territory of the Kaliningrad regions offers a solid basis for the development of a strong transport cluster with a potential to integrate into the transport system o the Baltic region and ensure cargo and passenger transit between world economic centres – the Pacific Rim and the European Union. The article offers a characteristic of main means of transport forming the transport structure of the region and identifies the basic problems peculiar to the regional transport complex as a whole and...

The author justifies the concepts of international transport region and analyses the principles of identification of such regions and the features of their functioning.The article suggests distinguishing an international transport region in the framework of the Baltic region and defines its borders and backbone elements. 1. Вардомский Л. Б. Приграничное сотрудничество на «новых и старых» границах России // Евразийская экономическая интеграция. 2008. № 1. URL: http://www.eabr.org/media/img/rus/publications/magazine/no1/n1_2008_14_Vardomskiy...

The article describes the quantitative content dynamics of the hydrocortisone steroid hormone in different organs and tissues in the course of the common octopus ontogenesis. The author detects general patterns of its quantitative distribution in the octopus organism and formulates a hypothesis on the functional significance of hydrocortisone in the examined tissues of mollusks. Hydrocortisone level is one of the most important organizers of general adaptation syndrome in the organisms of vertebrates...

This article offers information on the condition of motorways in the Smolensk region. The condition of local roads is considered in relation to the particle size structure of covering rocks. The authors conducted an analysis of performance characteristics of road surfaces within different natural complexes and identified certain patterns in road damage depending on the local lithogenic conditions. 1. Экструдированный пенополистирол термоплэкс. URL: www.termoplex.ru 2. Автомобильные дороги : СНиП...

The «Lithuania-Poland-the Kaliningrad region of the Russian Federation» (2004—2006) neighbourhood programme implemented in 2004—2009 and the « Lithuania — Poland — Russia: 2007—2013» programme being drawn up in 2010 identify tourism development as one of priorities, which does not only contribute to the increase in competitive advantages of the participating territories but also facilitates the formation and sustainable development of the cross-border region of the South-eastern Baltic. 1. Cross-border...

The notion of «tourist-recreational cluster» is viewed as a new object of territorial organization of tourism adapted to modern conditions.The elements and features of tourist cluster, its structure, stages of establishment and ways of development are identified. The article also provides examples of the Kaliningrad region. 1.  Алаев Э.   Б. Социально-экономическая география: понятийно-терминоло­гический словарь. М.: Мысль, 1983. 2.  Амирханов М.   М., Татаринов А.   А. Экономические проблемы...

The article is devoted to the study of euroregional development hystory. It also explores the analysis of foreign countries experience in crossborder cooperation. Importance of Euroregions is identified. Euroregion «Baltic» and the Balic euroregional network. 1.   EESC Opinions . UR L :   http :// eescopinion . eesc . europa . eu 2.  Устав Еврорегиона «Балтика». UR L:   http://www.ln.mid.ru/bull.nsf/ 3.  Перспективы развития межрегионального сотрудничества: Калининград­ская область...

This article considers the species composition of the opportunistic pathogenic microbial flora and offers a correlation analysis of the seasonal dynamics of the gram-negative microflora in the European eel (Anguilla anguilla L.) and the water and soil of the Russian part of the Vistula Lagoon. The authors determine the epizootic bacteria species pathogenic for the eel. The seasonal dynamics of species diversity of bacteria in the eel's microflora helps to determine how bacteria penetrate the organism...

This article focuses on the endocrine function in flatworms. It is implemented with the help of two groups of hormones. Several centres of neurosecretory cell localisation were discovered in the nervous system of flatworms. The hormonal signal is transmitted with the help of adenylate cyclase system, which is peculiar to vertebrates. Endogenous steroids – sex steroids and glycocorticoids — were detected in some flatworm species. These data suggest that flatworms have an endocrine system, whose structural...

This article analyses the organogenesis and flowering transition phases in Cerasus, Microcerasus, and Amygdalus. There are five phases identified for Cerasus fruticosa, C.vulgaris, C avium, Microcerasus tomentosa, and Amygdalus nana. 1. Березенко Н.   П., Радионенко А.   Я. Морфогенез та ембрiональний розвиток черешни ( Cerasus avium L. ) // Украiнський ботанiчний журнал. 1965. Т. 22, №   6. С. 9-17. 2. Волошина А.   А. Морфогенез цветковых почек черешни и вишни и роль температурного фактора...

This article focuses on the features of small enterprise development in the municipalities of the Novgorod region. The author analyses the opportunities of applying different geographic research methods to the identification of territorial disproportions. The article offers an assessment of the total and special potential in small business development. A classification of regions according to the total potential and the degree of economic space potential development by small businesses is presented...

The systematic and quantitative composition of Actinomyces (genus Streptomyces) in the soils of Kaliningrad was analysed according to the level of soil contamination. The authors proved the seasonal activity of Actinomyces in the soils of the city and identified the changes in the dependence between the number of Actinomyces and the temperature and pH of soil environment throughout seasons. The article offers a preliminary systematic analysis of Actinomyces in the city soils. 1. Медведева М....

This paper offers a comparative characteristic of the blackbird nest materials of natural (n = 35) and antropogenic (n = 35) landscapes of the Kaliningrad region. The study did not reveal any considerable differences in the nest material composition in natural and antropogenic habitats. Most significant differences were identified in nest carcass materials. They are more diverse in urban habitats; most frequent materials are phloem, bark, wood, grass shoots, flower buds, fruits, and antropogenic...

The location of thermokarst lakes on the research territory in the permafrost zone of Western Siberia is identified with the use of satellite images. The statistical data analysis shows that the empirical laws of spatial distribution of the lake centers on the plane correspond to the uniform distribution law. 1.      Кравцова В.   И., Быстрова А.   Г. Изучение динамики термокарстовых озер России // Геоинформатика. 2009. №   1. С. 44—51. 2.      Полищук В.   Ю., Крутиков В.   А., Полищук...

This article presents the evidence of the ancient origin of crystalline basement of the platform areas of the Earth developed as a result of global volcanism in the Hadean (more than 4 Ga). In the late Mesozoic-early Cenozoic, another outbreak of volcanism and dehydration of subsoils led to a significant subsidence (8—10 km) of continental masses and the formation of the World Ocean. 1.      Войткевич Г.   В. Происхождение и химическая эволюция Земли. М., 1973. 2.      Войткевич Г.   В., Закруткин...

This article analyses contemporary lines of research on the rural population distribution systems and offers a review of the contemporary process in rural areas. The factors affecting the population distribution are identified by the authors. 1.      Алексеев А.   И., Зубаревич Н.   В. Кризис урбанизации и сельская местность России // Миграция и урбанизация в СНГ и Балтии в 1990-е гг. / под ред. Ж.   А. Зайончковской. М., 1999. С. 83—94. 2.      Казьмин М.   А., Чернышева Е.   А. Современная...