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The «empire» category is determined in legal science by historical and political characteristics and based on multi-structural public traditions. Imperial administration strengthens the asymmetrical status of ethnic groups and regions in their relation to the centre. Their integration dynamics is preconditioned, first and foremost, by geopolitical and geo-economic factors. The author provides his own vision of the characteristics of imperial statehood. 1.        Дякин В.   С. Национальный вопрос...

This article scrutinises an episode unveiling the understanding of the causes of the fall of the Polish state in Russian and Polish historical science of the 19th century. The author revises some established concepts concerning the reception of the so called "revolution in the Polish historiography" in Russia. 1.  Кареев Н.   И. Прожитое ...

....  Statistical Office of Estonia.URL: www.stat.ee 14.  Statistics Sweden.URL: www.scb.se 15.  Statistics Denmark.URL: www.dst.dk 16.  Statistics Finland.URL: www.stat.fi 17.  Statistics Lithuania.URL: www.stat.gov.lt 18.  The Baltic Sea States. Warszawa, 1995. 19.  The World factbook.URL: www.odci.gov.cia

This article analyses the debatable legislative provisions concerning the exclusion from the register of the residents of the Special economic zone in the Kaliningrad region, the court practice regarding the implementation of investment policy statements by the residents and the exclusion of the latter from the register in case of violations. The author draws attention to the problems of the improvement of the corresponding legislation and law enforcement practice. 1. Об Особой экономической зоне...

This article deals with the provisions of a number of international criminal codes determining the permissible damage that can be inflicted on the criminal during detainment, thus creating the theoretical framework for the improvement of the corresponding provisions of the Criminal code of the Russian Federation. 1.  Уголовный кодекс Сербии / пер. миссии ОБСЕ в S аМ // Официаль­ный вестник Республики Сербия. 2005. № 85; 2005. № 88; 2005. №107. 2.  Уголовное законодательство Норвегии / науч....

The limited reproduction of labour power and difficulties in the attraction of a considerable amount of additional workforce from other regions or neighbouring states bring about the need for the transition of regional economy to intensive development by means of innovation, increase in labour efficiency, cross-industry redistribution of labour force and exploiting the local resources of unemployed population....

In the article questions of financing of priority national projects in the Russian Federation and in the Kaliningrad region are taken up. The article contains the analysis of creation and realization of the above-stated programs, considers legal regulation questions, mentions features of financing and realization of programs in the Kaliningrad region, with allowance for enclave area positions. Ways of perfection of financing and realization of programs to the legal and remedial plan are considered...

... interrelations and inversions in the psychic structure, are an important object of philosophical research. By means of this model, we can learn a lot about hierarchical systems. The author relied on the presence of a hierarchical system in human activity stated by the great Russian physiologist Nikolai Bernstein. 1.      Аве-Лаллемант У. Графический тест «Звезды и волны». СПб., 2002. 2.      Акимова М.   К., Алехина Т....

... addresses the problem of the realisation of political interests in the Russian Federation in the context of political diversity stipulated in the Constitution. The author distinguishes the social groups of political process actors, analyses their current state, and formulates the problems and possibilities of the realisation of their political interests. 1. Абдулатипов Р.   Г., Болтенкова Л.   Ф., Яров Ю.   Ф. Федерализм в истории Рос­сии: в ...

This article presents the results of research on the reforming of higher education system in modern China.The article aims to analyse the institution of public higher education in order to develop guidelines on employing the positive Chinese experience in the modernization of higher education in Russia. In conclusion, the author offers multiple-factor models of the education process management. 1.      Васильев Л.   С. Проблема генезиса китайского государства. М., 1983. 2.      Вестник ЮНЕСКО...

This article analyses the conservative retrospective utopia, the main elements of which were autocracy, Orthodoxy, the principle of hierarchy, the supremacy of the rural way of life over the urban one, and the programme of national upbringing. 1. Шишков А.   С. Рассуждение о старом и новом слоге Российского языка // Собрание сочинений и переводов. СПб., 1824. Ч. 2. 2. Киселева Л.   Н. Система взглядов С.   Н. Глинки (1807—1812 гг.) // Ученые записки Тартуского университета. 1981. Вып. 513...

The management of Kavkaz was the interaction of administration and local community of region in XVIII century. The author characterizes Kavkaz as being original in regards to the ethnic attitude towards the state’s territory, to the degree of the center keeping the properties of the governmental-regional and local legal systems separate. Particular emphasis is given to the legislative consolidation of changes in these phenomena. 1.  Полное собрание ...

This article examines the currents of oppositional thought in the second half of the 18th century through the example of the Panin – Fonvizin project. The paper addresses the problem of the project's authorship and analyses the thinkers' ideal of state structure. 1.  Бантыш-Каменский Д.   М. Граф Панин. Б.м., б.г. 2.  Вяземский П. Фон-Визин // Полн. собр. соч.: в 12 т. СПб., 1880. Т. 5. 3.  Гаврюшкин А.   В. Граф ...

... in criminal matters (2001/C12/02) // Official Journal. C 012. 15.01.2001. P. 10—22. 4.  The Council of the European Union, Council Framework Decision of 13 June 2002 on the European arrest warrant and the surrender procedures between Member States — Statement made by certain Member States on the adoption of the Frame­work Decision // Official Journal. L 190. 18.07.2002. P. 1—20 5.  Report from the Commission on the European arrest warrant and the surren­der procedures between Member ...

... time embracing, on the one hand, a combination of political, social, and legal conditions of the development of justice of the peace and, on the other hand, the system of justice of the peace (court system, judicial institution, types and forms of state activity). 1.  Дорошков В.   В. Мировой судья. Исторические, организационные и про­цессуальные аспекты деятельности. М., 2004. 2.  Каширский С.   ...

... имиджи. М., 2006. 7. Савчук Т.   В. Территориальный маркетинг: учебное пособие. СПб ., 2009. 8. Kotler F., Haider D., Rein I. Marketing Places: Attracting Investment, Industry and Tourism to Cities, States and Nations. New - York : The Free Press , 1993.

... analysis of influence of a certain set of factors on human capital reproduction financing. The basic factors are as follows: demographical factor, public sector development level, technological development, labor market situation, political factor, and the state of economy. 1.  Демографический ежегодник: стат. сб. Калининград, 2010. 2.  Казарян М.   А. Факторы воспроизводства человеческого капитала // Эко­номические ...

... article focuses on the key levels of internationalisation of higher education in Russia against the background of implementation of Bologna process principles. The authors analyse the experience of the Faculty of Economics of the Mikhail Lomonosov Moscow State University of putting into practice the models of joint master's degree programmes. 1.  Смирнягин Л. Восьмая культура капитализма // Кредит Russia . №   24. 2000. Де­кабрь. 2.  Совместные ...

... / index . shtml 3.  Вейт-Уилсон Д. Государство благосостояния: проблема в самом понятии. URL: http://www.carnegie.ru/ru/pubs/procontra/56013.htm#3 4.  Goodin R. E. Freedom and the Welfare State: Theoretical Foundations // J. of Social Policy. 1982. Vol . 11, № 2. P . 150.

The author proves that any image formed within political discourse is, in terms of its meaning, a mental object. It is claimed that, within discourse, the image of politics and the institutional practices of its formation are rather of psychological nature as well as that discourse register affects our perception of social objects of the world. 1.  Филлипс Л.   Дж., Йоргенсен М.   В. Дискурс-анализ. Теория и метод / пер. с англ. Харьков, 2004. 2.  Рорти Р. Философия и зеркало природы. URL : ...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a significant public health problem due to its widespread prevalence. It becomes a medical and social burden for both society and the patient. To what extent comorbid alcoholism is able to influence the features of the clinical course of COPD remains an open issue. The study aimed to reveal the impact of alcoholism on the level of COPD subjective symptoms in patients with different compliance. Materials and methods. 147 men with COPD in the age of 40―88...

To maintain the normal state of the immune system, the processes of cell proliferation must be strictly regulated and balanced by the processes of apoptotic death to prevent the development of autoimmune and neoplastic reactions. T-lymphocytes of immune memory are under strict ...

... to its transit, intercapital geogra­phi­cal position, and the impact of transport development on regional growth. The author remarks that in modern conditions, transport connectivity acts as the most important factor in the integrity of the Union State.

The study assessed the functional state of the kidneys and urodynamics in 207 patients aged 3 to 17, depending on the degree, level and type of conge­ni­tal obstruction of the upper urinary tract. The congenital hydronephrosis was found in 151 children of those, the obstructive ureterohydronephrosis ...

... of changes in the volume and structure of the flow of tourists, the reasons for their appearance and possible development prospects in the context of the geopolitical and economic crisis. The purpose of the article is to characterize and analyze the state of the tourism and recreation industry in the period from 2019 to 2021. To achieve this goal, the paper presents and analyzes the statistical data of tourist activities in Russia, Belarus and the regions of the Russian-Belarusian border within the ...

... Journal of Geography, Special issue 1. 2009, p. 125—132. 19. Metropolitan Regions: Knowledge Infrastructures of the Global Economy. Ed. Johan Klaesson, Börje Johansson, Charlie Karlsson. Springer Verlag Berlin. 2013. 513 p. 20. Hirshl, Ran. City, State: Comparative Constitutionalism and the Megacity. Oxford University Press, 2020. 224 p.

... equal­ly important function as reference points in the regional framework of the set­tlement system. In strategic regions, like the ones of the Western borderland, small towns, inter alia, become significant for ensuring national interests along the state border of Russia. The article presents the author's version of the typology of small towns in the Western borderlands of Russia, based on the statistical and analytical databases. Due to the limited research tools for assessing the level of development ...

... (Pravdinsky, Ozersky, Nesterovsky and Krasnoznamensky). The author studied the current condition of agriculture in the considered districts. In the study the established methodology for assessing the quality of water bodies was used to define the ecological state of watercourses in four peripheral dis­tricts considering the nutrient impact. The author concludes that maximum concentration limit of nutrients was exceeded in the considered watercourses, which clearly correlated with the agricultural specialization ...

... agglomeration and transport-geographical factors. The analysis of changes in the population of 1,068 settlements in the region (excluding cities and urban-type settlements) and their transport and geographical position resulte in con­clusions on the state of the settlement system both in the region as a whole and in the context of individual municipalities. The main conclusion is that the relatively small size of the region and high transport connectivity (along with a high level of economic development) ...

... Kuo C. F., Grainge M. J., See L. C. et al. Epidemiology and management of gout in Taiwan: a nationwide population study // Arthritis Research and Therapy. 2015. Vol. 17. P. 13. 14. Kutzing M. K., Firestein B. L. Altered uric acid levels and disease states // The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 2008. Vol. 324. P. 1—7. 15. Liu-Bryan R., Terkeltaub R. Evil humors take their toll as innate immunity makes gouty joints TREM-ble // Arthritis & Rheumatology. 2006. Vol. 54, № 2....

... the Kaliningrad region of the Russian Federation in 2010—2018. The results of the study have shown that the level of digitalization of the economy of the Kaliningrad region correlates with the national average. The authors conclude that additional state support is required for the development of the digital economy of the region while implementing an alternative scenar­io of innovative development.

... 2003—2016 by 2.4° С. The direct influence of the weather anomaly of 2018, which caused the water warming above the long-term average level, on the monthly average concen­trations of chlorophyll “a” was not revealed, that indicates a sustainable state and strength of the south-eastern Baltic Sea ecosystem towards the variability of environmental conditions over several years.

... agricultural production in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Given their essential ekistic and economic charac­teristics, the author made a typological grouping of regions, which is intended for practical use in the regional policy of the state and in the preparation of spatial and strategic planning documents at the regional level. The author suggests adapting the concept of the Unified Settlement System, developed in the Soviet period, in orfer to improve the regional systems of settlements ...

... production are caused by combined influence of natural, socio-economic and political factors. The periods of decline in agricultural land use coincided with years of economic and political crises. The onset of periods of recovery matches a change in state policy, general economic growth and a rise in the technological level of agriculture, as well as changes in the domestic and for­eign markets. Over the past decade, there has been an increase in cultivated land area in the Baltic countries and ...

... the economic resistance of Russia’s western border regions to geopolitical turbulence. Special attention is paid to the typology of border regions, which is built taking into account the impact of geopolitical turbulence and compensatory measures of state support on regional socio-economic systems. The study offers a general conceptual vi­sion of geopolitical turbulence as a permanent (poorly predictable and only partially regulated) series of changes in the global political order as a whole and ...

Recently published papers and our own research results have enabled the authors to generalize the data on the paleofauna of Dominican amber, the largest deposit of the Miocene age fossil organisms. The research tasks includ­ed geographic and stratigraphic examinations, the study of research history and an attempt of synchronization of paleofans with other Lagerstättes. The authors show the absence of endemism at the family level. The Mesozoic La­gerstättes are linked to the modern Neotropical fauna...

... most efficient to visualize the measurement area are ARFI technologies — point shear wave elastography (pSWE) and two-di­men­sional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE). Two-dimensional SWE (2D-SWE) provides maximum color visual information about the state of liver tis­sue elasticity.

After the demise of the USSR the Kaliningrad region became a Russian exclave, geographically separated from the rest of Russia by foreign states. The development of the region became dependent on external factors, including Russia’s political relations with foreign countries, NATO and EU. Geopoliti­cal changes required adjustments in the region’s socio-economic development strategy....

... city resi­dents the main purpose of which is to identify the features of the geographical image of their city. The authors attempt at answering the question whether the comprehensive image of urban geospace coincides with the urban devel­opment tasks stated by the urban planners, city government and architects. The methodology designed by the authors determines the interview as a pri­mary tool for collecting research material. The online platform attracted the citizens’ attention to the issues ...

... The most important and integral part of this subsystem which actually ensures the interaction of its components, is trans­fer of technologies. The main "holders" of technologies in the Kaliningrad re­gion are the universities. Kaliningrad State Technical University performs 37.6 % of the work in the area of innovations, a significant amount of work is implemented by the Federal Fishery Agency. Transfer of technologies for IKBFU is academic, which is typical for a classical university (some ...

The study discusses the key current problems and parameters of the mo­dern fishing industry in Russia. Given the EU and US restrictive measures towards Russia and reciprocal food import restrictions by our country, the condition of the domestic fishing industry is of particular interest. The article analyzes the quantitative parameters of the industry, identifies key leading companies, shows the dynamics of the number of enterprises in the coastal regions from 2007 to 2017, and reveals the geographical...

... both in the northern regions, and in the Leningrad region, St. Petersburg. The southern regions of Russia and the Kaliningrad region are the only ones to use their border position to make up the natural population decline at the expense of bordering states. Most regions are growing due to migration. The Northern Rus­sian regions are losing population. Migration here worthen the demo­gra­phic situation, even though there has been some equalization of gen­der dis­pa­ri­ties due to the outflow ...

... historical-geographical zoning considered in the article appear to be logical and scientifically substantiated; they give an exhaustive picture of the origin of the cultural landscape, both natural and historical-cultural. However, they do not determine the state of the cultural landscapes of a particular territory, because, depending on their development trend, cultural landscapes can remain stable or completely disappear. A technique is proposed for determining the degree of socio-economic background of ...

The waters of the Curonian Lagoon and the contiguous coastal area are linked together by both the environment and economic activities. Regional planning considers water and coastal areas as separate phenomena that lack a common management system. However, this approach is poorly applicable to the Curonian Lagoon, the delta of the River Neman, and the adjacent coastal area. Only when these elements are analysed as a single whole, one can see the problems of the region in their entirety. This article...

... общественных наук. 2014. Т. 1, № 2. С. 6—24. 14. Regulation (EC) № 1931/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 December 2006 laying down rules on local border traffic at the external land borders of the Member States and amending the provisions of the Schengen Convention. URL: http://eurlex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2006:405:0001:0022:EN:PDF (дата обращения: 22.02.2017). 15. Straz Graniczna. Komenda Glowna Strazt Granicznej URL: ...

In this review, we approach Russian terminology in elastography by discussing elastography technique classifications using terms that take into account the essence of physical patterns underlying various elastography techniques. Elastography techniques used in clinical practice are divided into four groups: strain elastography, transient elastography, point shear wave elastography, and 2D shear wave elastography. Based on physical principles, two types are identified: strain elastography and shear...

... Effects of acute hyperglycemia on endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in patients with diabetes mellitus or impaired glucose metabolism // Endothelium. 2003. Vol. 10, № 2. P. 65—70. 15. Malmberg K., Norhammer A., Wedel H., Ryden L. Glycometabolic state at Admission: important Risk Marker of mortality in conventionally Greated Patients with Diabetes Mellitus and Acute Myocardial infarction. Long-term Results From the Diabetes and insulin — Glucose infusion Acute Myocardial Infarction (DIGAMI) ...

... Fedorov G., Zverev Yu. et al. Concept of development of the Kali­nin­grad region under the conditions of Russian European cooperation in the Baltic sea region // Region of co-operation. Iss. 9 (34). Kaliningrad, 2004. Mezhevich N. Russia and the Baltic States: Some Results and a Few Perspecti­ves // Baltic region. 2015. № 2 (24). P. 4—12. Perkmann М. Cross-border regions in Europe. Significance and Drivers of Regional Cross-border Cooperation // European Urban and Regional Studies. 2003. № ...

In each historical period, regional models of agricultural practices are affected by a combination of natural, political, and economic factors. Such models incorporate indicators of changes in the cultivated land area, land structure, and the intensity of agricultural practices. At early stages, the evolution of a model is affected by natural conditions. Later, political (wars, revolutions, changes in national borders) and economic factors (economic crises, changes in the overall economic situation...

The problem we address in this paper is how the meanings of terms de­noting various liver elastography methods are understood when translated in­to Russian. We provide an overview of various elastography methods and their physical principles in order to give a better understand specific terms. The goal of this paper is to propose a glossary of elastography terms for dis­cussion by the professional community while relying on the physical princi­ples of ultrasonic methods for determining the rigidity...