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This article provides a general characterization of the pragmatic focusing, determines the role of the theme of the scientific text and its influence on the distribution of certain foci through its structure. As an illustration for the indicated statements, it proposes the linguistic analysis of the original German sources. 1. Богданова О.   А. Цвето- и светообозначения как одна из форм прагматиче­ского фокусирования в структуре художественного текста: дис. ... канд. филол. наук. СПб., 1999. 2...

This article analyses the peculiarities of psychological support to breast cancer survivors residing in small towns. The authors consider the dynamics of emotional state in the course of implementing a dedicated programme of intensive psychological support in rehabilitation. 1. Марилова Т.   Ю. Некоторые психологические проблемы РМЖ: обзор // Невропатология ...

... practice / Glanz K., Rimer B.   K., Viswanath K., editors. 4th ed. — San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, 2008. 7. Murray R.   B. Health promotion strategies through the life span. New Jersey, 2009. 8. Simonds S. Health Education in the Mid-1970s: State of the Art. In Preventive Medicine USA. N.   Y.: Prodist, 1976.

... Predictors of exercise stage of change among individuals living with HIV/AIDS // Med Sci Sports Exerc . 2008. Sep; 40(9): 1700—6. 7. Buchacz K., Rangel M., Blacher R., Brooks J.   T. Changes in the Clinical Epidemi­ology of HIV Infection in the United States: Implications for the Clinician // Curr In­fect Dis Rep . 2009 Jan; 11(1): 75—83. 8. Cade W.   T., Yarasheski K.   E. Cardiometabolic disease in the human immunodefi­ciency virus: the tip of the iceberg? // J Cardiometab Syndr . 2008 Spring; ...

This article considers the contentious issue of author's modality as one of the central categories of a text. The authors state their position on the structural-functional correlation of author's modality, subjective modality and axiological modality and define the features of the intracategorial relations of author's modality. 1.   Арутюнова   Н.   Д . Фактор ...

... tutoring behaviour // Computers and Education. 2008. N 50. P. 207—223. 6. Duffy T. Strategic teaching framework: An instructional model for a construc­tivist learning environment // In Dills C. and Romiszowski A. (ed.) Instructional de­ve­lopment state of the art. Vol. 3: Paradigms. Englewood NJ: Educational Tech­no­lo­gy Press, 1997. P. 38—56. 7. Jonassen D.   H., Peck K.   L., Wilson B.   G. Learning WITH technology: a construc­tivist perspective. Columbus, OH: Prentice-Hall, ...

... capital of East Prussia, as well as biographical data on players and chess composers who lived there and visited Königsberg. The reconstruction of the history of the chess movement includes the localization of chess clubs in the city. The researcher states, that in the 1850s — 1870s chess clubs with general and specialized membership flourished in the city. The Königsberg Academic Chess Club was the example of the latter. From 1878 until the end of the century chess life in East Prussia was under ...

Based on memoirs of the outstanding Russian helminthologist Kons­tan­tin Skryabin (1878—1972), the article reconstructs the circumstances of his stay in Königsberg in 1912—1913. The research introduces the archive docu­ments that reflect the attempts of the Soviet officials to commemorate Skryabin in Kaliningrad in 1956—1957 and gives recommendations for preserving the me­mory of Skryabin in the contemporary Kaliningrad region. The author ana­ly­ses a curious statement in historiography concerning...

Based on little-known and unpublished sources from the “Trotsky Archive” at the Harvard University’s Hogton Library, the German Federal Archives (Berlin) and the Russian State Archive of Social and Political History (Moscow), the article for the first time reconstructs the history of the United Left Opposition groups of the German Communist Party (Bolshevik-Leninists) in East Prussia in 1930-1933. The research highlights ...

... priest; the behavior patterns of the "new" Old Believer hierarchy in relation to schism. To solve these problems, a corpus of historical sources reflecting the reaction of public institutions to a recalcitrant priest was studied. These include state authorities, the synodal and the Old Believer church. The author concludes that the beglopopovtsy successfully existed before the appearance of the belokrinitsky hierarchy. The article also notes the inability of the local secular and ecclesiastical ...

... development of Kaliningrad healthcare, are poorly studied. The main sources are the documents of the Health Department of the Kaliningrad region, Oblispolkom (Regional Executive Committee) and the Bureau of Medical Statistics from the respective funds of the State Archive of the Kaliningrad Oblast. Further development of the health infrastructure, the reduction of infant and maternal mortality, the success in developing the ambulance system, a significant increase in the number of doctors and paramedics, ...

... make the settlers arriving in the region stay here. The mass media “reminded” the population of the region of its inseparability from the rest of the Soviet Union by informing residents about events and processes that were taking place in the whole state and by using the categories “our homeland” and “our country”. The press emphasised that residents of the Kaliningrad region were a part of the Soviet people and along with the rest of the citizens of the USSR were involved in the overall ...

... compared, would further optimise the legal framework. The aim is to compare the experiences of Germany and Russia in the preservation and use of cultural heritage objects. The methodology of the study is based on a study of the legal framework of these states in this field. The study compares the laws and provides concrete examples of the legal framework. Particular attention is paid to public-­private partnerships. It has been revealed that Russian legislation is more restrictive in terms of protection ...

The Constitution of the Russian Federation guarantees every citizen the right to health protection and medical care. The practical exercising of these rights depends on the productive work of the healthcare system and the efforts of the state to maintain and develop it. Corruption in the medical environment continues to be a frequent phenomenon, creating a barrier to equal access of patients to medical care and related services, reducing the effectiveness of medical institutions, leading ...

... the contacts established between Australia and Russia since the beginning of the 19th century has been carried out. The authors also present the works of Russian and Australian authors, who touch upon the issues of political relations between the two states. It is noted that in Russian historiography there are a few meaningful works on the formation and activities of the Russian consular service, which worked in the Australian resettlement colonies and in the Australian Commonwealth from the second ...

... campaign in France in April, 2022. The first part of the publication presents a conceptual analysis of the phenomenon of “fake” in foreign and Russian scientific discourse. It has been established that fake news can pose a threat to society and the state, be designed to misinform the population and form false collective beliefs. In the political media space, false news is associated with party affiliation and is distinguished by ideological polarization. The second part of the article studies the ...

... the tradition to wear them on the belt. During the specified period household items demonstrated tendency to unification on the form, composition and location in burials. Comparing them with the same items from other necropolis and cities of Order’s state and neighboring Zhemaitiya, the authors concluded that, on the one hand, unified material culture influenced on the household use of inhabitants of Alt-Wehlau and, on the other hand, such usage reflected some regional differences.

... Новейший политологический словарь / авт.-сост. Д. Е. По­горелый, В. Ю. Фесенко, К. В. Филиппов. Ростов н/Д, 2010. 5. WARS IN THE WORLD. Daily News on Wars in the World and on New States. URL: https://www.warsintheworld.com/?page=static1258254223 (дата об­ращения: 14.01.2019). 6. Фридман Л. Lexus и оливковое дерево. Нью-Йорк, 1999. 7. Челлен Р. Государство как ...

... all sources of information related to en­vironmental issues. They are more willing to spend money on envi­ron­men­tal protection. Villagers are more inclined to blame business for environ­men­tal problems, while Kaliningraders tend to blame the state. The author iden­tified common features of environmental consciousness of the urban and rural re­si­dents: distrust of the information on environmental risks coming from bu­siness and the unwillingness to sacrifice safe and clean environment ...

... completely switched to the Latvian language of instruction, and the secondary school was only partly switched to the Latvian language. The Latvian authorities explain the need for these reforms by the desire to increase the level of knowledge of the state language among national minorities, primarily Russian-speaking. The reform continues and will be completed only in 2021. This article is the first attempt at understanding the reform of the Russian school of Latvia, taking into account the latest ...

... historiographers. The author characterizes each histo­riographic period, its main topics and key research works. The author con­cludes that the main research interest of Finnish authors was the position of Finland in relation to the separation of the Baltic States from the USSR in the late 1980s and early 1990s. However, Finnish researchers did not comprehen­sively consider the evolution of the Finnish policy towards its eastern neigh­bours during the entire period of the 1980s — early 1990s. 1. Клинге ...

The number of federal states in the modern world is extremely small. The Federal Republic of Germany is the largest and most famous federation in Eu­rope. However, German democracy and German federalism are often perceived as externally imposed political values as a result ...

In 1997, the Constitution of the Republic of Poland was adopted. Since then, constitutional disputes have continued in Poland. After the 2015 elec­tions, they sharpened. In addition, Polish President Andrzej Duda proposed a change to the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. This initiated a po­litical debate on constitutional matters. They are the subject of the article. Moreover, the most important current constitutional dilemmas were ana­lyzed. The cur­rent constitutional debate refers both...

... up for the situation. In practice, such intensi­fication is limited in nature, and results in some cooperation benefits in the short and medium term. While the Kaliningrad region is secured geopolitical­ly by the military superiority of the Russian state over a potential adversary in the Baltic, there are no comparable social and economic guarantees Here, paradoxically, the situation can open up opportunities for increasing the co­herence of the narrow, purely peripheral interests of the Russian ...

... systems of support of moth­erhood and childhood in the world according to various criteria, at the same time it is constantly expanding and modernizing taking into account changes in society and economy. For comparison, European, Asian, Latin American state programs supporting motherhood and childhood are investigated, which are largely determined by the current demographic situation, the level of eco­nomic development, historical, religious and cultural peculiarities. 1. Конституция ...

The study focuses on the empirical test of the grid/group model applied to the actual perception of the environmental risks by the local community (the case of the potassium mine development in the village of Nivenskoe, the Kali­ningrad region). It tests to what extent the structure of the theoretically con­structed cultural types (hierarchist, egalitarian, individualist, fatalist) being reproduced within the structure of the cultural preferences of the local com­munities. Different scales are being...

... not only for the benefit of society, social groups but also against it. Negative social ele­ments can damage social connections and relations and lead to desocialisation of the individual. At the same time, the value dominants that characterize the state of society at the moment of its development play an important role. For instance, if selfishness and money as the only conditions for success begin to dominate in society, the available personal capital starts to be used in an anti­social way. ...

... Kaliningrad region, Russian exclave in the Baltic, is significantly influenced by foreign policy factors. The deterioration of rela­tions between Russia and the West has led to a reduction in the region's eco­nomic ties with the neighbouring Baltic States. The coastal position of the re­gion has enabled the development of foreign trade relations with East Asian and Latin American States. Diversification of ties and federal support ensured sufficiently dynamic regional development. The article analyzes ...

... of the Union troops’ par­ticipation in the household economy. For this purpose, their letters and diary entries were analyzed in both formal and content-related aspects to find statements concerning the economic well-being of their families. These state­ments were put into the context of a soldier’s or officer’s rank in the family hi­erarchy and their antebellum economic activities. The main results are follow­ing. Firstly, the direct control over the family economics took forms of the real ...

... SBT-system) which regularities and dynamics have to be carefully investigated. It requires a close integration of natural, social and technical sciences, and an urban metabolic concept. An ethos of an interdisciplinary study based on equality of social states of different sciences, their interest to study the com­plex issues and the ability for mutual understanding of various scientists is to be developed. 1. Абульханова-Славская К. А. Деятельность и психология ...

... Federation. The author considers all proposals to revise the text of the Constitution groundless since the main law has not ex­hausted its potential. The evolutionary development of the supreme law, which is the key to the progressive development of both state and society, can be achieved through the application of the above forms, including a non-textual amendment of the Constitution. 1. Хабриева Т. Я. Процессуальные вопросы толкования Конституции ...

The authors analysed the lists of immigrants to the Pravdinsky district in 1946, which are stored in the State Archive of the Kaliningrad Region. The ar­ticle describes the main features of compiling echelon lists of immigrants and receiving echelons from Russia and Belarus. The authorsstudied the differ­ences in the design of similar documents and the ...

... sciences are least involved in the process of co-production of knowledge by Russian and Indian scholars. The main constraints to the implementation of the existing potential of Russian-Indian scientific cooperation are the language barrier, the priority of state support for certain areas of knowledge, territorial remoteness and the related complexity in building social ties, the difference in the systems for assessing the effectiveness of scientific productivity. 1. Акарашов И. С. Международные ...

... been carried out in the So­cialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV) in all spheres of life, including politics, economy, culture, etc., to create and develop market economy and the rule of law in the country. High crime rate poses a significant danger to the state. Drug trafficking is one of the most serious crimes in Ho Chi Minh, Hanoi and the Vietnamese border provinces. The author analyses the dynamics of drug-related crime rate in Vietnam. Special attention is paid to the concepts of the situation, place ...

... laws and to introduce expert support and evaluation of the legislative process in parliament as mandatory elements of the legislative process. The article asserts the need to strengthen the role of expert councils under the committees of the Russian State Duma and the place of the Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation, fixing in the parliamentary regulations and laws, the mandatory nature of their analysis and expertise of introduced bills at ...

... organiza­tions in disaster prevention, development of idea on what the global mecha­nism of such prevention is about, and the role of the international organiza­tions. The research used comparative, analytical and historical analyses. The author states that the international organizations actively participate in pro­tection of the population and territories against disasters while implementing various programs and certain activities. Such work is carried out on universal (within the UN) and ...

... designing and constructing an ‘ideal city’ model in Russia and everywhere. Such interdisciplinary research and development teams of the research­ers, tu­tors, students, journalists, grassroots activists and municipal workers have to be formed. It is stated that a practical realization of any ‘ideal city’ project is neither a ‘social project’ in a traditional sense, nor a set of indices that have to be followed. An ‘ideal city’ project is a model of un­interrupted process of transformation ...

The author analyses the process of the formation of Lithuania’s territory during the Soviet period of its history. Facts and factors influencing decisions on the territorial issues of Lithuanian statehood are considered through the prism of relations between the Soviet republics and the central authorities of the USSR. The economic development of Soviet Lithuania was a decisive fac­tor in the republic’s territorial organization and management. By accepting the existing borders in the post-Soviet...

... Herrero L. C. Evaluating the efficiency of museums using multiple outputs: evidence from a regional system of museums in Spain // International journal of cultural policy. 2014. Vol. 20, № 2. P. 221—238. 13. Guccio C., Mignosa A., Rizzo I. Are public state libraries efficient? An empirical assessment using network Data Envelopment Analysis // Socio-Economic Planning Sciences. 2018. URL: https://doi . org/10.1016/j. seps.2018.01.001 (дата обращения: 10.01.2018). 14. Marco-Serrano F. Monitoring ...

... constitutional control and its development during the Enlightenment. I stress that enlighteners thoroughly disapproved of French parliaments as forerunners of modern bodies of consti­tutional justice and explain why this was the case. In an early modern state, conditions for constitutional control and its very possibility were viewed in conjunction with the principles of sovereignty and the division of power. I conclude that the enlightenment doctrine of general will affected the percep­tion by enlighteners ...

... Council of CPSU (Communist Party of the USSR), analyzes relevant publications. Particular attention is drawn to the implementation of the mission of tourist groups aboard, following the specialized routs. The author identifies the measures taken by the state organizations dealing with the outbound tourism issues aimed to improve the efficiency of the tourist trips. The article considers the basic elements borrowed from foreign experience and implemented in the Kaliningrad regional economy. 1. Государственный ...

... agriculture lacks a single information infrastructure. Further, I review existing classifications of information systems and the types of in­formation provisions using such systems. I consider national and municipal information system as a means to provide state and municipal services and as a regulatory practice and examine the possibility of classifying infor­mation systems as a source of law. 1. Амелин Р. В. Правовой режим государственных информационных ...

..., Rodríguez-Pose A. The case for regional development intervention: Place-based versus place-neutral approaches // J. of Regional Science. 2012. № 52 (1). P. 134—152. 13. Boddy M. Technology, innovation, and regional economic development in the state of Victoria // Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy. 2000. № 18 (3). P. 301—319. 14. Bradford N. Place matters and multilevel governance: perspectives on a new urban policy paradigm // Policy Options. 2004. Febr. P. 39—44. 15....

..., Spyrou S. The impact of conventional and uncon­ventional monetary policy on expectations and sentiment // Journal of Banking & Finance. 2018. Vol. 86. P. 1—20. 17. Hainz Ch., Hakenes H. The politician and his banker — How to efficiently grant state aid //Journal of Public Economics. 2012. Vol. 96, iss. 1—2. P. 218—225. 18. Hanson S. G., Stein J. C. Monetary policy and long-term real rates // Journal of Financial Economics. 2015. Vol. 115, iss. 3. P. 429—448. 19. Jokipii T., Monnin P....

....ru/%D1%81ompetitions/territorial_public_self/ (дата обращения: 22.01.2018). 23. Homelands: A Geography of Culture and Place across America / еd. by R. L. Nostrand, L. E. Estaville. Baltimore ; L., 2001. 24. Zelinsky W. Cultural Geography of the United States. N. Y., 1992.

In this article, we analyse faculty recruitment practices at the Kalinin­grad State Pedagogical Institute. Our study relies primarily on the analysis of the 1946–1990s personal records database of the Immanuel Kant Baltic Feder­al University. In particular, the database was created to examine the phases and principles of faculty ...

... point to one of the typical conceptual errors in elucidating the content of this category, admitted by some legal theorists: the essence of the “form of government of the presidential republic” concept is interpreted with descriptors of a political state regime. 1. Конституция Республики Казахстан (принята на республиканском референдуме 30 августа 1995 г.) // Ведом. Парламента Респ. Казахстан. 1996....

The article describes the formation of the national territory of Lithuania during the interwar period. The author compares factors, which affected the formation of the Lithuanian statehood, analyses the country’s relations with the neighbouring states and describes the Soviet-Polish and the Soviet- German relations. A high degree of dependence on external influence and numerous internal weakness of the country influenced the establishment of the geographical borders of Lithuania. 1. Внешняя ...

.... Although international agreements form an integral part of the EU legal order, the rules of their interpretation differ from the primary and secondary EU legislation. The reverse influence of the EU law is carried out by EU institutions and Member States by participating in inter-governmental organizations and other international bodies which work out and review national implementation of International Financial Standards. 1. Черниченко С. В. Контуры международного ...

... subjects of legal monitoring and practical experience of monitoring of justice of the peace, the classifications of subjects of legal monitoring of the of justice of the peace are proposed depending on the number of participants and on the availability of state power. The proposed classifications are shown in their interrelation. The author concludes that it is necessary to distinguish between subjects and participants in the legal monitoring of Justice of the Peace. 1. Горохов Д. Б., Спектор ...