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... Its Origins, Nature and Prospects // Ibid. 1978. № 1. P. 16—28. 27. Kijas J. Same Place, Different Views: Exploring the Wilsons River Story Sites Community History Project // Ibid. 2010. № 2. P. 51—60. 28. Landorf C. Public History: A Sense of Identity and a Sense of Place // Oral History. 2000. № 1. P. 92—102. 29. Levine P. Foreword // Lynn E. An Ongoing Experiment. P. 1—4. URL: https://www.kettering.org/sites/default/files/product-downloads/An-Ongoing-Experiment1.pdf (дата обращения: ...

This article demonstrates how G.D Gurvich combines the ideas of axiology of Neo-Kantianism and phenomenology. The author considers the features of a religious act in G. D. Gurvich’s philosophy and analyses the characteristics of religious experience in the doctrine of auto-theurgy. G. D. Gurvich’s position on the social role of religion in religious philosophy is identified. 1. Гурвич Г. Д. Идея социального права // Гурвич Г. Д. Философия и социология права : избр. соч. СПб., 2004. С. 41—213. 2...

Using documents, the press, and studies of Polish scholars, this article analyses the problem of changing German toponyms during the remaining campaign in Warmia and Masuria in the early postwar years. The historical background, conditions, and principles of renaming settlements, natural objects, streets, and squares are identified and the practical problems of the renaming campaign are analysed. It is concluded that these processes were quite dissimilar in Poland and the USSR, which is explained...

This article focuses on the problem of the nature of gmina courts in the Kingdom of Poland, which is of fundamental significance for identifying their role in the judicial system of the Russian Empire. Based on an analysis of historical and legal facts and documents, it is concluded that, from the 15th through the 19th centuries, the nature gmina courts gradually evolved from social (as part of the emerging local governments) to public (resulting from the royal prerogative 1. Об административном...

This article explores local crafts of peasant women of the north-western provinces, namely, weaving, needlework, and lacework. The work conditions are examined. The author stresses that workers were highly dependent on dealers who provided them with raw materials and sold their products at the market. The phenomena identified are indicative of the formation of capitalistic forms of using the labour of peasant women practicing crafts, including that of a “dispersed manufactory.” 1. Обзор деятельности...

This article addresses the relevant issues of using the modelling method in investigating criminal fires and classifies it. The authors identify the modelling and reconstruction methods in the system of criminal fire investigation. An analysis of the correlation between modelling and reconstruction is conducted. New applications of these methods are described. 1. Статистические данные по пожарам за январь — декабрь 2014 года // Официальный сайт МЧС России. URL: http://www.mchs.gov.ru/folder/3788548...

Based on documents of the State Archive of the Kaliningrad region that were not previously used for scientific purposes, this article attempts to examine the specific Soviet social phenomenon of factory pilfers and identify the reasons behind its development, as well as its extents at factory No. 820 (today, the Yantar factory). The author presents the facts of petty thefts at the factory and analyses corresponding punishments and the management’s attitude towards pilfers. 1. Беляков В. А., Скрябин...

This article analyses approaches to developing the concept of the ‘subject of law’. The author considers different perspectives on identifying similarities and differences between the categories of the ‘subject of law’, ‘subject of a legal relationship’, and ‘personal with legal personality’. It is concluded that the category of ‘subject of law’ should be developed in the context of interdisciplinary studies. 1. Большой юридический словарь / под ред. А. В. Малько. М., 2010. 2. Алексеев С. С. Право:...

Based on documents of the State Archive of the Kaliningrad region that were not previously used for scientific purposes, this article attempts to examine the specific Soviet social phenomenon of factory pilfers and identify the reasons behind its development, as well as its extents at factory No. 820 (today, the Yantar factory). The author presents the facts of petty thefts at the factory and analyses corresponding punishments and the management’s attitude towards pilfers. 1. Беляков В. А., Скрябин...

This article considers the main provisions of philosophology — the system developed by Grigory Landau, a Russian philosopher abroad. The author identifies the grounds on which the philosopher distinguishes between philosophology and philosophy, as well as the correlation between the notions. The basic elements of the system developed – the motive of thinking and philosopheme — are identified and characterised. These elements are supertemporal, their interaction in the consciousness of a subject is...

This article analyses the factors that strengthened the influence of the Christian right movement in the USA in the 1990s. The author considers the organizational changes and ideological transformation within the movement and its effect on the political process in this period. The article identifies the problems facing the Christian Right movement in its attempt to devise political tactics in the mid-1990s. The author pays special attention to the question of the interaction between the Christian...

This article justifies the use of economic dynamics principles in the process of modelling the existing system of household waste accumulation. The authors identify a number of factors relating to the tendency of various organisational manifestations to stable equilibrium of the process of accumulating household waste in containers. The model is based on the linear proportion of changes in parameters describing the quantity of household waste accumulated within one cycle.

The issue of structural policy in the Kaliningrad region remains pressing. Russia’s commitment to modernisation based on innovative development, overcoming the dependence on raw materials, and the current crisis phenomena require a transformation of the structure of region’s economy. An effective structural policy requires assessing the structural transfor-mation potential, identifying the rates and criteria of structural changes, and developing a mechanism of reforming the structure of economy...

In the second half of the twentieth century, similar to other classical concepts of modernity , Immanuel Kant’s political philosophy became an object of postmodern critique, also from the standpoint of feminist philosophy. Feminist critique made it possible to develop a new perspective on Kant’s heritage and identify the influence of the patriarchal tradition in his philosophy. 1. Артемьева О. В. Этика заботы: феминистская альтернатива классической философии // Этическая мысль / отв. ред. А. А....

This article focuses on the major problems of studying one of the key aspects of the demographic history of the Kaliningrad region – the evolution of mortality rate in urban and rural population. Based on an analysis of statistical data from archival documents, the author considers the dynamics and characteristics of mortality rate. The key mortality rate indicators and the factors behind its decrease in the first half/mid-1950s are identified; the age structure of mortality is reconstructed. It...

This article describes the conditions, resources, and prerequisites necessary for the efficient functioning of small businesses. Based on the theoretical propositions and practical results of productive forces distribution, the authors identify groups of factors of spatial organization of small businesses: national and supranational level, regional level, location, and the entrepreneur. A sequential analysis of the main factors of the small business deployment showed that taking into account all...

This article identifies the features of analytical approach to studying the sectoral structure of economy, including the general economic, socio-economic, and investment performance. It is concluded that the gross regional product shows steady growth, structural differences from the national average are insignificant, manufacturing produces the greatest output, and wholesale and retail trade is dominated by real estate operations. 1. Развитие экономики Калининградской области в ключевых показателях...

This article provides an analysis of the key aspects of game-theoretic semantics and demonstrates its advantages in presenting incomplete information and imperfect memory. The author identifies the limitations of J. Hintikka’s game-theoretic semantics as to the problem of asymmetry in semantic games. The article provides an overview of concurrent game-theoretic semantics. 1. Хинтикка Я. Логико-эпистемологические исследования. М., 1980. 2. Mann A. L., Sandu G., Sevenster M. Independence-Friendly...

This article analyses various aspects of public policy in the field of urban design in the 1950s/1960s. The achievements and difficulties in solving the housing problem in Kaliningrad are identified. The process of modernization of regional construction industry is analysed. The article identifies the general and specific features of construction and development of residential areas under Khrushchev and examines the influence of new social and economic policy and the restructuring of state construction...

This article identifies the role of ontology in the system model of argumentation (SMA). Since the term ‘ontology’ is rarely used in argumentation studies and the context of its usage is rather unconventional, there is a need to define the notion of ontology within SMA. The method for studying argumentation in SMA is that of modelling, the second important step is analysing the role of ontology in argumentation modelling. 1. Брюшинкин В. Н. Системная модель аргументации // Трансцендентальная антропология...

This article analyses possibilities for minimising energy threats to the economy of the Kaliningrad region — an isolated Russian exclave. The au-thors consider the key aspects of the region’s economic security, identify threats, and provide a critical assessment different solutions to this problems. The research is based on the data of Rosstat and international statistics (IEA), analytical materials, and publications on the problems of global and regional energy security. The articles suggests that...

This article discusses the functions of anagrams in the philosophical discourse in terms of their general cultural functioning. Thus the study is brought to a more general level, which makes it possible to identify the cognitive mechanisms of anagrams. General conclusions about the functioning of anagrams in the philosophical discourse are made. The author stresses the originality of their structuring (text forming) function, the expansion of discursive semantics created by them and its orientation...

This article addresses the interpretation of social entrepreneurship in the Russian legislation, as well as the introduction of various forms of social entrepreneurship in the Kaliningrad region. The author analyses the cases of social entrepreneurship development in the Kaliningrad region and identifies the problems of interpreting the term “social entrepreneurship” in the Russian commercial law. 1. Барков А. В. Творческое развитие идеи А. Г. Быкова о социальном предназначении предпринимательства...

This article analyses Fedor Stepun’s idea of social Christianity. The au¬thor identifies the axiological context of the Baden School of Neo-Kantian thought in Stepun’s interpretation of Christian God. The significance of Christian politics in the philosopher’s assessment of socio-political processes is stressed. 1. Степун Ф. А. Борьба либеральной и тоталитарной демократии вокруг понятия истины // Степун Ф. А. Соч. М., 2000. С. 557—564. 2. Степун Ф. А. Бывшее и несбывшееся. СПб., 1994. 3. Степун...

This article addresses the choice between long- and short-lived equipment. The author considers the impact of taxation on this choice. The main choice parameters and the comparative effect of taxation are identified. 1. Брейли Р., Майерс С. Принципы корпоративных финансов / пер. с англ. М., 2004. 2. Губанов Р. С. Теория аннуитетных потоков как основа практики эффективных финансовых расчетов // Финансовый менеджмент. 2014. № 5. С. 11—21. 3. Тарануха Ю. В. Конкурентное поведение фирмы в условиях...

The article presents the author’s view on modelling an expert system through the implementation of one of social paradigms. Such categories as ‘governance’, ‘leadership’, and ‘leadership management’ are identified as indicators of management interactions. Each of the categories is operationalized and provided with a detailed description, which includes autonomous social resources supporting effective governance in the situation of organizational interactions. 1. Рогатин В. П. Психология контекстного...

This article discusses certain features of the enforcement mechanism in the legal regulation of public authorities’ responsibility. The author conducts a critical analysis of the possibilities of using laws as enforcement acts of the legal responsibility of public authorities. The shortcomings of certain legal constructions associated with public enforcement measures against public authorities are identified. The article addresses the issues for improving the related legislation of the Russian Federation...

... М., 2004. 8. Фукуяма Ф. Наше постчеловеческое будущее: Последствия биотехнологической революции. М., 2004. 9. Butler Judith P. Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. N. Y., 1990. 10. Colapinto J. As Nature Made Him: The Boy Who Was Raised as a Girl. N. Y., 2001.

This article analyses international investment contracts with Russian participation. The author considers universal and regional contracts and bi-lateral agreements on the encouragement and mutual protection of capital in-vestments. The main guarantees provided to both Russian investors abroad and to foreign investors in the Russian Federation are identified. 1. Инвестиционное законодательство : сборник нормативных актов / сост. Ю. В. Лазарева. М., 2006. 2. Соглашения о защите и поощрении капиталовложений...

The article stresses that, in the modern world, economic activities have a significant negative effect on environmental security. The human impact on the environment is a result of gross violations of environmental laws. The law enforcement measures introduced in the field of environmental pollution often prove to be ineffective. The complications associated with identifying environmental crimes and concrete offenders result in increasing latency of environmental crimes. There is a need to decrease...

This article discusses the development of post-Soviet nationalist identity in Latvia under the influence of nationalist neo-Nazi organizations and persuasion. The ethnic component occupies a central place in today's political identification in Latvia. It is proved that major political groups and parties recognize and ...

This article analyses the basic norms of international law on the protection of marine environment from vessel-source pollution. The universal and regional levels of legal regulation of preventing marine environment pollution are identified. Special attention is paid to the status of the Baltic Sea as a “special area” and as a “particularly sensitive sea area”. 1. Meeresumweltschutz für Nord- und Ostsee: Sondergutachten, Februar 2004 /SRU, Der Rat von Sachverständigen für Umweltfragen. Baden-Baden...

The advance of the population aging process leads to new socioeconomic consequences, including the formation of the so-called sandwich generation — 55-65 year olds, predominantly females, who care for their elderly parents, raise children (or grandchildren), and perform their professional duties. One of the key problems faced by people in this situation is psychological adaptation to the changing life conditions. This article considers changes in the 50-65 year old population in Russia and identify...

... existence of the external world in the space of Berkeley’s philosophy and its influence on Kant’s system are analysed as one of the key issues of idealism. The author seeks to familiarize the reader with the contentious issues relating to the problem of identity of Berkeley’s and Kant’s systems and corresponding critique. 1. Калинников Л. А. Об особенностях кантовского агностицизма // Кантовский сборник. 1981. Вып. 6. С. 39—50....

... Проблема образа государства в международных отношениях в рамках конструктивистской парадигмы // Политэкс. 2007. № 3. С. 253—260. 9. Wendt A. Collective identity formation and the international state // American political science review. N. Y., 1994. Vol. 88, № 2. P. 384—396. 10. Krzyżanowski M. The Discursive Construction of European Identities. Frankfurt a/M, 2010. 11. Моррис Ч. У. ...

This article addresses the problem of discretionary powers of judges and considers the correlation between the notions of judicial discretions and discretionary powers. Based on an analysis of scientific literature, the author identifies the features of discretion powers of judges, as well as the possibilities for their efficient application in the administration of justice. 1. Алексеев С. С. Общая теория права. М., 2009. 2. Аносова М. М. К вопросу о влиянии усмотрения правоприменяющего субъекта...

This article is devoted to the urgent issue of analyzing the innovative potential of an organisation’s employees. The study aims to develop a methodology for identifying the potential at the level of enterprises. The author presents an original method for assessing the innovative potential of an organisation’s employees and a mechanism of its identification. The most significant factors affecting the innovation potential of personnel are as follows: the availability of resources for innovation, susceptibility...

This article considers the response of Russian philosophers abroad to Nietzsche’s philosophy in the pages of the Sovremennye Zapiski journal. The philosopher’s ideas addressed in the journal are identified. The author analyses the significance of Nietzsche’s thoughts on certain Russian philosophers abroad. 1. «Современные записки» (Париж, 1920—1940). Из архива редакции : сб. /под ред. О. Коростелёва и М. Шрубы. М., 2010. Т. 1. 2. Бердяев Н. А. В защиту христианской свободы // Современные записки...

This article considers the mechanism of financing of political parties in the Republic of Latvia. The author analyses the participation of financial and economic groups in the country’s political life. Key business actors affecting the formation of Latvian political system are identified. It is concluded that, since regaining independence in 1991, business has been a principal source of financing for Latvian political parties. The scope of financing of political parties in the republic depends on...

This article examines the main trends in the development of customer loyalty programmes and describes companies’ approaches to creating and implementing them. The authors identify the challenges facing companies that modify customer loyalty programmes in accordance with the features of the Russian institutional environment. 1. Гордон Я. Х. Маркетинг партнерских отношений. СПб., 2001. 2. Плотникова Е. А., Куликова З. В. Программа лояльности — дань моде или эффективный маркетинговый инструмент //...

This article deals with the legal regulation, development, and mechanism of consumer loan insurance in Russia. The author presents statistical data of the Central Bank of Russia and identifies the current "bottlenecks" of the banking services market 1. Банковское кредитование : учебник / под ред. А. М. Тавасиева. М., 2012. 2. Банковское дело : учебник. / ред. кол. Н. И. Валенцева, О. И. Лаврушин, И. Д. Мамонова [и др.]. М., 2007. 3. Кроливецкая Л. П., Тихомирова Е. В. Банковское дело:...

This article analyses the changes to the legal status of various categories of allotment during P.A. Stolypin’s agrarian reform. It is shown that the introduction of the institution of personal property (which is not identical to private property) did not mean the elimination of rural community’s ownership of a significant part of the allotment land. 1. Анфимов А. М. Неоконченные споры // Вопросы истории. 1997. № 6. 2....

This paper explores the influence of the development processes taking place in the Russian Empire on the Baltic Fleet. Five periods of the Baltic Fleet development are identified. The Fleet is interpreted as a significant element of the state mechanism for defending national interests in peace and wartime. 1. Горшков С. Г. Морская мощь государства. М., 1976. 2. История отечественного судостроения : в 5 т. СПб., 1994. Т. 1. 3. Гистория Свейской войны (Поденная записка Петра Великого) : в 2 т. М...

This article considers the method of cluster formation through applying the principles of hierarchical cluster analysis of multidimensional statistical data of factors affecting the competitive advantages of hotel firms and its testing in the Kaliningrad hotel services market. The authors identify the clusters in the Kaliningrad hotel services market and describe the objects most involved in competition, as well as the objects potentially possessing both similar and unique factors affecting their...

This article analyses the ethnonymy and other ethnocultural markers (denomination, language) of the residents of Belarusian lands during the partitions of Poland on the basis of works by S. Plescheev, H. F. Hackmann, L. M. Maksimovich, V. M. Severgin, and other scholars. The urban population was ethnically identified as Polish, whereas the rural peasant one as predominantly Lithuanian. 1. Вуглік І. Р. Этнаніміка беларусаў XVII—XVIII ст.: экзаэтнонімы // Весці БДПУ. 2009. Сер. 2. Гісторыя. Філасофія...

This article analyses the historical prerequisites for the development of the legal framework for local self-governance in the last years of the USSR and RSFSR and the first years of the Russian Federation, as well as its role in the political system and the social life of modern Russia. The author identifies the key contradictions in power relations between public and local authorities. 1. Конституция Рос. Федерации [Электронный ресурс]. Доступ из справ.- правовой системы «КонсультантПлюс» (дата...

The subject of this study is the influence of area factors on the innovation activities of small enterprises. The main theoretical aspects of regional asymmetry of economic development are analyzed. The article presents the author’s method of assessing regional asymmetry of small enterprise innovation development and the mechanism of its diagnostics tested in the case of the regions of the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation. The most meaningful factors affecting innovation activities...

This article considers the formation of ethical codes in modern Russia. The authors investigate legal acts regulating the creation, implementation, and preservation of ethical standards. The article offers a system of ethical codes and identifies certain problems of their application. 1. Бережкова Н. Ф. Роль этических норм в деятельности органов прокуратуры Российской Федерации // Административное право и процесс. 2012. № 8. С. 62—64. 2. Буркова А. Этические нормы поведения в банковском секторе:...

This article considers the events of the 1930—1940s in the Baltics. The authors analyse changes in the political systems and international priorities of the ruling elites of Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia. The influence of domestic factors on solving the problem of independence preservation in the conditions of world war is identified. 1. Anušauskas A. Teroras ir nusikaltimai žmoniškumui. Pirmoji sovietinė okupacija. Terror and Crimes against Humanity. The First Soviet Occupation. Vilnius, 2006...

Every science uses the concepts, in which the knowledge accumulated by it is concentrated. The methodology of economic logistics is a general theoretical approach to studying material and related flows in economic systems that based on a special understanding of reality within a certain philosophical framework. As science, logistics applies the laws of organization of elements into a functional whole as a result of the practices of logistic structure formation. Alongside general laws, the system...