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This article presents a case of developing a balanced performance scorecard for a Kaliningrad trading company. A general solution includes five stages: analysing economic performance, studying dependencies between performance indicators, building strategic map charts, identifying goals and planning relevant measures, and assessing the efficiency of such measures. 1. Каплан Р. С., Нортон Д. П. Сбалансированная система показателей. От стратегии к действию. М., 2005. 2. Внедрение сбалансированной системы...

This article deals with the possible areas of cross-border cooperation between Russian and Belarussian regions. The author identifies the main results of cooperation between the countries in trade, transport, science, and social relations. The article proposes four possible scenarios of cooperation, which can ensure a rational use of the regions’ potentials. 1. Альметова З. В., Подрядова Т. Е., Шеремет А. А. Взаимодействие России и Белоруссии в рамках Евразийского союза // Актуальные направления...

This article discusses a number of matrimonial legal issues relating to dissolution of marriage at a registry office. Possible ways of legal settlement are proposed and incompatibilities in the legal regulation identified. 1. Об актах гражданского состояния [Электронный ресурс] : федер. закон Рос. Федерации от 15 ноября 1997 г. № 143-ФЗ (в ред. от 28.11.2015 № 358-ФЗ). Доступ из справ.-правовой системы «КонсультантПлюс». 2. Об утверждении положения о паспорте гражданина РФ, образца бланка и описания...

The article evaluates the achievements of Russian pre-revolutionary civil law as the basis for modern civil law. The author identifies the basic elements of the Russian system of civil law, which are unique in their character. The author draws a conclusion about certain similarities in defining the legal position of the state in pre-revolutionary and contemporary Russia. It is necessary to develop new concepts of state participation in civil relations. 1. Бондарь Т. В. Государственная корпорация...

This article examines the sources of judicial discretion under Russian law. Based on a legislation analysis, the author identifies and classifies legal rules granting judges discretionary powers and defines the role of such rules in the administration of law by judges. The discretionary power of judges is considered in terms of compliance with the constitutional rights of citizens. 1. Абушенко Д. Б. Судебное усмотрение в гражданском и арбитражном процессе. М., 2002. 2. Алексеев С. С. Право: азбука...

This article focuses on the theoretical ideas of criminal penalties of material nature in pre-revolutionary Russia of the second half of XIX — early XX century. The author provides an analysis of N. Sergeevsky’s treatise on criminal financial sanctions in the XVII century Russia. Special attention is paid to the research works of N. Tagantsev, I. Foynitsky and others. The author analyses the views of the time concerning expropriation and fines, and identifies reasons for the prevailing attitude to...

This article discusses the features of criminal policy in the economic sphere and analyses the recent changes to Chapter 22 of the Criminal code of the Russian Federation. Based on the analysis, general trends in the relevant legislative activity are identified and recommendations to overcome the existing deficiencies made. 1. Иванчин А. И. Финансово-экономические перемены как фактор конструирования новых и реконструкции либо ликвидации старых составов преступлений // Материалы IX Российского конгресса...

The author considers topical issues of ensuring the economic security of the Kaliningrad region. The main indicators of economic development that affect the current state of economic security of the exclave region are identified and analyzed. 1. Об утверждении перечней субъектов Российской Федерации в соответствии с положениями пункта 5 статьи 130 Бюджетного кодекса Российской Федерации : приказ Минфина России от 9 ноября 2016 г. № 481 [Электронный ресурс]. Доступ из прав.-правовой системы «Гарант»...

This article examines scientific approaches to scenario planning and analyses the algorithm of business development scenarios. The authors summarise a vast array of information. An analysis of external and internal environment of the fishing industry is carried out and the problems of regional industry development are identified and systematised. Based on a strategic analysis of the regional fishing industry, different development scenarios are formulated and possible strategic decisions considered...

The author explores mutual alimentary obligations of children and parents. There are different forms of financial support including alimony. Alimentary obligation is the most important concept of the Family Code. However, neither the Family Code of the Russian Federation, nor other normative acts contains any legal definition of alimentary obligation. The author defines the concept of alimentary obligation and analyses the difference between the concepts of ‘support’ and ‘alimony’. The article describes...

The article investigates Edward Stanley’s attempt to establish a centre party in 1834—1835. Based in unpublished sources and recent historical studies, the author identifies the causes of the failure of this project. These causes were both subjective – for instance, the King’s influence and Stanley’s personality – and objective, i.e the well-timed consolidation of the Whigs and the Tories. 1. «Кредо Ноусли» и Тамвортский манифест 1834 года (компаративный анализ) // Ретроспектива: всемирная история...

This article analyses Robert Merton’s and Thomas Kuhn’s approaches to the concept of paradigm. Whereas Merton identifies the function of a paradigm in analysing data obtained within a social study, Kuhn considers a paradigm as a key notion at a certain stage of the development of science – that of normal science. It is stressed that, despite differences in approaches, the theories do not contradict but rather complement each other. 1. Mamedov A. K., Rybakova V. V. Scientific problem as a factor...

The paper analyzes the development of historical memory in the early Kaliningrad region and the activities of regional administration aimed at identifying and registering monuments of history and culture. The author stresses the contradictions in cultural heritage policies pursued by the authorities. 1. Иванов Ю. Н. Танцы в крематории: десять эпизодов кёнигсбергской жизни : роман. Калининград, 2006. 2. История войн ХХ века в памятниках их участникам. М., 2009. 3. О мерах улучшения охраны памятников...

This article analyses human capital of young public and political figures in modern Russian society. Based on the methodology of resource approach and the methods of modern statistics, the author identifies three groups of young public and political figures: political leaders, political activists, and social activists, which makes it possible to demonstrate differentiation within this category. The results of an online survey of the participants of the Seliger-2013 national youth forum (N = 439)...

The article considers N. O. Lossky’s methodology for interpreting the Russian national character. It is noted that N. O. Lossky identified and analyzed stable sociocultural images and their variants. Fiction, philosophical essays, and epistolary heritage are used as sources for the study. 1. Ильин И. А. Путь к очевидности. Мюнхен, 1957. 2. Лосский Н. О. Характер русского народа. Франкфурт н/М, 1957. 3. Малыгина И. В. Культурная идентичность современной России: испытание мультикультурализмом. URL:...

This article examines the origins and development of the public history movement in America. Special attention is paid to analysing ideas and approaches dominant at different stages of its development and identifying factors behind changes in major trends. It is shown that pubic history has undergone significant transformations abandoning the idea of professionalising non-academic history for that of collaborative structuring of the past by historians and the general public. 1. Махов А. С. Рой Розенцвейг:...

This article demonstrates how G.D Gurvich combines the ideas of axiology of Neo-Kantianism and phenomenology. The author considers the features of a religious act in G. D. Gurvich’s philosophy and analyses the characteristics of religious experience in the doctrine of auto-theurgy. G. D. Gurvich’s position on the social role of religion in religious philosophy is identified. 1. Гурвич Г. Д. Идея социального права // Гурвич Г. Д. Философия и социология права : избр. соч. СПб., 2004. С. 41—213. 2...

Using documents, the press, and studies of Polish scholars, this article analyses the problem of changing German toponyms during the remaining campaign in Warmia and Masuria in the early postwar years. The historical background, conditions, and principles of renaming settlements, natural objects, streets, and squares are identified and the practical problems of the renaming campaign are analysed. It is concluded that these processes were quite dissimilar in Poland and the USSR, which is explained...

This article focuses on the problem of the nature of gmina courts in the Kingdom of Poland, which is of fundamental significance for identifying their role in the judicial system of the Russian Empire. Based on an analysis of historical and legal facts and documents, it is concluded that, from the 15th through the 19th centuries, the nature gmina courts gradually evolved from social (as part of the emerging local governments) to public (resulting from the royal prerogative 1. Об административном...

This article explores local crafts of peasant women of the north-western provinces, namely, weaving, needlework, and lacework. The work conditions are examined. The author stresses that workers were highly dependent on dealers who provided them with raw materials and sold their products at the market. The phenomena identified are indicative of the formation of capitalistic forms of using the labour of peasant women practicing crafts, including that of a “dispersed manufactory.” 1. Обзор деятельности...

This article addresses the relevant issues of using the modelling method in investigating criminal fires and classifies it. The authors identify the modelling and reconstruction methods in the system of criminal fire investigation. An analysis of the correlation between modelling and reconstruction is conducted. New applications of these methods are described. 1. Статистические данные по пожарам за январь — декабрь 2014 года // Официальный сайт МЧС России. URL: http://www.mchs.gov.ru/folder/3788548...

Based on documents of the State Archive of the Kaliningrad region that were not previously used for scientific purposes, this article attempts to examine the specific Soviet social phenomenon of factory pilfers and identify the reasons behind its development, as well as its extents at factory No. 820 (today, the Yantar factory). The author presents the facts of petty thefts at the factory and analyses corresponding punishments and the management’s attitude towards pilfers. 1. Беляков В. А., Скрябин...

This article analyses approaches to developing the concept of the ‘subject of law’. The author considers different perspectives on identifying similarities and differences between the categories of the ‘subject of law’, ‘subject of a legal relationship’, and ‘personal with legal personality’. It is concluded that the category of ‘subject of law’ should be developed in the context of interdisciplinary studies. 1. Большой юридический словарь / под ред. А. В. Малько. М., 2010. 2. Алексеев С. С. Право:...

Based on documents of the State Archive of the Kaliningrad region that were not previously used for scientific purposes, this article attempts to examine the specific Soviet social phenomenon of factory pilfers and identify the reasons behind its development, as well as its extents at factory No. 820 (today, the Yantar factory). The author presents the facts of petty thefts at the factory and analyses corresponding punishments and the management’s attitude towards pilfers. 1. Беляков В. А., Скрябин...

This paper analyses the historiosophical views of François Guizot (1787—1874) based on his works from the period of the First Empire (1804— 1814). The established chronological framework makes it possible to identify the foundations of the great thinker’s historical theory — foundations cleansed of the political influence of the Bourbon Restoration (1814—1830) and the July Monarchy (1830-1848), where Guizot was an activist of the liberal opposition and later became one of the leaders of the French...

This article discusses the ontological and epistemological aspects of the interpretation of time in N. O. Lossky’s ideal realism. It is stressed that time is a form of events initiated by substantial actors in the process of world creation. The author analyses the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of time. The features of synchronous and asynchronous aspects of cognising existential processes by an agent are identified in the framework of epistemology. 1. Гайденко П. П. Время. Длительность...

This article considers the response of Russian philosophers abroad to Nietzsche’s philosophy in the pages of the Sovremennye Zapiski journal. The philosopher’s ideas addressed in the journal are identified. The author analyses the significance of Nietzsche’s thoughts on certain Russian philosophers abroad. 1. «Современные записки» (Париж, 1920—1940). Из архива редакции : сб. /под ред. О. Коростелёва и М. Шрубы. М., 2010. Т. 1. 2. Бердяев Н. А. В защиту христианской свободы // Современные записки...

This article analyses the factors that strengthened the influence of the Christian right movement in the USA in the 1990s. The author considers the organizational changes and ideological transformation within the movement and its effect on the political process in this period. The article identifies the problems facing the Christian Right movement in its attempt to devise political tactics in the mid-1990s. The author pays special attention to the question of the interaction between the Christian...

This article justifies the use of economic dynamics principles in the process of modelling the existing system of household waste accumulation. The authors identify a number of factors relating to the tendency of various organisational manifestations to stable equilibrium of the process of accumulating household waste in containers. The model is based on the linear proportion of changes in parameters describing the quantity of household waste accumulated within one cycle.

This article identifies the features of analytical approach to studying the sectoral structure of economy, including the general economic, socio-economic, and investment performance. It is concluded that the gross regional product shows steady growth, structural differences from the national average are insignificant, manufacturing produces the greatest output, and wholesale and retail trade is dominated by real estate operations. 1. Развитие экономики Калининградской области в ключевых показателях...

This article considers the main provisions of philosophology — the system developed by Grigory Landau, a Russian philosopher abroad. The author identifies the grounds on which the philosopher distinguishes between philosophology and philosophy, as well as the correlation between the notions. The basic elements of the system developed – the motive of thinking and philosopheme — are identified and characterised. These elements are supertemporal, their interaction in the consciousness of a subject is...

This article focuses on the major problems of studying one of the key aspects of the demographic history of the Kaliningrad region – the evolution of mortality rate in urban and rural population. Based on an analysis of statistical data from archival documents, the author considers the dynamics and characteristics of mortality rate. The key mortality rate indicators and the factors behind its decrease in the first half/mid-1950s are identified; the age structure of mortality is reconstructed. It...

This article describes the conditions, resources, and prerequisites necessary for the efficient functioning of small businesses. Based on the theoretical propositions and practical results of productive forces distribution, the authors identify groups of factors of spatial organization of small businesses: national and supranational level, regional level, location, and the entrepreneur. A sequential analysis of the main factors of the small business deployment showed that taking into account all...

This article analyses possibilities for minimising energy threats to the economy of the Kaliningrad region — an isolated Russian exclave. The au-thors consider the key aspects of the region’s economic security, identify threats, and provide a critical assessment different solutions to this problems. The research is based on the data of Rosstat and international statistics (IEA), analytical materials, and publications on the problems of global and regional energy security. The articles suggests that...

In the second half of the twentieth century, similar to other classical concepts of modernity , Immanuel Kant’s political philosophy became an object of postmodern critique, also from the standpoint of feminist philosophy. Feminist critique made it possible to develop a new perspective on Kant’s heritage and identify the influence of the patriarchal tradition in his philosophy. 1. Артемьева О. В. Этика заботы: феминистская альтернатива классической философии // Этическая мысль / отв. ред. А. А....

This article analyses various aspects of public policy in the field of urban design in the 1950s/1960s. The achievements and difficulties in solving the housing problem in Kaliningrad are identified. The process of modernization of regional construction industry is analysed. The article identifies the general and specific features of construction and development of residential areas under Khrushchev and examines the influence of new social and economic policy and the restructuring of state construction...

This article identifies the role of ontology in the system model of argumentation (SMA). Since the term ‘ontology’ is rarely used in argumentation studies and the context of its usage is rather unconventional, there is a need to define the notion of ontology within SMA. The method for studying argumentation in SMA is that of modelling, the second important step is analysing the role of ontology in argumentation modelling. 1. Брюшинкин В. Н. Системная модель аргументации // Трансцендентальная антропология...

This article addresses the choice between long- and short-lived equipment. The author considers the impact of taxation on this choice. The main choice parameters and the comparative effect of taxation are identified. 1. Брейли Р., Майерс С. Принципы корпоративных финансов / пер. с англ. М., 2004. 2. Губанов Р. С. Теория аннуитетных потоков как основа практики эффективных финансовых расчетов // Финансовый менеджмент. 2014. № 5. С. 11—21. 3. Тарануха Ю. В. Конкурентное поведение фирмы в условиях...

This article provides an analysis of the key aspects of game-theoretic semantics and demonstrates its advantages in presenting incomplete information and imperfect memory. The author identifies the limitations of J. Hintikka’s game-theoretic semantics as to the problem of asymmetry in semantic games. The article provides an overview of concurrent game-theoretic semantics. 1. Хинтикка Я. Логико-эпистемологические исследования. М., 1980. 2. Mann A. L., Sandu G., Sevenster M. Independence-Friendly...

This article addresses the interpretation of social entrepreneurship in the Russian legislation, as well as the introduction of various forms of social entrepreneurship in the Kaliningrad region. The author analyses the cases of social entrepreneurship development in the Kaliningrad region and identifies the problems of interpreting the term “social entrepreneurship” in the Russian commercial law. 1. Барков А. В. Творческое развитие идеи А. Г. Быкова о социальном предназначении предпринимательства...

This article analyses Fedor Stepun’s idea of social Christianity. The au¬thor identifies the axiological context of the Baden School of Neo-Kantian thought in Stepun’s interpretation of Christian God. The significance of Christian politics in the philosopher’s assessment of socio-political processes is stressed. 1. Степун Ф. А. Борьба либеральной и тоталитарной демократии вокруг понятия истины // Степун Ф. А. Соч. М., 2000. С. 557—564. 2. Степун Ф. А. Бывшее и несбывшееся. СПб., 1994. 3. Степун...

This article analyses international investment contracts with Russian participation. The author considers universal and regional contracts and bi-lateral agreements on the encouragement and mutual protection of capital in-vestments. The main guarantees provided to both Russian investors abroad and to foreign investors in the Russian Federation are identified. 1. Инвестиционное законодательство : сборник нормативных актов / сост. Ю. В. Лазарева. М., 2006. 2. Соглашения о защите и поощрении капиталовложений...

This article discusses the functions of anagrams in the philosophical discourse in terms of their general cultural functioning. Thus the study is brought to a more general level, which makes it possible to identify the cognitive mechanisms of anagrams. General conclusions about the functioning of anagrams in the philosophical discourse are made. The author stresses the originality of their structuring (text forming) function, the expansion of discursive semantics created by them and its orientation...

This article discusses certain features of the enforcement mechanism in the legal regulation of public authorities’ responsibility. The author conducts a critical analysis of the possibilities of using laws as enforcement acts of the legal responsibility of public authorities. The shortcomings of certain legal constructions associated with public enforcement measures against public authorities are identified. The article addresses the issues for improving the related legislation of the Russian Federation...

The advance of the population aging process leads to new socioeconomic consequences, including the formation of the so-called sandwich generation — 55-65 year olds, predominantly females, who care for their elderly parents, raise children (or grandchildren), and perform their professional duties. One of the key problems faced by people in this situation is psychological adaptation to the changing life conditions. This article considers changes in the 50-65 year old population in Russia and identify...

The article presents the author’s view on modelling an expert system through the implementation of one of social paradigms. Such categories as ‘governance’, ‘leadership’, and ‘leadership management’ are identified as indicators of management interactions. Each of the categories is operationalized and provided with a detailed description, which includes autonomous social resources supporting effective governance in the situation of organizational interactions. 1. Рогатин В. П. Психология контекстного...

This article analyses the basic norms of international law on the protection of marine environment from vessel-source pollution. The universal and regional levels of legal regulation of preventing marine environment pollution are identified. Special attention is paid to the status of the Baltic Sea as a “special area” and as a “particularly sensitive sea area”. 1. Meeresumweltschutz für Nord- und Ostsee: Sondergutachten, Februar 2004 /SRU, Der Rat von Sachverständigen für Umweltfragen. Baden-Baden...

... organisation’s employees. The study aims to develop a methodology for identifying the potential at the level of enterprises. The author presents an original method for assessing the innovative potential of an organisation’s employees and a mechanism of its identification. The most significant factors affecting the innovation potential of personnel are as follows: the availability of resources for innovation, susceptibility to innovations, the organisational management component, and the socio-psychological ...

This article discusses the development of post-Soviet nationalist identity in Latvia under the influence of nationalist neo-Nazi organizations and persuasion. The ethnic component occupies a central place in today's political identification in Latvia. It is proved that major political groups and parties recognize and proclaim nationalist principles regardless of their basic ideology. 1. Parming T. Nationalism in Soviet Estonia since 1964 // Nationalism in the USSR and Eastern ...

This article addresses the problem of discretionary powers of judges and considers the correlation between the notions of judicial discretions and discretionary powers. Based on an analysis of scientific literature, the author identifies the features of discretion powers of judges, as well as the possibilities for their efficient application in the administration of justice. 1. Алексеев С. С. Общая теория права. М., 2009. 2. Аносова М. М. К вопросу о влиянии усмотрения правоприменяющего субъекта...