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... separated from the territory of the mother country by a foreign state (states) but having access to the sea. A complete list of coastal exclaves in the world as well as their main comparative characteristics is given. Coastal exclaves are compared to other ones in Russian typologies of enclave regions. The author has classified coastal exclaves according to several parameters. 1. Robinson G. W. C. Exclaves // Annals of the Association of American Geographers 1959. Vol. 49, iss. 3. P. 283—295. 2. Melamid A. Enclaves and Exclaves // International Encyclopedia ...

... the right lobe, and the thickness of the left lobe). JT Childs’s formula was chosen as producing the most accurate results and as the most adequate for the use by a practicing ultrasound specialist. The deviation percentage of results obtained using the other formulas was calculated in relation to Childs’s formula. It is concluded that the most accurate formula for calculating the standard volume of the liver is that proposed by A Chouker. The formula can be used for reference purposes when conducting ...

... I classi­fy seventeen constituent entities of Russia as western border regions. Another focus is the structuring of border regions based on environmental, climatic, positional, polit­ical-territorial, resource and economic, settlement-related, and other factors. I provide a multi-criteria typology in view of the actual and po­tential effect of ge­opolitical and geoeconomic turbulence on regional socioeco­nomic systems. 1. Алаев Э. Б. Экономико-географическая терминология. М., 1977. 2. Вардомский Л....

... a theoretical approach to studying the formation and transformation of a territorial community. There are different types of proximities within the territorial community: geographic, formative, dominant interaction and development proximities among others. Using clusters as an example the author proves that the formation of unique characteristics of various forms of spatial networking is defined by the essential features of the territorial community underlying them. 1. Балтийский регион как полюс экономической ...

... to study objects of different scales, particularly, the Arctic, which serves as an indicator of global processes taking place across the planet. I track long-term fluctuations in the climatic parameters of the Kaliningrad region. Further, I estimate the rate of temperature change in Kaliningrad and other locations that have weather sta­tions and establish the cause-and-effect relationship in the behavior of various indicators. 1. Алексеев Г. В., Радионов В. Ф., Александров Е. И. и др. Изменения климата ...

... and the data obtained during an ultrasound examination. The algorithm is built on the basis of a genetic algorithm with coefficients calculated using linear regression. It is shown that the new formula is more accurate than previously proposed ones. The algorithm can be used to work out volumetric formulas for other organs in radiological studies. 1. Изранов В. А., Казанцева Н. В., Мартинович М. В. и др. Оценка точности вычисления стандартного объема при ультразвуковой ...

... compounds containing amide function are used in the synthesis of biologically active substances. One can expect products synthesized with quinones and heterocyclic amines of the benzotriazole series to have a wide spectrum of biological activity and other useful properties. 1. Monbaliu J.-C. M. The Chemistry of Benzotriazole Derivatives: A Tribute to Alan Roy Katritzky. Switzerland, 2016. 2. Панкратов А. Н. Методология простой квантовохимической оценки твер­дофазных теплот ...

The level and dynamics of development of retail trade in the context of the subjects of the Russian Federation are highly differentiated. Differentiation is influenced both by the income level of the population and by other factors, since there is no functional dependence between per capita income and the volume of per capita retail trade. Even weaker is the connection between the dynamics of these indicators. The article reveals regional features of the level and ...

In this article, we present a clinical case of a patient with T-cell lympho­ma (delta-gamma variant) complicated by neuroleukemia. We performed a dif­ferential diagnosis from other lymphoproliferative diseases. Our diagnosis was based on trepanobiopsy and immunophenotyping data: delta-gamma-T/NK-cell lymphoma, hepatolienal form. The first NHL-BFM 90 protocol block was obtained. We performed a whole body PET/CT scan and a myelogram to con­firm the diagnosis. Since therapy was ineffective, we conducted two courses of second-line therapy (R-ICE) and received a partial response....

... clinical medicine. It is directly connected to the need for an objective quantitative assessment of organ size. The complexity of calculating the volume is due to an irregular geometric shape of the organ, which can not be approximated to an ellipse or any other geometric figure. The aim of the study is to ex vivo evaluate the possibilities of measuring the volume of the liver based on the linear dimensions of the organ according to the formulas proposed for ultrasonic volumetry. The study was carried out on 70 corpses of humans ...

... patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease, undergoing hemodialysis. The objective of the study is to identify the relationship between the quality of life indicators on the one hand and the nutritional status and the duration of hemodialysis on the other. We present the current KDQOL-SF questionnaire tailored for assessing the quality of life indicators in patients with chronic kidney disease. The nutri­tional status of the patients was assessed using clinical data: the body mass index, the skin ...

Amid a worsening geopolitical situation and Big Eurasia plunging into geoeconomic uncertainty, Russian regions are working towards new interregional collaborations and looking for partners in other markets. Russia’s outposts in the Baltic — St. Petersburg and the Kaliningrad region — play a central communicative role in relations with European countries. An exclave under transport and logistics blockade, the Kaliningrad region is increasingly seeking new areas and forms ...

This article presents data on the taxonomy of birds in the Kaliningrad re¬gion as compared to the taxonomic reviews of birds of Belarus, the Baltic States, Poland, and other European territories. This is the final part a study into the subspecies affiliation of some nesting species of the order Passeriformes. Studying ample data collections and analysing publications made it possible to present a review of the subspecies ...

... two groups based on the geographic determinism of their distribution. The described spatial and temporal variability of these parameters is indicative of large and medium-scale processes in the Southern Ocean. The research confirms the impact of both the seafloor topography and ocean dynamics on eddy distribution and other parameters. 1. Басов И. А. Океанская и климатическая эволюция в миоцене // Природа. 1999. № 5. С. 18—28. 2. Голивец С. В., Кошляков М. Н. Вихреобразование ...

... "Alcohol and drug prevention among youth in Baltic Sea region" (ADPY), implemented in 2012-2013 with the participation of municipalities from four European countries – Sweden, Norway, Lithuania, and Russia (two districts of the Kaliningrad region). The study aimed to collect comparable data on alcohol, drug, and other psychoactive substance abuse in 15-16 year olds. This article analyses the feautures of substance abuse in youth in the town of Bagrationovsk, including risks associated with substance abuse, the influence of family and social environment, and the ...

Тhe paper is devoted to the modeling of R&D behavior patterns of industrial enterprises in the conditions of perceived risks. Unambiguously negative influence is caused by institutional risks only, while the influence of other risk factors is more complex in character. 1. Cohen M., Jaffray J.-Y., Said T. Experimental Comparison of Individual Behavior under Risk and under Uncertainty for Gains and for Losses // Organizational behavior and human decision processes. 1987....

The article studies changes in migration relations between the Kaliningrad region and other regions of Russia and the former Soviet republics in 1990s and 2000s. Migratory flows intensity was assessed on the methodology of calculation of interregional migration intensity ratio (KIMS). The study analyzes the information on the annual arrivals ...

... cancer // Obstet. Gynecol. 2012. Vol. 120, № 2 (P. 1). P. 383—397. 24. Trimble C. L., Method M., Leitao M. et al. Management of Endometrial Precancers // Obst. Gync. 2012. Vol. 120, № 5. P. 1160—1175. 25. Van Roy F. Beyond E-cadherin: roles of other cadherin superfamily members in cancer // Nat. Rev. Can. 2014. Vol. 14. P. 121—134. 26. Van Roy F., Berx G. The cell-cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin // Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 2008. Vol. 65, № 23. P. 3756—3788. 27. Varma R. The effectiveness of a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) in the treatment of endometrial hyperplasia — a long-term ...

... Harel-Bellan A. et al. Hematopoietic growth-factor signal transduction and regulation of gene expression // Immunol Ser. 1990. Vol. 49. P. 379—410. 17. Griffin J. D., Spertini O., Ernst T. J. et al. Granulocyte-macrophage colonystimulating factor and other cytokines regulate surface expression of the leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 on human neutrophils, monocytes, and their precursors // J. Immunol. 1990. Vol. 145. P. 576—84. 18. Heeger P. Erythropoietin inhibits proliferation of human T cells // Nature Reviews Nephrology. 2014. Vol. 10. P. 299....

... evaluation of traditional ones. The article considers the use of the time slicing method in the historical geography of Russia’s North-West. The temporal scope of the study is the early 18th — late 19th century. The article describes changes in the selected ethnic groups in North-West Russia (Ozernaya oblast’) and in some other provinces. 1. Вампилова Л. Б., Манаков А. Г. Районирование России: историко-географический подход // Псковский регионологический журнал. 2012. № ...

... and development of Crimea (including Sevastopol) as Russia’s fourth exclave. Using the typology of the world’s enclave areas as objects of political geography, the author identifies distinctive characteristics of the Kaliningrad region and Crimea (the Crimean federal district) and compares them to other national and international enclaves. Another focus is the evolution of both territories from the national exclaves within the USSR into external ones. The author analyses general characteristics of the Kaliningrad region and Crimea from the perspective ...

... radionuclides by lichens and mushrooms // Radiat Environ Biophys. 1986. N 25(1). P. 43—54. 4. Baeza A., Guille F. J., Salas A., Manjo J. L. Distribution of radionuclides in different parts of a mushroom: Influence of the degree of maturity // Science of the Total Environment. 2006. N 359. P. 255—266. 5. Malinowska E., Szefer P., Bojanowski R. Radionuclides content in Xerocomus ba-dius and other commercial mushrooms from several regions of Poland // Food Chemistry. 2006. N 97. P. 19—24. 6. Kalač P. A review of edible mushroom radioactivity // Food Chemistry. 2001. N 75. P. 29—35. 7. Горбунов А. В., Ляпунов С. М....

The Kaliningrad region is a small territory of Russia in the centre of Europe. It differs from other Russian regions in natural conditions and reclamation history. The recent socioeconomic development has been associated with anthropogenic pressure on natural and cultural landscapes created during seven hundred years. It has a negative effect on ...

This article presents data on the taxonomy of birds in the Kaliningrad region in comparison to the materials of taxonomic surveys of birds in Belarus and other areas in Europe. It is the first part of the work focusing on the issue of subspecies affiliation of some breeding species of the orders Falconiformes, Galliformes, Gruiformes, Charadriiformes, Strigiformes, Piciformes. The second part, which is to be published in 2014, will ...

... potential is offered. The article describes the structure of the geoecological potential through identifying and defining its natural and human capital components. The key elements of the natural capital are raw material, biological, water and a number of other ones. The human capital is divided into geodemographic and moral-cultural capitals. 1. Реймерс Н. Ф. Природопользование : словарь-справочник. М., 1990. 2. Прозоров Л. Л. Энциклопедический ...

This article (part 2/1) presents data on the taxonomy of birds of the Kaliningrad region in comparison with the taxonomic reviews of birds in Belarus, the Baltic States, Poland, and other European territories. It is the second part of the work that discusses the issue of subspecies affiliation of some breeding species of the order Passeriformes. Based on the study of extensive data collections and an analysis of publications, the ...

... викингов в Северной Европе и на Руси. СПб., 2005. 7. Карта Ганзейского союза. URL: http://gkaf.narod.ru/rh-book/l-feod5/f05-05.htm (дата обращения: 17.12.12). 8. Traffic flows between the Baltic Ports and other major European ports. URL: http://www.port-net.net/studies/pdf_s/study_03_2.pdf (дата обращения: 17.12.2012). 9. Maritime Transport in the Baltic Sea / Draft HELCOM Thematic Assessment in 2006. URL:http://meeting.helcom.fi/c/document_library/get_file?...

... the qualitative and quantitative identification of the composition of essential oil obtained from common yarrow growing in different soils in the climatic zone of the Kaliningrad region. The authors established that, depending on the type of soil, the content of сhamazulene and other components in essential oil can vary across a wide oncentration range. 1. Атлас ареалов и ресурсов лекарственных растений СССР. М., 1983. 2. Растительные ресурсы СССР. Цветковые ...

This article claims that a decrease in the high frequency (62,5 %) of unfavourable outcomes of severe immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome can be achieved through ... ... monitoring of HIV-infected patients consisting in early detection, treatment and prevention of coinfections and swift elimination of other risk factors. 1. David M., Willem D. F., Annelies V., Charles F. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS): review ...

The article offers and an analysis of breeding bird fauna of Kaliningrad incomparison to Polish and one Lithuania cities. A total of 168 species breed in the cities under consideration, 94 (57.7 %) of them are common for all cities. Jacquard's diversity ...

... changing conditions of connatural and social environment. Saint-Petersburg is presented as a Russian metropolis and, simultaneously, an integral component of the Baltic region. The authors compare the health state trends in Saint Petersburg residents and the population of other Baltic countries. The environmental dependence of some diseases, including oncological ones, is emphasized. Three variants of population health forecasting are presented: inertiadepressive, stabilization, and stabilization-progressive ones. The ...

... inver­tebrates // Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 1993. V. 97. P. 193—207. 22. Sprung M. Field and laboratory observations of Dreissena polymorpha larvae: abundance, growth, mortality and food demands // Arch. Hydrobiol. 1989. V. 115. P. 537—561. 23. Sprung M. The other life: an account of present knowledge of the larval phase of Dreissena polymorpha // Nalepa T.   F., Schloesser D.   W. (eds.) Zebra mussels: biolo­gy, impacts and control. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton , Florida , 1993. P. 39—53. 24. ...

.... 19. Švažas S., Gražulevičius G. Geese migration in Lithuania . In: M. Žalakevičius (ed.). Study, modelling and forecasting of bird migration. Vilnius , 1987. P. 63-75 (in Russian). 20. Vaitkevicius A. Visible migration of waterfowl and other waterbirds in Lithuania . Reports of East Baltic Commission on the study of bird migration. Tartu , 1968. Vol. 5. P. 44-67 (in Russian). 21. Nedžinskas V. Swans in Lithuania . In: M.Valius (ed.). Lithuanian waterbirds and their ecology. Vilnius , 1980. P. 140-164 (in Lithuanian). 22. Gražulevičius G. ,...

This article analyses the condition of the legal regulation of coastal zone social relations in the current legislation of Russia and other countries. 1.      Береговой кодекс РФ. Проект общей части / отв. ред. А.   К. Щукин. СПб., 2001. 2.      Боголюбов С.   А. Экологическое право. М., 2009....

... nidamental glands biosyntheses in the innerva cephalopod Sepia officinalis L. // Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 1994. Vol. 108 A, №   1. P. 25—30. 12. Gottfried H., Lusis O. Steroid of invertebrates: the in vitro production of 11-ke­tosterone and other steroids by the eggs of the slug Arion ater rufus (Linn) // Nature. Lonl. 1966. Vol. 212, №   4. P. 488—1   489. 13. Никитина С.   М. Стероидные гормоны у беспозвоночных животных. Л., 1982. 14. Лиознер ...

... hydrological and chemical indicators. Water temperature is a key environmental factor that regulates the phytoplankton production and abundance in the Curonian Lagoon. The greater seasonal rise in water temperatures in 1990-2000, presumably, a consequence of the climate change, alongside with other factors (freshness, slow water flow) creates conditions for cyanobacterial «hyperblooms». Probably, the 1990-2000 climate warming is the cause of the eutrophication of the Curonian Lagoon, which continues despite significant reduction in external ...

... ambiguous and may have both positive and negative consequences. It necessitates the search for effective ways of its regulation (by either endocrine or external influence), which, in some cases (infectious and tumourous disease), aim to strengthen and, in other cases (autoimmune diseases and allergy), to suppress (weaken) the immune processes. The factors affecting the formation of immunological memory are numerous and varied. The steroid hormones are considered the most abundant group of biologically active agents. The influence of these agents on proliferation, differentiation ...