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... rights and freedoms, one of which is the right to a fair trial. In addition, knowledge about judicial activity needs to be systematized and generalized in order to use it most effectively. Judicial activity, as a rule, is considered while a number of other relevant aspects are being studied rather than as an independent category. The research mainly relied on the method of materialistic dialectics as well as the methods of information analysis and synthesis, the formal-legal and comparative-legal methods. The empirical basis of the study was an analysis of the legislation of the ...

The article discusses the major areas of theoretical research by foreign scholars (historians, sociologists, political scientists and other specialists), who are engaged in the study of the history of the Kaliningrad region of the So­viet period and use the category Homo sovieticus (the Soviet man). The first part of the article covers the history of the concept “Soviet people”, ac­ti­vely used by the Soviet researchers ...

... of Securitization in Policy Analysis, which contributed to the formulation of a conclusion about the contradictions that arise between the process of ensuring national security and the need for human security when one has to be sacrificed in favor of the other. Yet another theoretical basis for the article was by A. Maslow’s theory of the hierarchy of needs, which caused an objection from the author of the article to the well-known American researcher over his thesis that the need for security rarely ...

... Democratic Republic newspapers from 1949—1990 the article reveals dominant images of residents of the Kaliningrad region, such as ocean fishing pioneers, builders of a new city on the ruins of Königsberg and keepers of German heritage, particularly the Immanuel Kant's grave and other historical monuments in Kaliningrad. The author of the article describes factors that influenced the representation of the images of the Kaliningrad region’s population as the Soviet people as well as concludes that the images were not constructed ...

... office as independent guarantors of human rights and a citizen in the implementation of individual ORM. Methodologically, research relied on the dialectical method of scientific knowledge, logical, comparative legal methods, as well as observation and other particular methods of studying legal phenomena. The research used doctrinal sources, as well as domestic legislation as the sources of study material. Conceptual proposals were put forward to improve the theory of criminal justice, with the aim of its rational updating, as well as possible ways to ...

... rest­ruc­turing essentially crossed out what was done and marked the onset of a new stage in the development of organized forms of criminal activity. Various ma­nifestations of organized crime, which has always tried to merge with legal forms of economic and other activity, are also considered. Suggestions have been made about the possibility of further limiting the spheres of influence of or­ganized criminal activity.

... works of Abbé de Pradt. The article sees Russophobia as a mechanism for solving French problems. It is also concluded that the image of Russia created in the West was, on the one hand, very stable and based on ingrained stereotypes of perception. On the other hand, this image depended on the political situation. The image of Russia created by Abbé de Pradt turned out to be very elastic, mobile, dependent on the political conjuncture. Abbé de Pradt never had any sympathy for Russia and created openly ...

... of the priority national projects in the Rus­sian Federation is the Demography project, which includes many programs to support mothers and children at both the federal, regional and municipal lev­els; and the comparison of the issue under study in other countries of the world showed that in our country one of the best systems of support of moth­erhood and childhood in the world according to various criteria, at the same time it is constantly expanding and modernizing taking into account changes in society and economy....

... legislation of the Russian Federation on notaries, the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the Civil Procedure Code of the Russian Federa­tion, makes some suggestions for improving the legislation. Notarial certification of transactions is primary among other notarial acts; certification of transactions on the alienation of real estate with the pro­posal of their mandatory notarization require a special approach and research; the paper also focuses on the need for electronic notaries in certifying transac­tions, as well as the digital transactions.

... councils of the Kaliningrad book publishing house and reviews of writers on several versions of the manuscript, the mechanism of using fiction as a tool for the politics of memory is revealed. Comparison of several versions of the manuscript with each other, as well as with the published text of the work, made it possible to reconstruct the original concept of the novel and its changes in the course of editorial changes, comments and self-censorship over the course of eleven years. Having ordered the famous writer S. A. ...

... noted a growing number of fictitious legal construc­tions and relations that complicate the assessment of the legitimacy of the in­dividual’s conduct. 1. Борисов А. М. Псевдоперсоны в римском праве (диалог ... ... закон Курской области от 02.10.2001 г. № 67-ЗКО (в ред. от 31.03.2016 г.). URL: http://rkursk.ru/other/ust.html (дата обращения: 28.05.2016). 6. Зорькин В. Д. Право метамодерна: постановка ...

... basis of competitiveness. For Russia, the so­lution to this problem is most relevant in the view of a wide variety of cities and the impossibility and even danger of using unified approaches to their de­velopment. The large territory of the country, the remoteness of individual cit­ies from each other, their diversity in size, development level, knowledge spe­cialization makes it important to manage the diversification of knowledge. In this study, a science-related approach was used to assess the knowledge gener­ation based on the publication ...

The article analyzes the role of a group of factors related to the determination of Lithuanian, Latvian and Estonian position in relation to each other, as well as to the international processes of European politics of the historical period of 1991–2014 in the formation of their foreign policy. The author establishes that the factor of European integration started to determine the policy of Baltic states towards ...

... fea­tures of different legal systems are analysed. Special attention was paid to the level of systematization of social legislation, its accessibility and the feasibility of its implementation. Legal regulation of social relations is considered against the background of other factors and the links between them. The proposed sys­temic approach to studying social relations at various levels of legal regulation allowed the authors to identify a number of problems and suggest ways of solving them. The article substantiates ...

... region as an example. The in­creased potential conflict around the Russian exclave in the Baltic slows down the convergence of regional interests in the socio-economic sphere with the in­terests of neighboring countries. Intensified relations with other regions of the Russian Federation could make up for the situation. In practice, such intensi­fication is limited in nature, and results in some cooperation benefits in the short and medium term. While the Kaliningrad region is secured geopolitical­ly by the military ...

.... Based on comparative and retrospective analyses, profiling theoretical developments are built, as well as the main methods that make up its methodology. The author concludes that profiling is a complex technique that synthesizes provisions from other sciences, but the synthesis takes place within the framework of the search for a criminal and his intended place of residence. The author also questions the differences between the psychological portrait of a criminal and profiling, the methods used by profiling and ...

... state of society at the moment of its development play an important role. For instance, if selfishness and money as the only conditions for success begin to dominate in society, the available personal capital starts to be used in an anti­social way. The task of sociology, together with other social and human scienc­es, is to identify adverse trends not only in the process of personality for­mation but also in social processes as a whole, in order to timely redirect the creative potential of the individual, his or her social capital ...

... of online investigation measures. The author analyzes the legislation on the investigation measures on the Internet aiming at counteracting extremist. The difference of the operational-search measures "obtaining computer information" from other operational-search measures on the Internet is justified. The research used formal-logical, logical-legal and comparative-legal methodology to study legal norms and to work out the proposals on improving the investigation measures on the Internet when dealing with extremist crimes....

The author analyzes the place and role of parliament in today's trans­forming society and investigates the causes of the crisis of parliamentarism, the confrontation between parliament and government in some countries and in others - the widespread "legitimization" of government policy in the sphere of legal norms. The author has identified the reasons for a decrease in trust to parliaments, which no longer play a decisive role in the division of power, be­ing forced aside ...

... strengthen the cyclical dynamics of regional reproduction and achieve the stronger re­sistance to external fluctuations. Within the model construction the research also proposes the hypothesis about the transfer of the Kitchin cycles’ dynamics from the innovation and technological sphere, respectively, to other subsystems of regional reproduc­tion. Thus, regular crises are explained by a periodic violation of the coherence between subcycles of shorter length (taking into account their phase shift), which is analogous to the acoustic beat effect in the ...

... occurred in the Volga region (22 %), Petrograd (17 %), Moscow (13 %) and the Central Industrial District (12 %). The most active rebel groups were commoners (participated in 52 % of the events), soldiers (45 % of the events) and industrial workers (11 %). The most widespread form of ur­ban riots (pog­roms) was lynching and other forms of spontaneous violence against individ­uals (53 %). Rebels most often put forward the following de­mands: the distri­bution of bread (36 %), anarchist demands (27 %), dissatis­faction with indi­viduals (23 %), the struggle against tsarism ...

... the Fourth industrial revolution (hereafter the STR-4) and by the change in Russia’s geopolitical role in the modern world. The au­thor identifies the main trends as Moscow’s dependence on global geopolitical transformations, growing spatial and other forms of mobility resulted in a de­cline of its population’s reflection. At the same time, the Greater Moscow is being shaped through the integration of Moscow and its ‘periphery’, a gap be­tween the rich and poor is widening, and the phenomenon of a ’Deep Russia’ independent form Moscow is emerging. Such mega-cities ...

... (1905—1972) in foreign historiog­raphy. The research shows that the historian failed to repeat the success of his monograph (1948) on popular uprisings in France before the Fronde, which was well received abroad and provoked long-standing dispute among the his­torians. Other works of Porshnev evoked a much more moderate reaction from foreign colleagues. The paper outlines the main objections expressed by for­eign researchers to the various academic ideas of Porshnev, and provides the reader with general assessment ...

... confessions. Estonia is one of the few countries in the Baltic region where religion has not been a public institution until nowadays, therefore it hasn’t provided access to the financial records of its religious organizations. At the same time, the population of modern Estonia (more than other countries in Northern Europe) is influenced by the processes of secularization. The aim of the study is to confirm this hypothesis using data from economic and mathematical-statistical tools. Analysis of the financial activities of the leading (in ...

... concludes that the sanction factor is hardly affective as the main restrictions are imposed on the offshore oil production sector, which cannot yet be developed effectively due to its high cost. The con­sidered measures do not seriously challenge any other economic areas, allow­ing the joint projects develop at almost the same level. According to the au­thor, the influence of the sanction factor is exaggerated, which means further joint activities of Russia and the EU may have the same prospects.

... the term "economic policies". The author proceeds from the fact that the state acts as a specific economic agent and, being the economic agent, on the one hand has the right to establish formal institutions of the national economics, and on the other hand, it itself is one of the elements of this sector of the global socio-economics system. The article proposes the author’s definition of the economic policies regimes, which is understood as a set of rules, measures, norms to achieve the macro-goal ...

... GRP are linked to the specifics of the regional economic development in different years. The achieved level and structure of the Kaliningrad regional GRP is shown to reflect the post-industrial nature of its economy and are comparable with those of other subjects of the Russian Federation being average in development. A special regional feature is fluctuations in volume and branch structure of the GRP of the Kaliningrad Region, which are more significant than the average for Russia, due to its small size and, most ...

The quality of a defense lawyer’s work depends on the skills, knowledge, profes­sional experience and some other factors, but still the most efficient tool is the range of lawyer’s mandate, and more specifically, the access to collecting the evidence. The article considers the challenges of a lawyer’s work in collect­ing evidence, specific proposals to improve the process of ...

... Informational Science Department of Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal Universi­ty): providing direct educational and educa­tional impact on students (bache­lors, masters, postgraduates); managing research and extending methodologi­cal support; interacting with other departments of lead­ing universities of Rus­sia and the region, as well as cooperating with foreign col­leagues from the universities of Lithuania, Poland, Belarus, Germany, England, USA; cooper­ating with practical departments of the region; managing the Criminal­istics Situology research group under ...

... and constructing an ‘ideal city’ model in Russia and everywhere. Such interdisciplinary research and development teams of the research­ers, tu­tors, students, journalists, grassroots activists and municipal workers have to be formed. It is stated ... ... An ‘ideal city’ project is a model of un­interrupted process of transformation of so­cial, material, informational and other interrelated com­ponents of such city mobile whole. 1. Вернадский В. И. Публицистические ...

... of the Soviet Union and the Baltic economic area. Ex­clavity is the most important geopolitical factor in the life of the region. The dialectic of exclave is in the discretion of not only the obstacles, but also of the development possibilities of the region. An­other major factor is the immediate proximity of the European Union. Through understanding the geopolitical po­tential of development, by comparing various theo­retical and practical solu­tions, the authors search for mechanisms that would allow a ...

... between countries. Only these relations can ensure security and prosperity for the whole world. Unfortunately, Western leaders failed to respond to Vladimir Putin’s proposal and continued to support the dominance policy pursued by their main ally, the US, towards other countries. The article identifies the reasons for the deterioration of relations between Russia and Western countries, which influenced the development of political processes in the world recently. 1. Бжезинский З. Б. Идея сдерживания ...

... economic development of Russian regions. There are different types of assessment – administrative, ranking and scientific ones. Each type of assessment has its own parameters – the subject of assessment, frequency, tools, specific methodology, and others. The authors stress the necessity of a more systemic approach to assessing the socio-economic development of the Russian Federation based on the principles of sustainable development. 1. Социально-экономические показатели ...

... and its very possibility were viewed in conjunction with the principles of sovereignty and the division of power. I conclude that the enlightenment doctrine of general will affected the percep­tion by enlighteners of how the function of control over the constitutionality of laws and other normative legal acts was vested in an authority. 1. Бержель Ж.-Л. Общая теория права. М., 2000. 2. Дидро Д. Собр. соч. : в 10 т. Т. 7 : Статьи из «Энциклопедии». M., 1939. 3. Жакке ...

Nowadays, within Russian scholarship, there is not so much research on the role of regional mass media in conducting public diplomacy. In this context, the article aims at analyzing results of experts’ survey taken in May 2018. Among other things, experts gave their opinions on the levels and forms of communication between mass media of Saratov region and their foreign partners, the way regional and municipal media outlets use the Internet technologies, social networks, and messengers, possible projects to promote information ...

... this article, I set out to highlight the situation of the German ruling elite on the eve of the war. The absence of bright personalities among the country's political estab­lishment, on the one hand, and the lack of unity among the German elite, on the other, were the major causes of the bankruptcy of the Kaiser’s Germany. Social and class conflicts within the German elite, in particular, the tensions between the German bourgeoisie and agrarians rendered it impossible to de­vise coherent domestic ...

... not been effective enough. The use of these mechanisms has not yet led to the achievement of the main goal of the SEZ-based accelerated socio-economic development of the region. The study is of interest for those interested in investment problems in the Kaliningrad Special Economic Zone and other Russian special economic territories. 1. Анализ инвестиционной привлекательности организации / под ред. Д. А. Ендовицкого. М., 2010. 2. Боди З., Кейн А., Маркус ...

... article focuses on reviews published in the “Istoricheskij Vestnik” at the beginning of 20th century. The reviews of this journal performed some functions unusual for a journal — the didactic, educational etc. The study compared the critique in the “Istoricheskij Vestnik” with other scholarly historical journals. 1. Б-я. [Рецензия] // Исторический вестник. 1916. Т. 143, № 1. С. 281—282. Рец. на кн.: Материалы для Гангутской операции. Вып. 1—3. Пг....

... control was the most visible. Along with dismissal of some candidates, there were difficulties during the issuing of voter certificates; voters were not informed of the election day, polling stations were located extremely inconveniently, and so on. On the other hand, the government supported loyal political forces, providing them with financial support and creating 'their own' party blocs. The Novgorod and Pskov deputies elected to the Third State Duma proved to be much more moderate than their predecessors ...

... Igor Simutenkov v. Ministerio de Educacion e Cultura, Case 265/03. ECR [2005] I-2579. 14. Judgment of the Court of 2 March 1999. Nour Eddline El-Yassini v Secretary of State for Home Department. Case C-416/96 («Eddline El-Yassini»). 15. Judgment of the Court of 12 December 1972. International Fruit Company NV and others v Produktschap voor Groenten en Fruit. Joined cases 21 to 24—72. 16. Judgment of the Court of 5 October 1994. Federal Republic of Germany v Council of the European Union. Bananas — Common organization of the markets. Import regime. Case C-280/93....

... provided by using interdisciplinary approach. The author finds that travelers’ notes to be sources of considerable value which substantially widens our knowledge about the state and law of Central Asia. At the same time travelers’ notes presume the personalities of authors, their national and professional affiliation therefore their information must be verified by comparing with other sources. 1. Граменицкий Д. Постановления мусульманского законодательства о дольщиках чайрикарах // Туркестанские ведомости. 1886. № 33. 2. Наливкин ...

... was not able to present a comprehensive environmental part of its Arctic strategy and did not try to update the environmental agenda in the Arctic. Sweden’s Arctic Strategy is aimed at maintaining a policy of sustainable and balanced development in the Arctic region. However, in reality, it requires great efforts and concrete measures not only from Sweden, but also from other participants of international relations. 1. Выступление Владимира Путина на Международном форуме «Арктика — территория диалога» // Международный арктический ...

This article analyses the policy of compulsory procurement of agricultural produce from farmers in the late 1940s — mid-1950s. Currently, the public procurement of the Stalin era is recognised as a forced seizure of grain and other products in rural areas. Based on the materials from the Kaliningrad rural district (the only one, whose procurement structure fund has been preserved by the State archive of the Kaliningrad region), the author traces the forced procurement policies and draws conclusions about the efficiency ...

... the second half of XIX — early XX century. The author provides an analysis of N. Sergeevsky’s treatise on criminal financial sanctions in the XVII century Russia. Special attention is paid to the research works of N. Tagantsev, I. Foynitsky and others. The author analyses the views of the time concerning expropriation and fines, and identifies reasons for the prevailing attitude to criminal penalties of material nature, which was consistently negative. 1. Бернер А. Ф. Учебник уголовного ...

The article describes the current state of agriculture of the Kaliningrad region. The authors compare the production volume of certain types of agricultural products in the Kaliningrad region with those of other Russian regions. Special attention is paid to the livestock and crop production. 1. Об Особой экономической зоне в Калининградской области [Электронный ресурс] : федеральный ...

... the uncertainty, the ban on the use of genetic engineering in agriculture leads to the weakening of the role of legislation as a regulator of public relations. The authors suggest legal solutions to this problem striking a reasonable balance between the interests of business, society and state. 1. Информация о решении ЕСПЧ от 29.06.2010 по делу «Юбер Карон и другие (Hubert Caron and Others) против Франции» (жалоба № 48629/08) // Бюллетень Европейского суда по правам человека. 2011. № 2. 2. Постановление Федерального арбитражного ...

The author explores mutual alimentary obligations of children and parents. There are different forms of financial support including alimony. Alimentary obligation is the most important concept of the Family Code. However, neither the Family Code of the Russian Federation, nor other normative acts contains any legal definition of alimentary obligation. The author defines the concept of alimentary obligation and analyses the difference between the concepts of ‘support’ and ‘alimony’. The article describes the alimentary ...

The Declaration of the Heads of State and Government of June 29, 2012 was the birth of the European Banking Union. It demonstrated considerable and, in some ways, unprecedented support by the member states of the European Union to each other. This move was highly questioned by the public. In addition to eloquent statements about the need to break the adverse interdependence of sovereign risks and risks of the banking sector, this Declaration included two specific legal obligations. ...

This article examines the political, public, and humanitarian initiatives of Jimmy Carter after leaving the White House in 1981. Today, the Ex-President is the oldest politician whose name became a synonym for honesty, integrity, and service to others. 1. Добрынин А. Ф. Сугубо доверительно. Посол в Вашингтоне при шести президентах США (1962—1986 гг.). М., 2008. 2. Золов А. В. США: борьба за мировое ...

... the function of a paradigm in analysing data obtained within a social study, Kuhn considers a paradigm as a key notion at a certain stage of the development of science – that of normal science. It is stressed that, despite differences in approaches, the theories do not contradict but rather complement each other. 1. Mamedov A. K., Rybakova V. V. Scientific problem as a factor of science development // Science and Education: materials of the V international research and practice conference. Vol. 2. Munich, Germany. February 27—28th, 2014. Munich, 2014....