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The author analyses the reception of works and academic ideas of a re­nowned Soviet historian Boris Porshnev (1905—1972) in foreign historiog­raphy. The research shows that the historian failed to repeat the success of his monograph (1948) on popular uprisings in France before the Fronde, which was well ...

... demobilization of officers of the USSR armed forces after the Great Patriotic war in 1945—1948. Six mobilization rounds were carried out to reduce the size of the Armed Forces during this period, and more than 1.3 million officers were dismissed. The original idea was to retain the officers special for their moral and professional qualities, who have no re­strictions on health and age. All demobilized were given remuneration, the necessary documents, and the relocation was paid by the state. Meanwhile, the ...

... both at universal, and the regional level. It repre­sents one of sustainable development goals of the UN (UN SDGs). This arti­cle sees its purpose in the analysis of activity of the international organiza­tions in disaster prevention, development of idea on what the global mecha­nism of such prevention is about, and the role of the international organiza­tions. The research used comparative, analytical and historical analyses. The author states that the international organizations actively participate ...

... экономического союза (ЕАЭС) на постсоветском про­странстве // Экономика. Бизнес. Банки. 2017. № 3. С. 86—95. 21. Freire M. R. The quest for status: how the interplay of power, ideas, and re­gime security shapes Russia’s policy in the post-Soviet space // International Poli­tics. 2019. Vol. 56 (6). P. 795—809. doi: 10.1057/s41311-018-0164-y. 22. Marinov E. Economic Determinants of Regional Integration in Developing Countries ...

... region, this research topic is of certain interest for the Kaliningrad Region to be considered as a regional model of social and natural space. The classical field, economic-geographical and sociological methods used in the work are narrowed down to the idea that the problem of transport accessibility within the frame "center-rural periphery" is interdependent with the residents’ standard of living. The settlements work in an optimal regime when the distance to the administrative and public-business ...

... memoirs and correspondence of contemporaries. The author analyzes the background, organization, funding sources, the nature of the participation of volunteers in hostilities. The study used historical-genetic and historical-comparative methods. The idea of the responsibility of Europeans for the fate of the Greeks appeared in the enlightened circles of Europe long before the Greek Revolution. With the beginning of the uprising on the Peloponnese, it developed into Philhellenic committees, which ...

The article focuses on the book "Utopias of the Age of Enlightenment" by A. V. Chudinov. Analyzing this work, the author reflects on the contradictions and paradoxes of the Enlightenment: the utopian ideals of the Enlightenment, aimed at achieving universal happiness and prosperity, in practice were often associated with terror and violence. 1. Таньшина Н. П. Граф Ж.-Ж. де Селлон: от Женевского Общества мира к Организации Объединенных Наций // Вестник РГГУ. Сер.: Исторические науки. Всеобщая...

In this article, I consider the institution of constitutional control and its development during the Enlightenment. I stress that enlighteners thoroughly disapproved of French parliaments as forerunners of modern bodies of consti­tutional justice and explain why this was the case. In an early modern state, conditions for constitutional control and its very possibility were viewed in conjunction with the principles of sovereignty and the division of power. I conclude that the enlightenment doctrine...

... forensic science, some authors grossly misin­ter­pret its essence and incorrectly classify its objects. When embedded in re­search publications and textbooks, these misconceptions translate into uni­versity graduates and specialists having a distorted idea of this phenome­non. In this connection, we give a more complete definition of forensic iden­tification and demonstrate its essence and significance. 1. Колдин В. Я. Идентификация при производстве криминалистических ...

Studying the features of research by political science into internal migra­tion requires a reassessment of theoretical ideas about the essence of this social phenomenon, which are offered by other paradigms. This way, it becomes pos­sible to consider internal migration as a significant social determinant. In an­alysing theoretical and methodological approaches, I determine ...

The article presents the results of a theoretical study on the substantiation of the levels of value conditionality of political participation. On the basis of the subjective and objective nature of values, the level of normative ideals and that of individual priorities in the conditionality of civic activity and the political participation of young people have been singled out. 1. Баталов Э. Я. Политическая культура России сквозь призму civic culture // Pro et Contra. 2002. Т. 7, № 3. С. 7—22....

... article describes the subjects of legal monitoring in the sphere of Justice of the Peace. The author formulates the definition of the "subject of legal monitoring of the justice of the peace" concept. Based on the analysis of the existing ideas about subjects of legal monitoring and practical experience of monitoring of justice of the peace, the classifications of subjects of legal monitoring of the of justice of the peace are proposed depending on the number of participants and on the ...

This article focuses on the early biography and first intellectual experiments of François Guizot (1787—1874). The analysis reveals the circumstances and events that contributed to the formation of political and philosophical ideas of the French thinker. The article reconstructs the inter-textual connections of Guizot’s biography and political theory. 1. Гизо и его «Записки» // Отечественные записки. 1858. Т. 118, № 5—6. С. 690—713....

This article examines the origins and development of the public history movement in America. Special attention is paid to analysing ideas and approaches dominant at different stages of its development and identifying factors behind changes in major trends. It is shown that pubic history has undergone significant transformations abandoning the idea of professionalising non-academic ...

The article considers the evolution of the structure and form of Eastern Slavic iconostasis as a reflection of the major social and political ideas of their creators in terms of cultural and confessional affinity. The author emphasizes the role of mutual influences during periods of ideological crises. The role of Western Russian innovations in the development of the appearance of Moscow iconostases ...

... conception consisting in using his logical-algebraic and theoretical-probabilistic methods in modelling thought processes. Despite the project’s failure, current developments in computer science and programming have surprisingly confirmed Boole’s ideas on the applicability of rigorous methods of logical calculus in the explication of thought processes. 1. Пушкарский А. Г. Джордж Буль и проблема психологизма в логике // Электронное научное ...

This article considers and offers an overview of Semyon Frank’s sociophilosophical and historiosophical ideas. Special attention is paid to the philosopher’s perception of contemporary history as being fraught with catastrophes and tragedies. It is demonstrated why Frank claimed that the true history of philosophy was that interpreting the concrete expression ...

This article demonstrates how G.D Gurvich combines the ideas of axiology of Neo-Kantianism and phenomenology. The author considers the features of a religious act in G. D. Gurvich’s philosophy and analyses the characteristics of religious experience in the doctrine of auto-theurgy. G. D. Gurvich’s position ...

This article considers the reception of the liberal concept of freedom in Russian conservatism as exemplified by K. N. Leontyev and L. A. Tikhomirov. Reasoning in the framework of Russian philosophical organicism, each philosopher insists on his own approach to analysing social phenomena. It is shown that Leontyev, in line with naturalistic aestheticism, sharply criticises the philistine ideal triumphing through the implementation of the liberal interpretation of freedom. Tikhomirov, under the influence...

This article analyses Fedor Stepun’s idea of social Christianity. The au¬thor identifies the axiological context of the Baden School of Neo-Kantian thought in Stepun’s interpretation of Christian God. The significance of Christian politics in the philosopher’s assessment of socio-political ...

This article analyses Berlin’s negative and positive interpretations of freedom and idea of value pluralism. It is concluded that pluralism of values and liberals’ negative freedom results in the problem of relativism and ‘Hobbes/Berlin dilemma’ — the dilemma between individual and collective reasons. The concepts of freedom ...

In the context of social and philosophical reflection and based on interdisciplinary studies, the article considers megatrends of social development since the development of a producing economy in the world. Following the ideas of V. I. Vernadsky on socionatural development of the world, the author analyses the key megatrends unveiling the contradictory nature of social progress. The development of social life leads to the demise of natural one. The author sug¬gests ways ...

This article considers the response of Russian philosophers abroad to Nietzsche’s philosophy in the pages of the Sovremennye Zapiski journal. The philosopher’s ideas addressed in the journal are identified. The author analyses the significance of Nietzsche’s thoughts on certain Russian philosophers abroad. 1. «Современные записки» (Париж, 1920—1940). Из архива редакции ...

This article considers the political success of the Baltic Popular Fronts in the years of perestroika on the materials of 1989—1990 elections. The author analyses the motives behind the establishment of mass movements and their ideational imperatives, describes the dynamics of changes in the demands of popular fronts, and comes to a conclusion about their significance for the establishment of a multi-party system in the Baltics. 1. Барсенков А. С. Введение в современную российскую историю. 1985—1991...

... idealism, liberalism, and institutionalism. Author shows that Kant’s inclusion in a particular paradigm of international relations cannot be directly done. Otherwise, inevitably it comes to distortion and incorrect interpretation of the texts and ideas of Kant. 1. Алексеева Т. А. Дилеммы безопасности: американский вариант // Полис. 1993. № 6. 2. Изгарская А. А. Факторы умиротворения человечества ...

This paper considers the medieval approach to resolving insolubles developed by T. Bradwardine. The article aims to reconstruct T. Bradwardine’s classification of insolubles and compare certain types identified by Bradwardine with the modern ideas of epistemic paradoxes. 1. Bradwardine T. Insolubilia. P., 2010. 2. Fitch's Paradox of Knowability // The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy. 2009. URL: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/fitch-paradox (дата обращения: 13.12.2012)....

Анализируется взаимосвязь между процессами создания мысленной модели преступления и построения версии. Рассматриваются понятие и виды криминалистических моделей. Излагается авторская позиция по вопросу о соотношении криминалистической версии и криминалистической модели. This article examines the correlation between the process of creating an ideal model of crime and the process of developing a lead. The definition and types of forensic models are considered. The article presents the author’s perspective...

... materials from the archival funds of Kaliningrad kolkhozes. The author considers the influence of campaigns on the mass consciousness of peasants and their social behaviour from the perspective of «everyday history». Special attention is paid to the ideas of rural residents about themselves and the word, and their reaction to major social and political events. The author comes to a conclusion that, in the post-war years, Soviet propaganda was of rather formal nature, which, however, did not downplay ...

... the Prussian revolt, Herkus Monte, according to the “double death” rite dedicated to two gods — Patollo and Potrimps. This rite is typical for the Baltic perception of the other world and is a special case of the common for Indo-European peoples idea of death. 1. Генрих Латвийский. Хроника Ливонии. Л., 1938. 2. Ипатьевская летопись // Полное собрание русских летописей. М., 1962. Т. 2. 3. Петр из Дусбурга....

Анализируется научная проблема типологии мировой юстиции, рассмотрены различные варианты классификаций мировой юстиции и мировых судов. Обосновывается авторская типология мировой юстиции, основанная на структурно-функциональном подходе к исследуемому объекту. Предложенная типология предполагает логическое деление объема понятия «мировая юстиция» по разновидностям признаков, которые присущи отдельным его элементам. Индуктивное объединение единичных национальных моделей в более общие группы позволяет...

This article analyzes the attitude of Marx and Engels to Kant’s philosophical legacy. The author proposes a similarity between Marx’s idea on nature as a substantive implementation of a human being, their reflection and analog, and Kant’s doctrine of the world of phenomena created by the subject from things-in-themselves. The article criticizes the Marxist interpretation of Kant's ...

This article is dedicated to the analysis of the methodological framework of S. L. Frank’s philosophical reflection of culture. The basic principle of the philosopher’s methodology is the idea of “antinomic monodualism”, which interprets the ontological content of culture as a dual unity of the real and divine senses. 1.  Буббайер Ф. С.   Л. Франк. Жизнь и творчество русского философа....

The article focuses on the scientific heritage of Alexander Potebnyа, the central figure in the history of Russian linguistic and philosophical tradition, and Sergey Bulgakov's doctrine of word and language, presented in the work «Philosophy of Name». The comparative analysis reveals the following: a) the key elements of S. Bulgakov’s doctrine historically genetically rooted in A. A. Potebnya's linguistic research; b) the basic difference between the philosophical bases of two concepts (gnoseological...

The article considers the anthropological problems of gender, proceeding from the interaction of natural and spiritual world content. The author reveals the specific character of Vasily Rosanov‘s views on the meaning of sexual relations. 1.  Бердяев Н.   А. О назначении человека. М., 1993. 2.  Бернштам Т.   А. Традиционный праздничный календарь в Поморье во второй половине 19 — начале 20 в. // Этнографические исследования Северо-Запада СССР. Л., 1977. 3.  Водолагин А.   В. Любовь и смерть...

This article is dedicated to P. N. Milyukov's philosophy of history. The ideas of the Russian thinker are analysed in the context of Russian philosophy abroad. The author considers the problems of philosophical bases of history and historical science. 1.      Бицилли П. М. Философия русской ...

This article analyses the conservative retrospective utopia, the main elements of which were autocracy, Orthodoxy, the principle of hierarchy, the supremacy of the rural way of life over the urban one, and the programme of national upbringing. 1. Шишков А.   С. Рассуждение о старом и новом слоге Российского языка // Собрание сочинений и переводов. СПб., 1824. Ч. 2. 2. Киселева Л.   Н. Система взглядов С.   Н. Глинки (1807—1812 гг.) // Ученые записки Тартуского университета. 1981. Вып. 513...

This article analyses the contribution of the famous French writer and public figure Philippe Sollers to the development of Marxism. The author focuses on the crucial ideas of Sollers expressed in the works published in the Tel Quel magazine in the 1970s. 1.  Зонина Л.   А . «Тель Кель» // Краткая литературная энциклопедия. М ., 1972. Т . 7. 2.  Chronologie ...

This article examines the currents of oppositional thought in the second half of the 18th century through the example of the Panin – Fonvizin project. The paper addresses the problem of the project's authorship and analyses the thinkers' ideal of state structure. 1.  Бантыш-Каменский Д.   М. Граф Панин. Б.м., б.г. 2.  Вяземский П. Фон-Визин // Полн. собр. соч.: в 12 т. СПб., 1880. Т. 5. 3.  Гаврюшкин А.   В. Граф Никита Панин. Из истории русской дипломатии XVIII века. М., 1989. 4.  Доклад о управлении...

This article analyses the evolution of aesthetic ideals of baroque as the reflection of changes that took place in social consciousness. The author formulates the content standards of aesthetic ideal of baroque music and focuses on the history of spread of baroque music in East Prussia in the 17th century. 1.  Панофский Э. Галилей: наука и искусство. У истоков классиче­ской нау­ки. М., 1968. 2.  Буркгард Я. Культура Италии в эпоху Возрождения. Смоленск, 2002.

... turned out that students who do not have academic debts in anatomy and Latin have a more pronounced motivation for learning than students with academic debts in these disciplines. It is shown that successful and unsuccessful students have a different idea of the importance of the subjects of the first semester in their future practical activities.

... landscape and recreation area within the ring road impact. Comprehensive analysis resulted in the typology of in­ter­nal areas considering how favorable they can be for further recreation and tou­rism development. The article brings about certain ideas for the further use of Kaliningrad seaside suburbian recreational spaces in the frames of sus­tainable developmenthave. 1. Белоусов В. Н. Градостроительство. Справочник проектировщика. М., ...

The article deals with modern concepts of cultural landscapes in Russian and foreign geography, as well as approaches to the zoning of cultural landscapes. The approaches to landscape-cultural and historical-geographical zoning considered in the article appear to be logical and scientifically substantiated; they give an exhaustive picture of the origin of the cultural landscape, both natural and historical-cultural. However, they do not determine the state of the cultural landscapes of a particular...

This article presents new detailed data on the botanical composition of peat and the structure of peat deposits of the Zehlau raised bog. The authors investigate the history of the ecosystem and provide evidence for the idea that the bog developed through the paludification of a forest area, vast reed vegeta-tion, and rapid succession of different Sphagna communities. The article also focuses on the impact of fires and human activities on the development of the Zehlau ...

... requires new scenarios and ways of functioning of the regional economy. Based on recent regional studies, the author proposes to resume the discussion of alternative strategies for the development of the Kaliningrad region. One of the most promising ideas is the marine economic strategy proposed V. V. Ivchenko. On the basis of this strategy, the author defines various possibilities of establishing an industrial port complex in the region. The main goal of the work is the analysis of the dynamics ...

This article discusses the role of bioaccumulation of solar energy by sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. The authors corroborate the idea that the interaction between solar energy and biosphere play the decisive role in the Earth’s crust formation. 1. Коржинский Д. С. Преувеличение солнечной энергии в энергетике земной коры ...

The specific features of mammals' behaviour in response to external information is determined by innate mechanisms and experience acquired through ontogenesis. The author genetically defines the unstable boundaries of behavioural responses and offers a methodology of research on quantitative animal-habitat interaction. The article emphasises the variability of behavioural parameters in the course of the adaptation of the carnivorous to anthropogenic conditions. 1. Владимирова Э.   Д. Исследование...

The article examines different sources of chemical energy bound in crystals and minerals and its role in metamorphic processes and the Earth's crust formation. The author justifies the idea of the key role of the solar energy in the formation and development of crust. 1.        Белов Н.   В. Геохимические аккумуляторы // Тр. Ин-та кристаллографии АН СССР. 1952. Вып....

The author arrives at a conclusion on the vast biogeographical connections of the Arctic, Atlantic and Pacific faunas in the Phanerozoic faunas on the basis of the comparative analysis of modern and ancient communities of invertebrates and the changes in their habitats. 1.      Беклемишев К. В. Экология и биогеография пелагиали. М., 1969. 2.      Беляев Г. М. Пути формирования глубоководной фауны // Океанология. Биология океана. Биологическая структура океана. М., 1977. Т. 1. С. 205—218...