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This article sets out to justify the updated author’s version of periodization of history of justice of the peace in Russia. The periodization includes four stages covering a time span from the 12th century to the present, is based on unified criteria, and rectifies the existing terminology and chronology. Each stage is a period of time embracing, on the one hand, a combination of political, social, and legal conditions of the development of justice of the peace and, on the other hand, the system...

The author proves that any image formed within political discourse is, in terms of its meaning, a mental object. It is claimed that, within discourse, the image of politics and the institutional practices of its formation are rather of psychological nature as well as that discourse register affects our perception of social ...

This paper examines notions used in studying the phenomenon of lobbying. The authors believe that the notion of lobbying should be distinguished from similar but not equivalent terms – advocacy, governmental relations, public relations and public policy. They suggest defining lobbying as pressure exerted by NGO representatives on central and local governments with the aim of forcing them to take (or not to take) decisions ...

... Russian-Belarusian border within the specified period. The main criteria for the transformation were selected indicators of the tourist flow in general by country, as well as separately by border regions. The author proposes a typology of border regions in terms of their potential for adaptation to crisis conditions and prospects for increasing this potential through the development of natural and nature-oriented tourism.

... formed in vitrifying melts at the glass melting tempera­ture between clusters of different degrees of polymerization, which are formed due to the fact that the elec­tronic configurations of atoms in different chemically bonded states are close in terms of ener­gy and correspond to both low — and high-molecular states of molecular groups in melts. The author proposes the parameters of glass formation, which are determined quanti­tatively, char­acterizing the ability of the atoms of the chemical ...

... and weaknesses. To achieve this objective, an analysis was conducted of Russian and foreign works by specialists from various fields who have studied the center-periphery theory. The essential features of the theory and its transformation over time in terms of theory and methodology were noted. This theory is often regarded as “having stood the test of time.” However, it is important to understand that, like any theory, it has specific applications and limitations. These can logically be identified ...

... municipali­ties in the region with financial and information and communication services, supporting the entrepreneurial infra­structure and infrastructure of e-commerce. The focus is made on identifying differ­ences between urban and ru­ral settlements in terms of involvement in the innova­tion process. An assess­ment of the impact of agglomeration and coastal factors on the diffusion of in­novations at the inter-municipal level is given: from the agglomer­ation center to the periphery and from coastal ...

... the identified species are freshwater inhabitants, less often the brackish-water species, that is due to be associated with the simultaneous influence of the continental runoff and water exchange with the Baltic Sea. The obtained data were analysed in terms of the lithologic description and radiocarbon dating in order to evaluate the environmental conditions in the studied area during the Mid- to Late Holocene (6500—3500 cal yr BP). 1. Александров С.В. Многолетние изменения ...

The study focuses on chlorophyll "a"concentration variability in the South-Eastern part of the Baltic sea in summer 2018. The data of the MODIS radiometer installed on Aqua and Terra satellites were used for the analysis. The average concentration of chlorophyll "a" in the warm period of 2018 (May-August) was 3.8 mg/m3 while the average sea surface temperature was 17.7° С. The Maximum concentration of chlorophyll "a" (8.1 mg/m3) was rec­orded in May. However, the most...

The aim of the article is to analyze the level and frequency of the psycho­pathology prevalence (stress-related disorders) in adolescent girls and women of fertile age and to identify the relationship with contextual factors that ad­versely affect health. The research found that the most important contextual factors affecting psychological health and the prevalence of psychopathologies in adolescent girls and women of fertile age are family environment, the lack of supportive intrafamily relationships...

... progression of the disease, an increase in multiple organ failure. In the remaining cases, the treatment was successful. In the nearest period, 16 patients underwent laparoscopic cholecystecto­my within 1 to 6 months. In the long-term period, at the terms of 13 and 18 months, 2 patients had a recurrence of pancreatitis. They were cured by a course of conservative therapy. At the initial admission, these patients were diagnosed with severe pancreatitis and a long history. 1. Дыньков С. М....

... Pedersen, R., Villumsen, G. Technological Life Cycles: A Regional Cluster Facing Disruption // European Urban and Regional Studies. 2005. Vol. 12, iss. 3. Р. 229—246. 22. Porter M. E. U. S. Competitiveness 2001: Strengths, Vulnerabilities and long term priorities / / Council on competitiveness. Washington, 2001. P. 35—86. 23. Schumpeter, J. A. Business Cycles: A Theoretical, Historical, and Statistical Analysis of the Capitalist Process. N. Y. ; Toronto ; L., 1939. 24. Информатизация ...

The exclave and coastal position of the Kaliningrad region determines the development conditions that differ from other regions, including those of the regional innovation subsystem. The most important and integral part of this subsystem which actually ensures the interaction of its components, is trans­fer of technologies. The main "holders" of technologies in the Kaliningrad re­gion are the universities. Kaliningrad State Technical University performs 37.6 % of the work in the area of...

A review of the skin ultrasound publications shows that this examination is one of the most popular diagnostic procedures in dermatology, cosmetology and oncology. Current research data defined the concept of "ultrasound ana­tomy of the skin", it is noted that an ultrasound examination of healthy skin with modern sensors can visualize three of its layers, appendages of skin and ves­sels of small diameter, located in the dermis and the upper layer of sub­cu­ta­neous fat tissue. The significance...

... markers of intravascular coagulation of the blood, the level of D-dimer, and the viscosity of the blood were made. The study established that the heart wounds are characterized by disturbances of the microcirculatory bed in the nearest post-surgery term. At the same time the maximum changes are revealed for 5—7 post-surgery days when all stud­ied indicators showed some changes of, in particular a coagulative hemostasis system got more activated which was manifested by shortening of blood plas­ma ...

The article presents the results of the photosynthetic pigments content ana­lysis (chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids) in the leaves of one of the most com­mon representatives of the urban herbaceous plants — reed fescue Festu­ca arun­dinacea Schreb., in controlled experimental conditions. The content of pigments in the leaves in one day after treatment with organic compounds sharply decreases compared to three days occurred after treatment with pen­tane, hexane, benzene, as well as mixtures of pentane...

This paper addresses the historical development of the renal failure concept from antiquity to the present. The authors define the term ‘acute renal failure’ and ‘acute kidney injury’. The article presents a classification of these diseases. It is shown that the development of renal failure is associated with a significant increase in age-independent mortality. The main biomarker ...

... Балтийского федерального университета им. И. Канта. Сер.: Естественные и медицинские науки. 2016. № 4. С. 5—16. 17. Wu W. Y., Croen L. A., Shah S. J. et al. Cerebral Palsy in a Term Population: Risk Factors and Neuroimaging Findings // Pediatrics. 2006. Vol. 118. P. 690—697. 18. Surveillance of cerebral palsy in Europe (SCPE). Prevalence and characteristics of children with cerebral palsy in Europe // Dev. Med. Child Neurol....

Histology is the morphological discipline of the basic curriculum, the teaching of this discipline requires careful planning. During lessons students learn to practically apply the received knowledge, and also to classify a particular structure by characteristic details. Perceiving and memorizing information is not enough for full comprehension and reproduction. This can be assisted by schematic sketches both in training, and when testing knowledge. 1. Гистология: схемы, таблицы и ситуационные задачи...

This article is devoted to the western border regions of Russia, which play an important role in terms of history, geopolitics, geoeconomy, culture, and mind­set. Relying on the interpretations of ‘border’, ‘frontier’, and ‘border­lands’, which are traditional for Russian limnology, I outline the geo-concept of ‘wes­tern border regions ...

The authors analyzed the marine sediment core AMK-4474 recovered from the Northwest Atlantic Mid-Ocean Channel levee. Micropaleontological and grain size analyses were applied to study the main features of sedimentation process in this region during the Late Quaternary. It was shown that Late Quaternary sediments of the channel levees were accumulated during the powerful turbidity current with fluctuations signs. About 26 thousand years ago, the pelagic type of sedimentation became predominant in...

In this article, I examine climate change facts relating to study objects of different scales, particularly, the Arctic, which serves as an indicator of global processes taking place across the planet. I track long-term fluctuations in the climatic parameters of the Kaliningrad region. Further, I estimate the rate of temperature change in Kaliningrad and other locations that have weather sta­tions and establish the cause-and-effect relationship in the behavior of various indicators. 1. Алексеев...

... blockade, the Kaliningrad region is increasingly seeking new areas and forms of cooperation with St. Petersburg. In this study, I consider the historical connections between the Kaliningrad region (once, part of East Prussia) and Saint Petersburg in terms of infrastructure, logistics, marketing, production, human resources, recreation, research, and education. I place emphasis on the dependence of the Kaliningrad region on Russia’s ‘hub’ in the Baltic. With a reference to the Framework for ...

In this review, we approach Russian terminology in elastography by discussing elastography technique classifications using terms that take into account the essence of physical patterns underlying various elastography techniques. Elastography techniques used in clinical practice are divided into four groups: strain elastography, transient elastography, point shear wave elastography,...

... blockade, the Kaliningrad region is increasingly seeking new areas and forms of cooperation with St. Petersburg. In this study, I consider the historical connections between the Kaliningrad region (once, part of East Prussia) and Saint Petersburg in terms of infrastructure, logistics, marketing, production, human resources, recreation, research, and education. I place emphasis on the dependence of the Kaliningrad region on Russia’s ‘hub’ in the Baltic. With a reference to the Framework for ...

... employing other development resources, it is logical for the municipalities to run projects taking advantage of the coastal factor. In this work, we set out to examine how the coastal municipalities of the region plan to benefit from the coastal factor in terms of socio-economic devel­opment. From our analysis of strategic documents and programmes of region­al municipalities, we conclude that the most diversified approach to the coastal factor is employed in the Kaliningrad and Svetly city districts....

... diurnal SST cycle in the North and Baltic Seas // J. Geophys. Res. Oceans. 2013. № 118. P. 4488—4503. 14. Leppranta M., Myrberg K. Physical oceanography of the Baltic Sea. Springer, 2009. 15. Mingelaite T., Rukseniene V., Dailidiene I. Long and Short Term Variability of the Main Physical Parameters in the Coastal Area of the SE Baltic Proper. // EGU GeneralAssembly 2015. held 12—17 April. 2015 in Vienna, Austria. Vienna, 2015. 16. Woods J. D. Do waves limit turbulent diffusion in the ocean? // Nature....

The development of the architectural and urban planning policy in the Kaliningrad region requires the elaboration of a long-term strategy based on the principles of sustainable development. This strategy aims at creating a favourable living environment and achieving a balance of economic, social and environmental interests. Градостроительный кодекс РФ от 29 декабря 2004 г. № 190-ФЗ (ред. от 27.06.2019 ; с изм. и доп., вступ. в силу с 01.07.2019). Доступ из справ.-правовой системы «КонсультантПлюс»...

In this article, we study the degree of dependence of heart rate variability in healthy adolescents and young adults on the average rhythm frequency. In the study group, heart rate variability decreased as heart rate grew. Although there was no difference in the increase in the heart rate, the variability of the heart rate decreased less significantly in young women than in young men. An increase in the average heart rate by 10 cardiac cycles per minute reduced the heart rate variability by 25.6...

The problem we address in this paper is how the meanings of terms de­noting various liver elastography methods are understood when translated in­to Russian. We provide an overview of various elastography methods and their physical principles in order to give a better understand specific terms. The goal of this ...

... period from the middle of the XIX century up to 1926. The first general census of the Russian Empire (1897) has been chosen as an interim date for the analysis of dynamic processes. The study revealed differences between provinces of the Pskov region in terms of population and key characteristics of rural settlement. 1. Алфавитный список селений по уездам и станам С.-Петербургской губернии. Губернский статистический ...

The method of ground shores monitoring includes a set of activities on local sites with reference to a network of reference benchmarks. The greatest amount of information is given by the data of the transverse shore leveling. The combination of a number of different profiles allows one to obtain speed and direction quantitative characteristics of the coastal processes at a particular morphodynamic site over a specific time interval. It is important to have a reasonable choice of a marker, i. e. an...

In this article, we present an assessment of the quality of life in patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease, receiving replacement therapy by he­modialysis. We give definitions of hemodialysis, chronic kidney disease, the mental component of health, and the physical component of health. The aim of this work is to evaluate the quality of life indicators in patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease, undergoing hemodialysis. The objective of the study is to identify the relationship between...

This article analyses the post-harvest agroclimatic resources based on the buckwheat productivity in Ukraine in changing climate conditions. The au¬thor performed calculations to obtain information on the agroclimatic conditions of the formation of four agroecological productivity categories for long-term annual average data (1986—2005) based on a climate change scenario for 2011—2030. The calculations made it possible to identify the areas of possible and economically feasible cultivation of buckwheat...

The author uses the notion of residual risk for the assessment of myocardial infarction (MI). In the acute phase of myocardial infarction, the majority of patients have remodelling of the myocardium with a predominant combination of cavity dilatation and hypertrophic left ventricle. One third of patients having endothelial dysfunction have remodelling of the myocardium. It explains a greater frequency of angina pectoris and the development of heart failure symptoms. Persistent remodelling is associated...

The authors evaluated the effectiveness of a complex conservative therapy in childless women of reproductive age having atypical endometrial hyperplasia and well-differentiated endometrial carcinoma. The study examines the effectiveness of combining the gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH) and the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system. All patients had immunohistochemical staining for ER, PR, ki-67, bcl-2, p 53, E-cadherin before and after treatment. From 2008 to 2015, none of the...

The author studies pain relief effect of flupirtine in patients with diabetic polyneuritis. In the conducted study, 112 patients were treated with flupirtine: 102 (91.1 %) men and 9 (8.9 %) women. All patients had diabetes with clinical manifestations of sensorimotor polyneuropathy accompanied by pain. The author proves that flupirtine can be successfully used for pain relief as part of a complex therapy in both inpatient and outpatient departments. 1. Левин О. С. Полиневропатии : клиническое руководство...

The authors present the results of a study proving a direct effect of GM-CSF and Epo on the functional activity and activation status of T-cells in varying degrees of differentiation. The obtained data demonstrate immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory properties of Epo and CSF-GM. The study shows the direct impact of hematopoietins on the T-cells functional activity in hematopoietic immunoregulation. 1. Гончаров А. Г., Шмаров В. А., Малащенко В. В. и др. Прямое влияние гемопоэтинов на функциональную...

... геологических и эколого-геологических карт российского сектора Балтийского моря / гл. ред. О. В. Петров. СПб., 2010. 24. Wentworth C. K. A scale of grade and class terms for clastic sediments //J. Geology. 1922. Vol. 30. P. 377—392. 25. Krumbein W. C. Size frequency distribution of sediments // J. Sediment. Petrol.1934. Vol. 4. P. 65—77. 26. Folk R. L., Ward W. C. Brazos River bar: a study in the significance ...

This article provides a detailed definition of the concept of ‘territory capacity’ and its role in the integral management of coastal zones. The term ‘coastal territory’ and its management are considered from the perspective of the Russian and several foreign legislations. Special attention is paid to the concept of sustainable development and the need to apply its key provisions in strategic ...

... entrepreneurial structure’s economic activity under the conditions of geographic broadening of the network interaction scope. The author offers methods of town selection in the process of planning and development of network entrepreneurial structures in terms of locating new retail outlets of chain stores. Болычев О. Н. Этапы развития и стратегическое планирование торговой сети «Вестер» // Актуальные исследования ...

... exception of the Big-leaved Lupine (Lupinus polyphyllus (L)). The concentration of watersoluble antioxidants varied more widely in the Fabaceae than in the Gramíneae, whose antioxidant pool was more stable and less dependent on the growth conditions in terms of the distance to the Baltic Sea coast. 1. Панасин В. И., Кремлев Е. П., Калиниченко Л. А., Кириличева М. А. Экология и профилактика минеральной и витаминной ...

This article argues that, in the estuaries the South Baltic, the bivalve molluscs Mya arenaria are capable of consuming an average of 6.5 % of the water body primary production. A numerical assessment of the filtration rate of these molluscs shows that they can filter daily an average of 2.41 ± 1.01 m3 of water per a square meter of the river bed. During the vegetation season, molluscs can clear approximately 380 m3 of water in estuaries removing up to 558.9 ± 65.7 g of suspended organic matters...

.... 12. Чернов А. В. География и геоэкологическое состояние русел и пойм рек Северной Евразии. М., 2009. 13. Gundlash E. R., Hayes M. O. Classification of costal environments in terms of potential vulnerability to oil spill damage // Marine technology society journal. 1978. Vol. 12, № 4. P. 18—27.

This paper describes the conceptual and terminological framework, methodology and criteria of environmental zoning. The author analyses the methods of assessment of environmental condition of urban areas. 1. Алексеенко В. А. Геохимия ландшафта и окружающая среда. М., 1990. 2. Богданов Н. А. Экологическое зонирование: научно-методические приемы (Астраханская область). М., 2005. 3. Буреинков Э. К., Гинсбург Л. И., Грибанова Н. К. Комплексная эколого-геохимическая оценка техногенного загрязнения...

This article focuses on the results of many years’ research on phytoplankton production and chlorophyll concentration in estuaries of different types (the Vistula and Curonian Lagoons, and the Volga delta). A comparison with hydrological and chemical parameters helped identify the main factors determining the level of primary production and eutrophication. The productivity of an ecosystem is determined primarily by river runoff in the Volga delta, while in the Vistula Lagoon and Curonian Lagoon by...

... «Экологизация автомобильного транспорта», МАНЭБ. СПб ., 2003. C . 83—88. URL: http://www. ecotrans.spb.ru/stati/pochva.doc 13.   Химическое загрязнение почвы . URL: http://www.businessvoc. ru/bv/Term ­Win.asp?the­me=&word_id=28151

This article offers information on the condition of motorways in the Smolensk region. The condition of local roads is considered in relation to the particle size structure of covering rocks. The authors conducted an analysis of performance characteristics of road surfaces within different natural complexes and identified certain patterns in road damage depending on the local lithogenic conditions. 1. Экструдированный пенополистирол термоплэкс. URL: www.termoplex.ru 2. Автомобильные дороги : СНиП...

The article analyses the seasonal dynamics of zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha Pallas), larva length composition and juvenile recruitment in perennial natural colonies in the Prybrezhny Querry (the Kaliningrad region). In 2002, zebra mussel larvae were found in plankton from the second part of July till the end of August. The peaks of abundance were registered in the middle of July and in the beginning of August. The larvae accounted for 33% of the total zooplankton abundance. The size of larvae...

... анализа транс­граничного сотрудничества // Вестник Российского государственного универ­ситета им. И . Канта . 2007. №   7. С. 92—97. 3.  A VASAB Long Term Perspective for the spatial development of the BSR — Proposal for character, structure and overall objective/ Ministry of Enterprise, En­ergy and Communications. URL: http://www.vasab.org. 4.  Hague C. European Territorial Research Community ...