Search
Submit an article
Slovo.ru: Baltic accent

2021 Vol. 12 №3

Back to the list Download the article
Naiditch L. E. Pavlova A. V.

“Čut’ živye, v noč’ osennjuju / My s ochoty vozv­ra­ščaemsja…” Secondary predicate in Nekrasov’s poetic texts

DOI
10.5922/2225-5346-2021-3-6
Pages
84-108
predicative attribute small clause secondary predicate style and grammar of poetry Nikolaj Nekrasov

Abstract

The main aim of the article is to examine the grammatical and stylistic functions of the predicative attribute in the poetic work of Nekrasov. The study contributes to the general ‘grammar of poetry’, which has been proposed and developed by Roman Jakobson. The study shows that Nekrasov often used the predicative attribute and it constitutes one of the specific features of his style. Grammatically extended adjectival, participial and adverbial phrases, frequent in Nekrasov’s poetry, cause additional predication, which makes it possible to expand the narrative. The predicative attribute often combines the functions of an attribute with those of the adverbial modifiers of cause and consequence, which gives additional impetus to the narrative plot development. The analysis shows that Nekrasov’s style is characterized by nu­merous long repetitions of functionally similar grammatical elements, taking several lines. These repetitions often set the rhythm and determine the folklore character of his poems. Аttributive chains, paired formulas, synonymization of lexemes in chains, repetitions, in­strumental case in the meaning of comparison and metamorphosis can be found in classical pre-Nakrasov poetry as well. In Nekrasov’s poems these features appear in a concentrated, condensed form; they can be considered only against the background of his work as a whole.

Reference

Akimova, M. V., 2017. The tradition of studying Russian syntax: B. I. Yarkho and M. L. Gasparov. Trudy Instituta russkogo yazyka [Papers of the Institute for Russian lan­guage], 14, pp. 89—112 (in Russ.).

Apresyan, Yu. D., 1995. Izbrannye trudy. Tom II. Integral'noe opisanie yazyka i sis­temnaya leksikografiya [Selected writings. Volume II. Integral Language Description and Systematic Lexicography]. Moscow (in Russ.).

Bogatyrev, P. G., 1971. Voprosy teorii narodnogo iskusstva [Problems of folk art the­ory.]. Мoscow (in Russ.).

Bukhshtab, B. Ya., 1989. N. A. Nekrasov. Problemy tvorchestva [N. A. Nekrasov. Problems of his work]. Leningrad (in Russ.).

Chukovskii, K. I., 1926. Nekrasov. Stat'i i materialy [Nekrasov. Papers and materi­als]. Leningrad (in Russ.).

Chukovskii, K. I., 2005. Masterstvo Nekrasova [Nekrasov’s mastery], Vol. 10. Mos­cow (in Russ.).

Eikhenbaum, B. М., 1986. О proze. О poezii. Sbornik statei [About prose. About poe­try. Collection of articles]. Leningrad (in Russ.).

Eikhenbaum, B. М., 1923. Anna Akhmatova. Opyt analiza [Anna Akhmatova. At­tempt of an analysis]. St. Peterburg (in Russ.).

Eikhenbaum, B. М., 1927. Nekrasov. In: B. М. Eikhenbaum ed. Literatura: Teoriya. Kritika. Polemika [Literature: Theory, Critics, Polemics]. Leningrad. pp. 110—115 (in Russ.).

Evgen'ev-Maksimov, V. Е., 1956. Nekrasov. In: Istoriya russkoi literatury v desyati to­makh [History of Russian literature in 10 volumes]. Moscow; Leningrad, pp. 56—160 (in Russ.).

Gasparov, М. L., 1995. Izbrannye stat'i [Selected papers]. Moscow (in Russ.).

Gasparov, М. L., Skulacheva, Т. V., 2004. Stat'i o lingvistike stikha [On the linguis­tics of verse]. Moscow (in Russ.).

Gin, М. М., 1971. Ot fakta k obrazu i syuzhetu: o poezii N. A. Nekrasova [From fact to image and plot: on Nekrasov's poetry]. Moscow (in Russ.).

Ginzburg, L. Ya., 1974. O lirike [About lyrics]. Leningrad (in Russ.).

Himmelmann, N. P., Schultze-Berndt, E. F., 2005. Secondary Predication and Adver­bial Modification. The Typology of Depictives. Oxford University Press.

Jakobson R., 1936. Na okraj lyrických básní Puškinových. In: A. Bern, R. Jakob­son eds. Vybrane spisy A. S. Puškina. Prague, pp. 259—267.

Jakobson, R., 1975. Linguistics and poetics. In: E. Ya. Basin, М. Ya. Polyakova eds. Struk­turalizm: “za” i “protiv” [Structuralism: “pro” and “contra”]. Moscow, pp. 193—230 (in Russ.).

Jakobson, R., 1983. The poetry of grammar and the grammar of poetry. In: Yu. S. Ste­panov ed. Semiotica [Semiotics]. Moscow, pp. 462—482 (in Russ.).

Jakobson, R., 1987. Marginal Notes on Puskin's Lyric Poetry. In: M. L. Gasparov ed. Raboty po poetike [Works on poetics]. Moscow, pp. 213—218 (in Russ.).

Jakobson, R., 1996. Two aspects of language and two types of aphasic disturban­ces. In: Yazyk i bessoznatel'noe [Language and the unconscious]. Moscow, pp. 27—53 (in Russ.).

Korman, B. O., 1978. Lirika Nekrasova [Lyrics of Nekrasov]. Izhevsk (in Russ.).

Kovtunova, I. I., 1986. Poeticheskii sintaksis [Syntax of poetry]. Moscow (in Russ.).

Kruglova, A., Smirnova, O., Skulacheva, T., 2019. Syntax and Pauses in a Verse Line: Statistical Analysis. In: P. Plecháč et al. eds. Quantitative approaches to versi­fi­ca­tion. Prague, pp. 113—124.

Kustova, G. I., 2017. Adjectives in the text as reduced predication. In: A. B. Bon­dar­ko, V. V. Kazakovskaya eds. Problemy funktsional'noi grammatiki. Predikativnye kate­go­rii v vyskazyvanii i tselostnom tekste [Problems of functional grammar. Predicative ca­tegories in utterance and whole text]. Moscow, pp. 224—246 (in Russ.).

Naiditsch, L., Pavlova, A., 2018. Prädikatives Attribut. Eine Vergleichsstudie für Deutsch und Russisch. Berlin: Frank & Timme.

Naidich, L. E., Pavlova, A. V., 2019a. The magic of pairing (on the material of Russian poetry). In: Emotsional'naya sfera cheloveka v yazyke i kommunikatsii: sinkhroniya i diakhroniya. Materialy mezhdunarodnoi konferentsii RAN [The emotional sphere of a per­son in language and communication: synchrony and diachrony. Materials of the international conference of Russian Academy of sciences]. Mosсow, pp. 120—133. Available at: https://iling-ran.ru/web/sites/default/files/conferences/2019/2019_emotional_domain_collection.pdf [Accessed: 8 March 2021] (in Russ.).

Naidich, L. E., Pavlova, A. V., 2019b. Predicative attributes with resultant mean­ing in German and Russian. In: N. L. Sukhachev ed. Balkanistika. Altaistika. Obshchee yazykoznanie. Pamyati Al'biny Khakimovny Girfanovoi (1957—2018) [Balkan Area — Al­taic Studies — General Linguistics. In Memoriam Albina H. Girfanova (1957—2018)]. St. Petersburg, pp. 546—571 (in Russ.).

Naidich, L. E., Pavlova, A. V., 2019c. The instrumental case as a predicate attrib­ute. On the material of Russian poetry. In: L. V. Zlydneva et al. eds. O semiotike yazyka i ee issledovatele: pamyati Margarity Ivanovny Lekomtsevoi [On semiotics of language and its researcher: In memory of Margarita Ivanovna Lekomtseva]. Tartu, pp. 160—218 (in Russ.).

Naidich, L. E., Pavlova, A. V., 2021. “I stikh uzhe zvuchit, zadoren, nezhen…” Predika­tivnyi atribut v russkoi poezii [“And the verse is already sounding, perky, tender...” Pre­dicative attribute in Russian poetry]. Moscow (in press) (in Russ.).

Nekrasovskie sborniki 1951—2019 [Studies on Nekrasov 1951—2019], Vol. I—XVI, XV—XVI. Moscow; Leningrad (St. Petersburg); Bryansk (in Russ.).

Nichols, J., 1984. The case variants of predicative names and their reflection in Russian grammar. In: Novoe v zarubezhnoi lingvistike [New researches in Foreign Rus­sian Studies]. Мoscow, pp. 342—386. Available at: https://classes.ru/grammar/158.new-inlinguistics-15/source/worddocuments/_18.htm [Accessed: 06 March 2021] (in Russ.).

Patroeva, N. V., 2005. Tipy i funktsii oslozhnyayushchikh konstruktsii v yazyke poezii XVIII—XIX vekov [Types and functions of complicating constructions in the language of poetry XVIII—XIX centuries]. PhD thesis. St. Petersburg (in Russ.).

Paul, H., 1920. Prinzipien der Sprachgeschichte. 5th ed. Halle: Niemeyer.

Potebnya, A. A., 1958. Iz zapisok po russkoi grammatike [Notes on Russian gram­mar]. Moscow (in Russ.).

Prokhorov, А. V., Skulacheva, Т. V., 2009. Slavyanskii stikh. Tom VIII. Stikh, yazyk, smysl. [Slavic verse. Vol. 8. Verse, language, thought]. Moscow (in Russ.).

Revzina, О. G., 2002. Riddles of a poetic text. In: Kommunikativno-smyslovye para­metry grammatiki i teksta [Communicative and semantic parameters of grammar and text]. Moscow, pp. 418—433 (in Russ.).

Shakhmatov A. A., 1941. Sintaksis russkogo yazyka [Russian syntax]. 2nd ed. Mos­cow (in Russ.).

Skulacheva, Т. V., 1989. Vzaimodeistvie ritma i sintaksisa v stikhotvornoi stroke [The interaction of rhythm and syntax in the poem line]. PhD Dissertation. Moscow (in Russ.).

Tynyanov, Yu. N., 1929. Arkhaisty i novatory [Archaists and innovators]. Lenin­grad (in Russ.).

Tynyanov, Yu. N., 1977. Nekrasov’s verse forms. In: Poetika. Istoriya literatury. Ki­no [Poetics. History of literature. Film]. Moscow. pp. 18—27 (in Russ.).

Veselovskii, А.N, 1940. Istoricheskaya poetika [Historical poetics]. Leningrad (in Russ.).

Vinokur, G. О., 1990. Filologicheskie issledovaniya [Philological Research]. Moscow (in Russ.).

Zolyan, S. Т., 2009. Jakobson and Vinogradov about the poetical function of lan­guage. Voprosy yazykoznaniya [Topics in the study of language], 1, pp. 3—8 (in Russ.).