Natural and medical sciences

The article deals with modern concepts of cultural landscapes in Russian and foreign geography, as well as approaches to the zoning of cultural landscapes. The approaches to landscape-cultural and historical-geographical zoning considered in the article appear to be logical and scientifically substantiated; they give an exhaustive picture of the origin of the cultural landscape, both natural and historical-cultural. However, they do not determine the state of the cultural landscapes of a particular territory, because, depending on their development trend, cultural landscapes can remain stable or completely disappear. A technique is proposed for determining the degree of socio-economic background of modern landscape development. The latter defines the landscape development trend, whether it comes to their stability or disappearance.

The mechanism of the local (or small) the cross-border movement is a form of cross-border cooperation. On the border between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Poland this mechanism worked from 2012 to 2016, and provided for a significant intensification of mutual border-crossing. In this case the suspension of the local border traffic regime on the Polish side, as well as the regime itself, caused a mixed reaction among both Polish and Russian regional experts and specialists. The article provides the analysis of the mutual intensity of the Russian-Polish border crossing in the period from 2002 to 2016. The author analyzes the contribution made by the cross-border movement mechanism to the development of relations between the border regions of the neighboring countries. The article concludes that in spite of shortcomings and negative effects for both countries, the mechanism of the mechanism of local border traffic in 2015, launched in 2012, became an important development tool for socio-cultural and business contacts between Kaliningrad and the neighboring province of the Republic of Poland. Rejection of this instrument seriously affected the intensity of the local contacts between the regions located on both sides of the border.

The article applies the spatial-dynamic approach to carry out an analysis of the rural settlement in the Pskov region in the provincial time. The study covers the period from the middle of the XIX century up to 1926. The first general census of the Russian Empire (1897) has been chosen as an interim date for the analysis of dynamic processes. The study revealed differences between provinces of the Pskov region in terms of population and key characteristics of rural settlement.

The development of international tourism in the world today has a special and very important role. It has often been noted that it influences the overall economic growth as well as social, cultural, educational well-being of each particular country. In this regard the new approaches in the tourism management become significant. Particular attention is paid to the promotion of cross-border tourism clusters that encourage mutual integration of the neighboring countries. Territory branding in this regard gains new perspectives for implementation.

The article investigates properties of micro- and macrofouling in periphyton communities of algae and bacteria in the Vislinskiaya lagoon and the open coastal space of the South Baltic as well as their taxonomic composition. The authors reveal fouling indifference of the nature of the substrates and Ulva dominance in polluted water conditions. The ecological status of the studied coastal marine communities is assessed in accordance with the diversity of species. Succession of communities of bacteria and microalgae in the initial stages microfouling is confirmed.

Evaluation of liver volume is of great importance in the management of certain liver diseases and systemic disorders involving the liver. With the development of innovative technologies for the partial liver resection and transplantation lifetime assessment of liver volume is of great interest. The volume of the liver is a sensitive indicator for ectopic fat deposition and metabolic syndrome in obesity. Manual assessment of liver volume using percussion and palpation methods has disadvantages associated with the reliability and accuracy of the study, particularly in obese patients. Using formulas based on anthropometric measurements, it is possible to calculate the estimated size of a normal liver. Accurate non-invasive assessment of liver volume of the individual can be performed using imaging techniques. This article describes methods to measure the liver volume using imaging techniques of various modalities (CT, MRI, ultrasound). Ultrasonography is a simple, affordable and reliable tool for the structure and size of the liver estimates using formulas for calculating the volume of the liver.

In patients with acute coronary syndrome, hyperglycemia is observed, which is represented by elevated fasting plasma glycemia and glycated hemoglobin levels. It was found that an increase in the level of glycated hemoglobin was accompanied by an increase in the level of triglycerides, total serum cholesterol. At the same time, glycated hemoglobin correlated especially with the parameters of fat metabolism — total serum cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins and triglycerides. At the same time, the level of glycated hemoglobin mainly stayed in the values of 7—8 %, which corresponded to the figures of systolic blood pressure of 140—160 mm Hg; and a body mass index of 30 kg / m2, total blood serum cholesterol 6.0—6.5 mmol / l and an ejection fraction of 30—40 %. The article concluded that developing hyperglycemia in patients with ACS is associated with both risk factors of ACS, and with the manifestation and prognosis of this pathology.