NONE20260530015418194Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal Universityno-reply@journals.kantiana.ruImmanuel Kant Baltic Federal UniversitySlovo.ru: Baltic accent2225-53462686-898905302026143N.M.AzarovaS.J.BochaverK.M.Korchagin05302026611Неперевод и перевод у Хайдеггера, Лосева и Ортеги-и-ГассетаN.M.AzarovaInstitute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of SciencesThe article examines the ideas of Heidegger, Losev, and Ortega y Gasset regarding the possibility and necessity of translating philosophical texts. The concept of non-translation is an acknowledgment of the impossibility of adequately reproducing a philosophical text in another language while preserving its integrity. Particularly interesting for comparison are the concepts and practices of translation/non-translation found in works written during the same period (1920—1940s), which reveal numerous points of contact. All three philosophers reject conventional translation, proposing instead to consider ordinary words as philosophical terms. Despite the fact that such an approach may make the text appear contradictory to familiar norms, the philosophers insist on the necessity of violating convention. The opposition of translation vs non-translation is related to the multilingual nature of the text, as well as to the problem of language hierarchy and the attitude towards translating others' and one's own texts. Losev and Heidegger employ the technique of retrospective translation, which involves etymologizing or contextualizing texts that are older than the translated text. Etymologization (alongside commentary) is seen as a way to transfer ideas into a different cultural system, and Ortega y Gasset refers to humans as “etymological animals”. In Losev's interpretive translation, foreign translations or translations into other languages are viewed as interpretations and become objects of study. While Heidegger repeatedly criticizes the understanding of language as communication, and Ortega y Gasset takes a fundamentally anti-communicative position, Losev, on the contrary, emphasizes communication. Losev and Heidegger operate with the concept of clarity: the former consistently strives for maximum clarity by using apophatic techniques to eliminate irrelevant interpretations of meanings, but clarity is more of a propaedeutic task; the latter does not aim for clarity but utilizes the technique of infinite clarification. Both approaches raise the question of whether the criterion of scientificity is applicable to the translation of philosophical texts.05302026122510.5922/2225-5346-2023-3-1https://journals.kantiana.ru/slovo/5365/42526/Azarova, N. M., 2010. Yazyk filosofii i yazyk poezii — dvizhenie navstrechu (grammatika, leksika, tekst) [The language of philosophy and the language of poetry — a movement towards]. Moscow (in Russ.).Azarova, N. M., 2021. Du Fu’s poetry and strategies of modern translation of poetry. In: Du Fu. Proekt Natalii Azarovoi [Du Fu. Natalia Azarova’s project]. Moscow (in Russ.).Benjamin, W., 2000. The task of a translator (1923). In: W. Benjamin, ed. Ozareniya [Insights]. Moscow, pp. 46—57 (in Russ.).Bibikhin, V. V., 2016. Aleksei Fedorovich Losev. Sergey Sergeevich Averintsev. Moscow (in Russ.).De Gennaro, I., 2000. Heidegger on Translation — Translating Heidegger. Phänomenologische Forschungen, 5 (1), pp. 3—22.Fokin, S. M., 2011. Translation as a failure of Russian philosophy: Shestov, Bakhtin, Podoroga… Pushkin. Logos, 5—6 (84), pp. 212—236 (in Russ.).Groth, M., 2017. Translating Heidegger. Toronto.Heidegger, M., 1950a. Der Ursprung des Kunstwerkes (1935/36). In: M. Heidegger, ed. Holzwege. Frankfurt a/M, pp. 1—74.Heidegger, M., 1950b. Der Spruch des Anaximander (1946). In: M. Heidegger, ed. Holzwege. Frankfurt a/M, pp. 321—373.Heidegger, M., 1976. Einleitung zu «Was ist Metaphysik». In: M. Heidegger, ed. Gesamtausgabe. I. Abteilung: Veröffentlichte Schriften 1914—1970. Vol. 9. Wegmarken. Frankfurt a/M.Heidegger, M., 1984. Hölderlins Hymne «Der Ister». In: M. Heidegger, ed. Gesamtausgabe. II: Vorlesungen 1923—1944. Vol. 53. Frankfurt a/M.Losev, A. F., 1999. Samoe samo [Selfish selfhood]. Moscow (in Russ.).Maly, K., 2000. Translating Heidegger’s Works into English: The History and the Possibility. Heidegger Studies, 16. Being-historical Thinking and Fundamental Ontology: Greek Tradition in and beyond Modern Physics, pp. 115—138.Moore, M. A., 2016. Heidegger’s Attentiveness to Language: A Question of Translation and «Original Contents». Annandale-on-Hudson.Ortega Arjonilla, E., 1998. El legado de Ortega y Gasset a la teoría de la traducción en España. In: La traducción en torno al 98. Madrid, pp. 101—116.Ortega y Gasset, J., 1952. Prologo. In: Ibn Ḥazm, ed. El collar de la paloma. Tratado sobre el amor y los amantes. Madrid.Ortega y Gasset, J., 2016. El hombre y la gente. Madrid.Перевод как путешествие по возможным и невозможным мирамV.Z.DemyankovInstitute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of SciencesIn this paper, translation is examined from the perspective of the semantics of possible worlds. The consequences of this viewpoint are explored, particularly in relation to the metaphor of traveling through possible and impossible worlds in translation practice. Special attention is given to cases where there are disparities between the world of the original text and the world of the translated text. For example, in the case of French subjunctive forms, which are grammatically mandatory in the original language, they often need to be replaced with indicative forms in the target language, such as Russian. Externally, this transformation appears as a change from expressing a possibility in one world to making a statement about the actual world. Various techniques for transforming French inserts in the original Russian text (in Leo Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace") are analyzed and compared with the actual French translation found in a French edition of the same text by a Francophone translator. The study demonstrates that the concept of language translatability does not align completely with the concept of text translatability, as the latter is influenced by various external and internal factors related to cultural contexts, traditions, trends, and more. Viewing text translation as a journey through worlds also involves elements from the real worlds that belong to the original author, the translator, and the recipients of the translated text within their socio-cultural contexts.05302026263910.5922/2225-5346-2023-3-2https://journals.kantiana.ru/slovo/5365/42528/Allen, E. and Bernofsky, S., 2013. Introduction: A culture of translation. In: E. Allen and S. Bernofsky, eds. In Translation: Translators on Their Work and What It Means. New York, pp. 13—23.Apter, E., 2013. Against world literature: On the politics of untranslatability. London; New York.Bell, R. T., 1991. Translation and translating: Theory and practice. London; New York.Code, L., 1980. Language and knowledge. Word, 31 (3), pp. 245—258.Cole, P., 2013. Making sense in translation: Toward an ethics of the art. In: E. Allen and S. Bernofsky, eds. In Translation: Translators on Their Work and What It Means. New York, pp. 3—16.Delisle, J., 1984. L’analyse du discours comme méthode de traduction: Initiation à la traduction française de textes pragmatiques anglais: Théorie et pratique. Ottawa.Demyankov, V. Z., 2006. Can one measure narrative dynamics? In: N. A. Fateeva, ed. Khudozhestvennyi tekst kak dinamicheskaya sistema [Fictional text as a dynamic system]. Moscow, pp. 118—123 (in Russ.).Demyankov, V. Z., 2021. On possibility in logic and in cognitive semantics. 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Oxford et al.Kienpointner, M., 1998. Sprachsystem, Sprachnorm, Sprachgebrauch und Weltbild: Eine Auseinandersetzung mit Benjamin Lee Whorfs linguistischem Relativitätsprinzip. In: P. Holzer and C. Feyrer, eds. Text, Sprache, Kultur: Festschrift zum 50-jährigen Bestehen des Instituts für Übersetzer- und Dolmetscherausbildung der Universität Innsbruck. Frankfurt a/M et al., pp. 87—107.Krause, W.-D., 1999. Kommunikationslinguistische Aspekte der Textsortenbestimmung. In: W.-D. Krause, ed. Textsorten: Kommunikationslinguistische und konfrontative Aspekte. Frankfurt a/M et al., pp. 34—67.Krings, H. P., 1986. Was in den Köpfen von Übersetzern vorgeht: Eine empirische Untersuchung zur Struktur des Übersetzungsprozesses an fortgeschrittenen Französischlernern. Tübingen.Lifschitz, A. S., 2010. Translation in theory and practice: The case of Johann David Michaeli’s prize essay on language and opinions (1759). In: S. Stockhorst, ed. Cultural Transfer Through Translation: The Circulation of Enlightened Thought in Europe by Means of Translation. Amsterdam; New York, pp. 29—43.Luckhardt, H.-D., 1987. Der Transfer in der maschinellen Sprachübersetzung. Tübingen.Neurath, O., 1932. Protokollsätze. Erkenntnis, 3, pp. 204—214.Newmark, P., 1996. The ethics of translation: Diverging from the source language text. In: A. Lauer et al., eds. Übersetzungswissenschaft im Umbruch: Festschrift für Wolfram Wilss zum 70. Geburtstag. Tübingen, pp. 37—41.Nord, Ch., 1997. So treu wie möglich? Die linguistische Markierung kommunikativer Funktionen und ihre Bedeutung für die Übersetzung literarischer Texte. In: R. Keller, ed. Linguistik und Literaturübersetzen. Tübingen, pp. 35—59.Osgood, Ch. E., 1980. Lectures on language performance. New York et al.Powell, J. G. F., 1995. Cicero’s translations from Greek. In: J. G. F. Powell, ed. Cicero the philosopher. Oxford, pp. 273—300.Rushdie, S., 2012. Imaginary homelands. Essays and criticism 1981—1991. London.Quine, W. V. O., 1960. Word and object. Cambridge (Massachusetts).Quine, W. V. O., 1999. Where do we disagree? In: L. E. Hahn, ed. The philosophy of Donald Davidson. Chicago; La Salle (Illinois), pp. 73—79.Riffaterre, M., 1995. On the complementarity of comparative literature and cultural studies. In: Ch. Bernheimer, ed. Comparative literature in the age of multiculturalism. Baltimore; London, pp. 66—73.Trivedi, H., 2009. Anglophone transnation, postcolonial translation: The book and the film as namesakes. In: S. Säckel, W. Göbel, and M. Hamdy, eds. Semiotic Encounters: Text, Image and Trans-Nation. Amsterdam; New York, pp. 31—49.Weinberger, E., 2013. Anonymous sources (On translators and translation). In: E. Allen and S. Bernofsky, eds. In Translation: Translators on their work and what it means. New York, pp. 17—30.Zolyan, S. T., 2019. On the foundations of the theory of interdisciplinary transfers. Traductological relativity principle. Metod: Moskovskii ezhegodnik trudov iz obshchestvovedcheskikh distsiplin [Method. Moscow yearbook of studies in social sciences], 9, pp. 193—232 (in Russ.).Синхронный переводчик в полимодальном измерении: роль жестов в моменты «неперевода»O.K.IriskhanovaMoscow State Linguistic UniversityInstitute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of SciencesThe paper investigates multimodal behavior of simultaneous interpreters during ‘non-interpretation’ regarded as interruptions in the flow of speech due to difficulties. Video recordings of a TEDtalk on biology interpreted from English into Russian by 24 simultaneous interpreters are analyzed with the help of quantitative and qualitative methods. The distribution of gestures with the moments of ‘non-interpretation’ indicates that referential (representational and deictic) gestures serve the compensatory function of strengthening the mappings between three frames of reference in which a simultaneous interpreter acts at the same time: i. e., the frame of reference of the events described in the lecture, the communicative situation of the source text, and the interpreter’s physical communicative space constrained by the booth. Representational gestures connect the first two frames of reference via the representational modes of drawing, molding, holding, as well as acting out and embodying. Deictic (pointing) gestures help the interpreter to organize the referential objects around him / her, thus integrating the referential frame of events being described and interpreted, and the physical space of the booth.05302026405110.59222225-5346-2023-3-3https://journals.kantiana.ru/slovo/5365/42530/Azarova, N. M. and Bochaver, S. Yu., 2019. 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Vinogradov Russian Language Institute of the Russian Academy of SciencesIn 1927, Nâzım Hikmet composed several poems based on his impressions of his visit to Azerbaijani capital, the city of Baku. They will be included in the collection Song of the Sun-drinkers (1928) and will soon be translated into Russian. The Baku cycle was one of the first attempts at a symbolic representation of petroleum in Russian poetry, in many ways foreshadowing the later poetics of the subject, which will develop on Russian material only in the 2000s. One can look at these poems by Hikmet as one of the first attempts to create a philosophy of petroleum, which will find its most large-scale embodiment in the philosophical novel “Cyclonopedia” by Reza Negarestani, where petroleum constitutes a new type of subjectivity, simultaneously fluid and explosive. On the other hand, the image of petroleum will play a key role in Alexei Parshchikov’s poem of the same name, where one can also discern echoes of this philosophy in Hikmet’s Baku cycle. For all these authors, petroleum acts as a radical expression of the logic of non-translation: it is a condensed memory of antiquity, which cannot be directly accessed; its mystery cannot be revealed because, in a sense, it contains no mystery. Such a paradoxical semiotics leads all three authors to the idea that petroleum is alien to the human world and has a special inhuman agency.05302026527310.5922/2225-5346-2023-3-4https://journals.kantiana.ru/slovo/5365/42532/Ahmadov, R., 2019. Azerbaycan serbest şiiri ve şairleri üzerinde Nâzım Hikmet etkisi. Mutad, VI (1), pp. 1—14.Altman, M. S., 1995. Razgovory s Vyacheslavom Ivanovym [Conversations with Vyacheslav Ivanov]. St. Petersburg (in Russ.).Andrews, W. G., 1976. An Introduction to Ottoman Poetry. Minneapolis.Aseev, N., 1951. Destiny of the poet. 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Early Russian free verse. Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie [New Literary Review], 167, pp. 269—286 (in Russ.).Orlova, O. V., 2012. Diskursivno-stilisticheskaya evolyutsiya mediakontsepta: zhiznennyi tsikl i miromodeliruyushchii potentsial [Evolution of media-concept from the point of view of discourse and style: cycle of life and potential of world modelling]. Tomsk (in Russ.).Parshchikov, A., 2019. Kel'nskoe vremya [Cologne Time]. Moscow (in Russ.).Regev, Y., 2019. Reza Negarestani: A Goose on the water. Neprikosnovennyi zapas [An inviolable reserve], 126, pp. 12—23 (in Russ.).Rumi, J., 2007. Masnavi-yi ma’navi. Vol. I. St. Petersburg (in Russ.).Rumi, J., 2010. Masnavi-yi ma’navi. Vol. IV. St. Petersburg (in Russ.).Shraer, M. D., 2000. Eduard Bagritskii’s legend and destiny. In: E. Bagritskiy. Stikhotvoreniya i poemy [Poems and poems]. St. Petersburg, p. 237—274 (in Russ.).Stebleva, I. V., 2012. Tyurkskaya poetika. Etapy razvitiya 8—20 vv. [Turkic poetics. Phases of its developpment, 8th—20th centuries]. Moscow (in Russ.).Thiesen, F., 1982. A Manual of Classical Persian Prosody. Wiesbaden.Trimingham, J. S., 1989. Sufiiskie ordeny v islame [The Sufi orders in Islam]. Translated by A. A. Staviskaya. Moscow (in Russ.)Zelinskiy, K. L., 2015. Poeziya kak smysl: Kniga o konstruktivizme [Poetry as Sense: The book about Constructivism]. Moscow (in Russ.).Стратегия и практика парциального неперевода в современной поэзии (на примере гонконгских и российских авторов)Yu. A.DreizisInstitute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of SciencesThe paper centers on the phenomenon of non-translation in the texts of bilingual poets who perform self-translation into the lect of a dominant, ‘larger’ tradition (Putonghua / Rus­sian). Non-translation is set in motion in the conditions of enhanced linguistic reflection of its authors and serves as a marker of a special affective connection with a lect that is permanently associated with a weaker position. Paradoxically, the attempt to expand readership by trans­lating into ‘larger’ lects relies on the strategy of non-translation. Non-translation captures the most content-laden elements of the poem, which in the original serve as a sign of the otherness of the cultural tradition correlated with the text. In this sense, non-translation has a performative character, since its very production emphasizes the critical difference and delimitation of linguistic and cultural traditions.05302026748510.5922/2225-5346-2023-3-5https://journals.kantiana.ru/slovo/5365/42534/Cordingley, A., 2013. Introduction: Self-translation, going global. In: Self-translation. Brokering Originality in Hybrid Culture. London, pp. 1—10.Dreyzis, Yu. A., 2022. Сorrelation of the oral and the written in topolect poetry. Slovo.ru: Baltic accent, 2, pp. 121—133, https://doi.org/10.5922/2225-5346-2022-2-6 (in Russ.).Gibeau, M., 2013. Indigenization and opacity: Self-translation in the Okinawan/Ryūkyūan writings of Takara Ben and Medoruma Shun. In: Self-translation. Brokering Originality in Hybrid Culture. London, pp. 141—156.Mair, V. H., 2009. Mutual Intelligibility of Sinitic Languages. Language Log. Available at: https://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=1211 [Accessed 12 October 2022].Mee Ling Lai, 2011. Cultural identity and language attitudes — into the second decade of postcolonial Hong Kong. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 32 (3), pp. 249—264.Ouyang Jueya 欧阳觉亚, 1993. Putonghua Guangzhouhua de bijiao yu xuexi 普通话广州话的比教与学习 [A Comparison and Study of Putonghua and Cantonese]. Beijing (in Chinese).Palmer, R., 2000. Gadamer’s recent work on language and philosophy: On «Zur Phänomenologie von Ritual und Sprache». Continental Philosophy Review, 33, pp. 381—393.Portal natsional'nykh literatur. Erzyanskii yazyk [National Literature Portal. Erzya language], 2022. Available at: https://rus4all.ru/myv/ [Accessed 12 October 2022] (in Russ.).Ricoeur, P., 1999. Translation paradigm. Lecture given at the Faculty of Protestant Theology in Paris in October 1998. Esprit, 253. Available at: http://www.bel paese2000.narod.ru/Trad/ricoeur.htm/ [Accessed 12 October 2022] (in Russ.).Romaine, S., 1995. Bilingualism. Second edition. Oxford.Sitdikov, A. G., 2008. Vvedenie v etnogenez narodov Povolzh'ya i Priural'ya. Chast' 1: Istoki etnogeneza finskikh narodov: uchebno-metodicheskoe posobie dlya studentov, obuchayushchikhsya po spetsial'nosti «Istoriya» [Introduction to the Ethnogenesis of the Peoples of the Volga and Ural Regions. Part I. The Origins of the Ethnogenesis of the Finnish Peoples: A Teaching Aid for Students in History]. Kazan. (in Russ.).Snow, D., 2004. Cantonese as Written Language, The Growth of a Written Chinese Vernacular. Hong Kong.Venuti, L., 1995. The Translator’s Invisibility: A History of Translation. London; New York.Wu Wei 伍巍, 2007. Yue yu 粤语 [The Yue Language]. Fangyan 方言 [Topolect], 2, pp. 167—176 (in Chinese).Zi hua bianjishi 字花編輯室 [“Fleurs des Lettres” Editorial Board], 2014. Tong sheng m tong qi — yueyu xiezuo jieshao fan 同聲唔同氣──粵語寫作介紹返 [One Voice Different Manner — An Introduction to Cantonese Writing]. Zi hua 字花 [Fleurs des Lettres]. Available at: https://zihua.org.hk/magazine/issue-29/article/writing- cantonese/ [Accessed 12 October 2022] (in Chinese).Неперевод как палимпсест в непрозрачной поэзииA.E.MasalovRussian State University for the HumanitiesEzra Pound’s “Pisan Cantos” is a multi-layered palimpsest rewritten and written over previous editions several times, in which the non-translation of quotes, sayings and headlines becomes an aesthetically significant device. Younger branches of complex poetry after 1945, on the one hand, overcome Pound’s total project, on the other, inherit him through this ‘gap’. Within the framework of this article, the author explores how hermetic poetry (language writing, metarealism and generation of the 21st century) uses non-translation and untrans­latable to create/express political and ontological problems corresponding to this gap. So, in “Drafts” by Rachel Blau DuPlessis, palimpsest exposes the very deployment of language, writing, the ‘trace’ of other languages — all this develops together with the optics of studying writing and the loosening of the dominant hierarchies of poetic subjectivity and artistic form. In the poetry of metarealists Arkady Dragomoshchenko and Alexei Parshchikov, non-translation serves as a way of creating palimpsest marginalia, structuring the perception of interweaving images both through donor text and through the transformation of its motives. And the discommunicative palimpsest of Ekaterina Zakharkiv’s poem “Hiroo Onoda” is based on the unrepresentative function of the non-translation, when the collision of different lan­guages, quotes and references creates both difficulty in perception and communicative faults in the narrative fabric of the work. Thus, the article is an attempt to derive points on a con­tour map of poetic practices, showing both the formation of a way of inter-linguistic inte­rac­tion within the text that is different from multilingualism, and the ways of inheritance through the rupture of the complex and ambiguous nature of Ezra Pound’s “Cantos”, which gave rise not only to a new type of modernist epic, but also a special type of poetic palimpsest.05302026869910.5922/2225-5346-2023-3-6https://journals.kantiana.ru/slovo/5365/42536/Azarova, N., 2015. Interlanguage interaction in the poetry of Arkady Dragomoshchenko. Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie [New Literary Review], 1 (131), pp. 280—288 (in Russ.).Carbery, M., 2020. The book is removed into itself. Drafts by Rachel Blau DuPlessis. Cirk “Olimp”+TV [Circus “Olympus” plus TV], 33 (66). Available at: https://www.cirkolimp-tv. ru/articles/920/kniga-udalyaetsya-v-sebya [Accessed 19 November 2022] (in Russ.).Dragomoshchenko, A., 2011. Tavtologiya [Tautology]. Moscow (in Russ.).DuPlessis, R. B., 2021. Draft 18: Traduction. Cirk “Olimp”+TV [Circus “Olympus” plus TV], 36 (69). Available at: https://www.cirkolimp-tv.ru/articles/920/kniga- udalyaetsya-v-sebya [Accessed 19 November 2022] (in Russ.).Fokkema, D., 1984. Literary History. Modernism and Postmodernism. Amsterdam; Philadelphia.Genette, G., 1997. Palimpsests. Literature in the Second Degree. Lincoln.Korchagin, K., 2011. On the margins of the anthem (to) speech. Novyi mir [A new world], 11, pp. 189—194 (in Russ.).Korchagin, K., 2018. Avant-Garde Poetry in The Search for Totality (From Ezra Pound to Arkadii Dragomoshchenko). Poeticheskii zhurnal [Poetry Magazine], 1, pp. 298—325 (in Russ.).Korchagin, K., 2022. At the origins of actor-network poetry: Alexei Parshchikov’s “Money”. In: Figury intuitsii: poetika Alekseya Parshchikova [Figures of intuition: poetics of Alexei Parshchikov]. Moscow, pp. 159—165 (in Russ.).Lekhcier, V., 2020. Poeziya i ee inoe: filosofskie i literaturno-kriticheskie teksty [Poetry and its other: philosophical and literary-critical texts]. Ekaterinburg; Moscow (in Russ.).Masalov, A., 2022. Russian-Language opaque poetry: From Metarealism to the late 2010s. Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie [New Literary Review], 4 (176), pp. 210—231 (in Russ.).Maurizio, M., 2019. Introduction. In: E. Zaharkiv, ed. hiroo onoda. Available at: https://greza.space/hiroo-onoda/ [Accessed 19 November 2022] (in Russ.).Parshchikov, A., 2014. Dirizhabli [Airships]. Moscow (in Russ.).Pavlov, E., 2015. Dragomoshchenko’s tautologies. Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie [New Literary Review], 1 (131), pp. 289—301 (in Russ.).Petrovskaya, E., 2013. Foundation — dust (Notes on A. T. Dragomoshchenko’s poetry). Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie [New Literary Review], 3 (121), pp. 267—273 (in Russ.).Pound, E., 2012. From “Pisan Cantos”. Gvideon, 2, pp. 81—123 (in Russ.).Probstein, Ya., 2012. Eternal rebel. Gvideon, 2, pp. 64—80 (in Russ.).Probstein, Ya., 2019. “Pisan Cantos” by E. Pound. Literature of the Americas, 7, pp. 40—166, https://doi.org/10.22455/2541-7894-2019-7-40-166 (in Russ.).Proskurin, O. A., 1999. Poeziya Pushkina, ili Podvizhnyi palimpsest [Poetry of Pushkin, or Mobile Palimpsest]. Moscow (in Russ.).Severskaya, O., 2022. “Cinema where figures with complex topics change”: visual codes in the poetry of Alexei Parshchikov. In: Figury intuicii: poetika Alekseya Parshchikova [Figures of intuition: poetics of Alexei Parshchikov]. Moscow, pp. 71—81 (in Russ.).The Beatles. Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds. Available at: https://genius.com/ The-beatles-lucy-in-the-sky-with-diamonds-lyrics [Accessed 19 November 2022].Yampol'skii, M., 2001. O blizkom (Ocherki nemimetichskogo zreniya) [About Close (Essays on Non-Mimetic Vision)]. Moscow.Zaharkiv, E., 2019. hiroo onoda. Greza. Available at: https://greza.space/hiroo- onoda/ [Accessed 19 November 2022] (in Russ.).Zalomkina, G., 2015. Recognition of the autumn growing of speech. Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie [New Literary Review], 1 (131), pp. 270—279 (in Russ.).На каком языке и о чем молчали в Париже Газданов и СалказановаT.K.SalbievVladikavkaz Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of SciencesThe article examines the principles and methods of constructing discourse that emerges through a unique combination of socio-cultural and linguistic factors in the context of a European metropolis. Participants involved are representatives of the first and second wave of Russian emigration: Gaito (Georgy Ivanovich) Gazdanov, a prominent writer of the Russian diaspora, and Fatima Salkazanova, an aspiring journalist who crossed paths with Gazdanov in the 1960s in Paris while working in the Russian service of Radio Liberty[60]. Salkazanova's oral memoirs provide valuable insights, revealing that Gazdanov remained completely silent in her presence for a period of six months until he unexpectedly spoke to her, advising her to purchase a new watch. The primary focus of this study is to elucidate the strategy employed in constructing this ‘wordless’ discourse, as well as to explore the conditions that facilitate its occurrence, underlying mechanisms, and its historical background. The analysis encompasses linguistic, historical, cultural aspects, and aims to determine its linguistic classification and overall significance. The discourse itself is interpreted as a revival of the archaic ritual of silence practiced in Ossetian patriarchal families, serving as a form of speech etiquette. This relic language practice, rooted in Indo-European archaic traditions, represents a manifes­ta­tion of the rite of passage and allows individuals of Ossetian origin, who may have lost their na­tive language due to external circumstances, to demonstrate their cultural identity. It is suggested that the occurrence of such speech behaviour is strongly influenced by the specific time and place, where forced emigration to Europe not only contributes to the preservation of archaic speech etiquette patterns but also involuntarily activates them.0530202610011110.5922/2225-5346-2023-3-7https://journals.kantiana.ru/slovo/5365/42539/Abaev, V. I., 1973. Istoriko-etimologicheskii slovar' osetinskogo yazyka [Historical and etymological dictionary of the Ossetian language], Vol. II. Leningrad (in Russ.).Abaev, V. I., 1989. Istoriko-etimologicheskii slovar' osetinskogo yazyka [Historical and etymological dictionary of the Ossetian language], Vol. IV. Leningrad (in Russ.).Ambartsumyan, A. A., 2000. Magician Sarastro (Zoroaster) in The Magic Flute by W. A. Mozart (magic instruments, Zoroastrian ordeals and Freemasonry)]. In: Voprosy instrumentovedeniya: sbornik referatov IV mezhdunarodnoi instrumentovedcheskoi konferentsii «Blagodatovskie chteniya», 4—7 dekabrya 2000 g. [Issues of instrumental science: collection of abstracts of the IV International Instrumental conference “Blagodatovsky readings”, December 4—7, 2000], 4, pp. 47—51 (in Russ.).Bakhtin, M. M., 1990. Tvorchestvo Fransua Rable i narodnaya kul'tura srednevekov'ya i Renessansa [Francois Rabelais’s oeuvres and folk culture of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance]. Moscow (in Russ.).Dienes, L., 1982. Russian literature in exile: the life and work of Gajto Gazdanov. München.Dzagurova, G. T., 1992. Pod rossiiskimi znamenami [Under Russian banners]. Vladikavkaz (in Russ.).Dzutsev, Kh. V. and Smirnova, Ya. S., 1993. Zhizn' osetinskoy sem'i. Etnosotsiologicheskiy aspekt [Life of Ossetian family. Ethno-sociological view]. Vladikavkaz (in Russ.).Gazdanova, V. S., 2007. House on Kabinetskaya, 7. Memoirs of O. V. Abatsieva-Salkazanova. In: Zolotoi dozhd'. Issledovaniya po traditsionnoi kul'ture osetin [Golden rain. Studies in the traditional culture of the Ossetians]. Vladikavkaz (in Russ.).Gennep, A., 1999. Obryady perekhoda. Sistematicheskoe izuchenie obryadov [Rites of passage. Systematic study of rituals]. Moscow (in Russ.).Lingvisticheskii entsiklopedicheskii slovar' [Encyclopedic dictionary of Linguistics], 1990. Moscow (in Russ.).Pajitnov, E., 2015. Pis'ma materi [Letters to the mother]. Available at: https:// proza.ru/2015/12/27/1156 [Accessed 10 December 2022] (in Russ.).Propp, V. Ya., 1999. Problemy komizma i smekha. Ritual'nyi smekh v fol'klore (po povodu skazki o Nesmeyane) [Problems of comedy and laughter. Ritual laughter in folklore (about the tale of Nesmeyan)]. Moscow (in Russ.).Salbiev, T. K., 2019. Тhe sacredness of the ossetian fire-place chain (the origins and semantics of the cult). Vestnik of Vladikavkaz Scientific Centre, 19 (4), pp. 23—29, https://doi.org/10.23671/VNC.2019.4.43316 (in Russ.).Tmenova, Dz. G., 2000. Osetinskie narodnye zagadki [Ossetian folk riddles]. Vladikavkaz (in Russ.).Что такое «редкий» язык в переводе? Опыт дистанционного чтенияS.J.BochaverE.V.TereshkoThis article examines the perception of ‘rare’ and ‘common’ languages through literary translations. The study is based on the materials from De Bezige Bij Publishing House in the Netherlands, comparing the periods of 2010—2013 and 2020—2023. A significant increase in the role of translators is reflected in the rise of translation share in the publishing house. There is an observed growth in the number of source languages for translation, with a dec­rease in the proportion of English. Translations from French, Italian, German, Scandinavian languages, Portuguese, and Japanese have emerged. A comparison with the Polyandria Rus­sian Publishing House during the period of 2020—2023 reveals common and distinct source lan­guages. Both publishers translate literature into Danish, Finnish, and French to a similar extent. The Russian publishing house represents Norwegian and Japanese to a greater extent, while the Dutch publishing house releases more translations from German, Swedish, Turkish, and Italian. The Russian publisher also includes Icelandic, Albanian, Korean, and Croatian, while the Dutch publisher includes Hebrew, Romanian, and Portuguese. Both publishers en­com­pass a total of 20 source languages, which is a small number compared to the global lin­guistic diversity. Comparing the volumes of source languages also indicates diffe­ren­ces in pre­ferences. Central European languages are chosen in the Netherlands, while Nor­wegian and Ice­landic are favored in Russia. These differences may be influenced by the cost of rights to works, editorial preferences, and translator availability. The analysis results indicate that neither typological similarity between the source language and the target language, nor association with a specific language group, influences the preference for translating books from a particular language. This highlights the importance of sociocultural factors.0530202611212410.5922/2225-5346-2023-3-8https://journals.kantiana.ru/slovo/5365/42540/Aiden, E. and Michel, J.-B., 2013. Uncharted: Big Data as a Lens on Human Culture. New York: Riverhead Books, 288 p.Azarova, N. M. and Bochaver, S. Yu., 2019. From hardship to ease translation. On modern philosophy of translation and target text. Novyi mir [New world], 10, pp. 138—(in Russ.).Jin Yi., 2019. Corpora of interlingual big data and translation. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Ser. 22: Teoriya perevoda [Moscow University Translation Studies Bulletin. Series 22: Translation Theory], 1, pp. 3—14 (in Russ.).Lutskiv, A. and Popovych, N., 2020. Big data-based approach to automated linguistic analysis effectiveness. In: 2020 IEEE Third International Conference on Data Stream Mining & Processing (DSMP). IEEE, pp. 438—443, https://doi.org/10.1109/ DSMP47368.2020.9204057.Moretti, F., 2005. Graphs, Maps, Trees: Abstract Models for a Literary History. London; New York.Paganoni, M. C., 2019. Framing big data: a linguistic and discursive approach. Springer.Rebora, S. et al., 2021. Digital humanities and digital social reading. Digital Scholarship in the Humanities, 36 (Supplement 2), pp. ii230-ii250, https://doi.org/10.1093/ llc/fqab020.Конкретно: синтактика без семиотики?A.V.ZimmerlingI discuss the relation of linguistics and semiotics on the basis of the Old Russian discourse particle TI1 ‘indeed’, ‘verily’, ‘truly’ discovered by Andrej A. Zaliznjak in 1993. Linguistics and semiotics are different research programmes: the first one deals with specific features of language structures, while the second one discusses general characteristics of all sign systems, from a perspective of interpreting most or all of them as secondary respective to natural language. Formal models of language deal with classes of elements and predict their positions. Lexicographic descriptions provide instructions to the use of particular language items treated as signs with their concepts and syntactics. Functional words including discourse particles allow both approaches. The existence of Old Russian particle TI1 as has been proved by Zaliznjak on the basis of formal conditions, constraining the position of this particle in the clausal structure. Meanwhile, Zaliznjak failed to provide a lexicographical description of TI1 and reliable external parallels from other languages. I argue that TI1 is a marker of verification with the meaning ‘p really takes place’. The view that TI1 expressed enhanced indicativity is not tenable, since this particle was licensed in hypothetical contexts and combined with the optative marker. It is essential to identify the lexicographic type of a functional word in order to get its full syntactics.0530202612515310.5922/2225-5346-2023-3-9https://journals.kantiana.ru/slovo/5367/42542/Abdur-Rahim, V., 2016. Inna: particle of emphasis and accusative case. In: Understand-Arabic.com. 04.06.2016. 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M., 2022. On the Fate of “Morpheme” and the Differences between Signifying and Signified in Post-structural Morphology. In: Semiotika v proshlom i nastoyashchem [Semiotics, its Past and its Future]. Moscow, Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Science, 11—13 October 2022. Available at: https://www. academia.edu/88336709/ [Accessed 26 December 2022] (in Russ.).Bach, E., 1986. Natural Language Metaphysics. In: R. Barcan Marcus et al., eds. Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science, VI. Amsterdam: North Holland, pp. 573—595.Baranov, A. N., Plungyan, V. A. and Rakhilina, E. V., 1993. Putevoditel' po diskursivnym slovam russkogo yazyka [Guide to discursive words of the Russian language]. Moscow (in Russ.).Belyaev, O. and Khomchenkova, I., 2022. Noun phrase conjunction in Ossetic. Rhema, 4, pp. 32—54, https://doi.org/10.31862/2500-2953-2022-4-32-54 (in Russ.).Chao, W. and Bach, E., 2012. The Metaphysics of Natural Language(s). In: R. Kempson et al., eds. Philosophy of Linguistics, 14. Amsterdam: North Holland, Elsevier, pp. 175—196.Chomsky, N., 1957. Syntactic structures. MIT.Chomsky, N., 1965. Aspects of the theory of syntax. MIT.Chomsky, N., 1999. Derivation by phase. In: MIT Occasional Papers in Linguistics, 18. MITWPL, Department of Linguistics and Philosophy. Cambridge, MA.Davidson, D., 1980. The Individuation of Events. In: D. Davidson, ed. Essays on Actions and Events. Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 163—180.Galton, A., 2005. Eventualities. In: М. Fisher et al., eds. Handbook of Temporal Reasoning in Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 1. Foundations of artificial intelligence, pp. 28—59.Giannakidou, A., 1998. Polarity Sensitivity as (Non)Veridical Dependency. John Benjamins.Gladkii, A. V. and Mel’čuk, I., 1969. Elementy matematicheskoi lingvistiki [Elements of mathematical linguistics]. Moscow (in Russ.).Glazkov, A. V., 2022. To the coherence of a sentence pair. Vestnik Nizhegorodskogo universiteta im. N. I. 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