NONE20260529200251561Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal Universityno-reply@journals.kantiana.ruImmanuel Kant Baltic Federal UniversitySlovo.ru: Baltic accent2225-53462686-898905292026153Чужое и (или) свое: к вопросу о современных кальках (на примере коллокации как по мне)A. G.ZhukovaPushkin State Russian Language Institutehttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0222-082XO. I.SeverskayaVinogradov Russian Language Institute of RAShttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6277-9756This article addresses the problem of identifying hidden borrowings in the Russian language of the late 20th and early 21st centuries. The authors pay particular attention to expressions that convey meanings whose semiotic 'form' utilises linguistic elements pre-existing in the recipient language. The mechanism of embedding a semantic calque into an already existing model of signification is illustrated using the example of the collocation kak po mne and its interaction with the original Russian marker of personal opinion po mne, which has a long history of use. A corpus study and contextual semantic and comparative analysis led the authors to conclude that the collocation kak po mne is a calque of the Anglo-Americanism 'as for me / as to me', competing with another form of hidden borrowing — po mne [for me / to me]. Coexisting in the recipient language with the native expression po mne, the hidden semantic calque appears as its structural-semantic variant with an intensifier.The article also presents survey data from native Russian speakers, who predominantly classify kak po mne as a vulgarism or colloquialism. This categorisation persists despite the widespread use of the expression by educated individuals across various functional domains, including media, literary translations and film dubbing.0529202662110.5922/2225-5346-2024-3-1https://journals.kantiana.ru/slovo/15681/79399/Baranov, A. N., Plungyan, V. A. and Rakhilina, E. V., 1993. Putevoditel' po diskursivnym slovam russkogo yazyka [Guide to discursive words of the Russian language]. Moscow (in Russ.).Bastrikov, A. V., 2008. Replenishment of the lexical composition of the Russian literary language of the 18th century with foreign borrowings (on the example of the formation of names of ethical concepts. Uchenye Zapiski Kazanskogo Universiteta. Seriya Gumanitarnye Nauki [Proceedings of Kazan University. Humanities Series], 2, pp. 185—196 (in Russ.).Chekletsova, E. I., 2015. Modern borrowings from English in the speech of representatives of youth culture. Ural'skii filologicheskii vestnik. Seriya: Yazyk. Sistema. Lichnost': lingvistika kreativa [Ural Philological Bulletin. Series: Language. System. Personality: linguistics of creativity], 1, pp. 175—182 (in Russ.).Ginza, D. I. and Gorbunova, V. S., 2017. English borrowings in the Russian language. Bulletin of Science and Practice, 4 (17), pp. 304—307 (in Russ.).Is it possible to say “kak po mne, tak…” (as for me, so...)? Gramotnyi russkii yazyk v voprosakh i otvetakh [Competent Russian in questions and answers], Available at: https://gramotno.livejournal.com/74972.html [Accessed 2 January 2024] (in Russ.).Krysin, L. P., 2002. Lexical borrowing and tracing in the Russian language of recent decades. Voprosy Jazykoznanija [Topics in the study of language], 6, pp. 27—34 (in Russ.).Krysin, L. P., 2004. Russkoe slovo, svoe i chuzhoe: issledovaniya po sovremennomu russkomu yazyku i sotsiolingvistike [Russian word, one’s own and someone else’s: studies in modern Russian language and sociolinguistics]. Moscow, 888 p. (in Russ.).Kuznetsov, S. A., ed. Bol'shoi tolkovyi slovar' russkogo yazyka [Great Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language]. Available at: https://gramota.ru/biblioteka/ slovari/bolshoj-tolkovyj-slovar [Accessed 2 January 2024] (in Russ.).Lopatin, V. V. and Ivanova, O. E., eds. Russkii orfograficheskii slovar' [Russian spelling dictionary]. Available at: https://gramota.ru/biblioteka/slovari/russkij-orfog raficheskij-slovar [Accessed 2 January 2024] (in Russ.).Marinova, E. V., 2008. Inoyazychnye slova v russkoi rechi kontsa XX — nachala XXI vv.: problemy osvoeniya i funktsionirovaniya [Foreign words in Russian speech at the end of the 20th — beginning of the 21st centuries: problems of development and functioning]. Moscow, 495 p. (in Russ.).Meshkova, L. N., 2012. Texting as a phenomenon of modern culture. Izvestiya Penzenskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta im. V. G. Belinskogo [Proceedings of the Penza State Pedagogical University named after V. G. Belinsky], 27, pp. 49—53 (in Russ.).Morkovkin, V. V., Bogacheva, G. F. and Lutskaya, N. M. Bol'shoi universal'nyi slovar' russkogo yazyka [Large universal dictionary of the Russian language]. Available at: https://gramota.ru/biblioteka/slovari/bolshoj-universalnyj-slovar-russkogo- yazyka [Accessed 2 January 2024] (in Russ.).Natsional'nyi korpus russkogo yazyka [The Russian National Corpus]. Available at: https://ruscorpora.ru/ [Accessed 2 January 2024] (in Russ.).Pakhomov, V. M., Svintsov, V. V. and Filatova, I. V. Spravochnik po punktuatsii [Punctuation reference book]. Available at: https://gramota.ru/biblioteka/spravoch niki/spravochnik-po-punktuatsii/po-mne [Accessed 2 January 2024] (in Russ.).Pestova, A. R., 2022. Stilisticheskie pomety v tolkovykh slovaryakh kak otrazhenie leksiko-stilisticheskikh protsessov v russkom yazyke vtoroi poloviny XX — nachala XXI v. [Stylistic notes in explanatory dictionaries as a reflection of lexico-stylistic processes in the Russian language of the second half of the 20th — beginning of the 21st century]. PhD thesis. Moscow, 22 p. (in Russ.).Senko, E. V. and Lenchina, M. R., 2020. Calquing in the Modern Russian Language. Filologicheskie nauki. Voprosy teorii i praktiki [Philology. Theory & Practice], 11, pp. 128—133, https://doi.org/10.30853/filnauki.2020.11.26 (in Russ.).Severskaya, O. I. and Saakyan, L. N., 2023. Hidden borrowing and original models of frequency collocations. In: Yazyk — tekst — diskurs v novykh usloviyakh kommunikatsii (k 60-letiyu professora T. B. Radbilya) [Language — text — discourse in new conditions of communication (to the 60th anniversary of Professor T. B. Radbil)]. Nizhny Novgorod, pp. 419—426 (in Russ.).Shvedova, N. Yu., ed., 2007. Tolkovyi slovar' russkogo yazyka s vklyucheniem svedenii o proiskhozhdenii slov [Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language including information about the origin of words]. Moscow, 1175 p. (in Russ.).Stepanov, Yu. S., 1993. Konstanty mirovoi kul'tury. Alfavity I alfavitnye teksty v period dvoeveriya [Constants of the world culture. Alphabets and alphabetic texts in the period of double faith]. Moscow (in Russ.).The correctness of the phrase “kak po mne, tak…” (as for me, so...). Russkii yazyk [Russian language]. Available at: https://rus.stackexchange.com/questions/444 350/ [Accessed 2 January 2024] (in Russ.).Функционирование фрейма environment в спе­циальных концептуальных областях знания в английском языкеL. A.ManerkoLomonosov Moscow State Universityhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4288-1603A. S.SukhanovaMoscow State Pedagogical Universityhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2452-4875This article presents the frame environment, exploring its conceptual structure by analysing how linguistic units function within immediate linguistic contexts across various conceptual knowledge domains. It is proposed to define and distinguish between the theore­tical concepts of 'frame', 'cognitive context' and 'conceptual domain'. The English word 'en­vironment' was selected to describe the manifestations of frame structure at the linguistic le­vel. The etymology and definitions of the lexical unit were analysed using English lexico­graphical sources and texts and contexts from the British National Corpus and the Corpus of Contemporary American English. Based on this foundation, the frame environment was constructed, encompassing the knowledge structures that define the concept of ‘environment’ and shape its linguistic expressions across various specialised knowledge domains. The au­thors hypothesise that while the generalised frame structure remains unchanged, the con­tent of its slots transforms under the influence of the conceptual domain, which affects the un­derstanding and structuring of information by a linguistic personality. The content of fra­me slots aligns with the conceptual domain, whose information scope guides the selection of lin­guis­tic means while producing a verbal message. In turn, the linguistic means describing the con­tent of the slots serve to reconstruct the frame in the process of understanding. Text ana­lysis has shown that the frame structure does not change substantially, with some slots pos­sib­ly remaining inactivated within a particular conceptual domain. Such a structure facilitates the connections of concepts and, consequently, aids in understanding and focusing attention when addressing background knowledge.05292026223810.5922/2225-5346-2024-3-2https://journals.kantiana.ru/slovo/15681/79401/Beliaevskaya, E. G., 2012. Frame “Politician” in English biographic discourse (on methodology of analysis). Politicheskaya lingvistika [Political Linguistics], 2, pp. 21—26 (in Russ.).Beliaevskaya, E. G., 2015. Frame, concept, conceptual metaphor — synonyms? (on the correlation of research methods in cognitive linguistics). Vestnik Moskovskogo gosudarstvennogo lingvisticheskogo universiteta. Gumanitarnye nauki [Vestnik of Moscow State Linguistic University. Humanities], 22 (733), pp. 9—20 (in Russ.).Beliaevskaya, E. G., 2021. Frame? Frame... Frame! Voprosy Kognitivnoy Lingvistiki [Issues of Cognitive Linguistics], 4 (47), pp. 17—24 (in Russ.).BNC — British National Corpus. Available at: https://www.english-corpora. org/bnc/ [Accessed 20 December 2022].Boldyrev, N. N., 2001. Kognitivnaya semantika: Kurs lektsii po angliiskoi filologii [Cognitive Semantics: A Course of Lectures in English Philology]. 2nd ed. Tambov (in Russ.).Boldyrev, N. N., 2004. Conceptual space of cognitive linguistics. Voprosy Kognitivnoy Lingvistiki [Issues of Cognitive Linguistics], 1, pp. 18—36 (in Russ.).Boldyrev, N. N., 2006. Language categories as a format of knowledge. Voprosy Kognitivnoy Lingvistiki [Issues of Cognitive Linguistics], 2, pp. 5—22 (in Russ.).Boldyrev, N. N., 2014. The role of cognitive context in interpretation of the world and knowledge about the world. Vestnik Chelyabinskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Filologiya. Iskusstvovedenie [Bulletin of Chelyabinsk State University], 6 (335), pp. 118—122 (in Russ.).Borodina, O. A., 2006. Structure of the text frame of scientific abstracts. Izvestia: Herzen University Journal of Humanities and Sciences, 18, pp. 27—32 (in Russ.).Chernyshov, L. N., 2009. Sredy razrabotki programmnogo obespecheniya: istoriya i perspektivy [Software development environments: history and perspectives]. Available at: http://nit.miem.edu.ru/sbornik/2009/plen/008.html [Accessed 20 March 2021] (in Russ.).COCA — Corpus of Contemporary American English. 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Framing Terminology: A Process-Oriented Approach. Meta: Journal des traducteurs, 50 (4). Available at: https://www. researchgate.net/publication/237421727_Framing_Terminology_A_Process-Orien ted_Approach [Accessed 6 February 2023].Fillmore, Ch. J., 1988. Frames and the semantics of understanding. In: Novoe v zarubezhnoi lingvistike: kognitivnye aspekty yazyka [New in foreign linguistics: Cognitive aspects of language], 23, Moscow, pp. 52—92 (in Russ.).Fillmore, Ch. J., 1981. The case for case. Novoe v zarubezhnoi lingvistike [New in foreign linguistics], 10. Мoscow, pp. 369—495 (in Russ.).FrameNet. Available at: https://framenet.icsi.berkeley.edu/luIndex [Accessed 3 June 2023].Goffman, E., 1974. Frame analysis: An essay on the organization of experience. London.Google Ngram Viewer. Available at: https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph? content=environment&year_start=1800&year_end=2019&corpus=en-2019&smoo thing=3 [Accessed 10 January 2023].Karasik, V. I., 2002. 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Types of knowledge and their representation in language for specific purposes (LSP). In: Kognitivnaya lingvistika: novye problemy poznaniya: sbornik nauchnykh trudov [Cognitive linguistics: new problems of cognition: a collection of papers], 5. Moscow; Ryazan, pp. 136—140 (in Russ.).Odintsova, I. V., 2012. Framing, framing and reframing in linguodidactics. Mir russkogo slova [The World of Russian Word], 1, pp. 73—80 (in Russ.).OED — The Oxford English Dictionary being a corrected re-issue with an introduction, supplement, and bibliography of a new English dictionary on historical principles founded mainly on the materials collected by the Philological Society. Oxford, 1933. Vol. III.Pearce, T., 2010. From ‘circumstances’ to ‘environment’: Herbert Spencer and the origins of the idea of organism-environment interaction. Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, 41, pp. 241—252, https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.shpsc.2010.07.003.Razina, I. G., 2007. 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G.GorbovskayaSaint Petersburg State Universityhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4077-1769This article examines the image of 'flowers of evil' as an imago image — an imaginary image of a real object. The term 'imago' was first used in this sense by Carl Jung in 1912. The work proposes a novel approach to investigating the image of 'flowers of evil'. The com­pa­rative historical, analytical and psychoanalytic methods of text examination revealed that, in his novel À rebours, Huysmans espouses Baudelaire's celebrated image, representing it pri­marily as a notion of something bizarre, extraordinary, transmuted and dangerous. This is achieved through the reception of the image of 'flowers of evil' embodied by Huysmans in a series of vegetative appearances, such as the collection of exotic plants, the lotus in the hands of Salome and the nidularium seen in a dream. It is concluded that Huysmans uses phy­to­nymic images to demonstrate his belief that his decadent contemporaries, personified in the cha­racter of Jean Desessent, perceive Baudelaire's work superficially, inaccurately and too lite­rally, making them accomplices in the 'burial' of everything associated with 'old' values. Therefore, as a poetic image, Baudelaire's 'flowers of evil' align with the explored 'imago' methodology as they generate multiple interpretive chains representing independent acts of creativity.05292026395410.5922/2225-5346-2024-3-3https://journals.kantiana.ru/slovo/15681/79403/Anisova, A. A. and Zhuk, M. I., 2006. The Archetype of the Shadow in G. Hesse’s novel “Steppenwolf” from the point of view of the theory of analytical psychology by C. G. Jung. In: Kul'turno-yazykovye kontakty [Cultural and linguistic contacts], 9. Vladivostok, pp. 300—312 (in Russ.).Auerbach, E., 1976. Mimesis [Mimesis]. Moscow (in Russ.).Barness, Ed. and Bernard, D., 2000. Psikhoanaliticheskie terminy i ponyatiya: slovar' [Psychoanalytic terms and concepts: Dictionary]. Moscow (in Russ.).Baudelaire, Ch., 1868. Salon de 1859. In: Œuvres complètes de Charles Baudelaire [The collected works by Charles Baudelaire]. Paris, Vol. 2, pp. 245—358.Baudelaire, Ch., 1972. Les Fleurs du Mal. Рaris.Benjamin, W., 2019. Baudelaire, or Parisian streets. In: Devyat' rabot [Nine works]. Moscow, pp. 122—126 (in Russ.).Bozovic, M., 2004. The Man Behind His Own Retina. In: S. Zizek, ed. To, chto vy vsegda khoteli znat' o Lakane (no boyalis' sprosit' u Khichkoka) [What you Always Wanted to Know about Lacan (but were afraid to ask Hitchcock)]. Moscow, pp. 141—158 (in Russ.).Brunel, P., 1998. Les fleurs du mal. Entre «fleurir» et «défleurir». Paris.Campmas, Au., 2008. La monstruosité cachée: Huysmans et les hybrides artificiels. Séminaire «Signe, déchiffrement, et interpretation» In: Les colloques "Signe, déchiffrement, et interprétation". Available at: http://www.fabula.org/colloques/do cument869.php [Accessed 9 January 2023] https://doi.org/10.58282/colloques.869.Dufour, P., 1988. Les Fleurs du Mal: dictionnaire de mélancolie. Littérature, 72, pp. 30—54.Eco, U., 1998. Notes on the margins of the “Name of the Rose”. In: Imya rozy [The Name of the Rose]. Moscow, pp. 596—644 (in Russ.).Gubareva, M. S., 2005. Temy i obrazy dekadansa: Zh.-K. Gyuismans, O. Uail'd, A. Zhid: opyt sopostavitel'nogo analiza [Themes and images of decadence: J.-C. Huysmans, O. Wilde, A. Gide: A Benchmarking Experience]. PhD dissertation. Moscow (in Russ.).Huysmans, J.-K., 1922. À rebours. Paris.Huysmans, J.-K., 2005. Naoborot [À rebours]. Мoscow (in Russ.).Jung, K. G., 1994. Simvoly i metamorfozy. Libido [Symbols and metamorphoses. Libido]. Moscow (in Russ.).Jung, K. G., 2002. Problemy dushi nashego vremeni [The problems of the soul of our time]. St. Petersburg (in Russ.).Kant, I., 2020. Kritika chistogo razuma [Kritik der reinen Vernunft]. Moscow (in Russ.).Komarova, E. A., 2003. Roman “Naoborot” v kontekste khudozhestvennogo tvorchestva Zh.-K. Huysmansa [The novel “À rebours” in the context of artistic creativity of J.-K. Huysmans].PhD dissertation. Ivanovo (in Russ.).Kugler, P., 2005. Alkhimiya diskursa. Obraz, zvuk i psikhicheskoe [Alchemy of discourse. Image, sound and mental]. Translated by V. V. Zelenskii, Z. A. Krivulina. Moscow (in Russ.).Kushlina, O. B., 2022. Strastotsvet, ili Peterburgskie podokonniki [Passion flower, or St. Petersburg window sills]. St. Petersburg, 336 p. (in Russ.).Lacan, J., 2019. The mirror stage and its role in the formation of the Y-function. Psikhoanaliz [Psychoanalysis]. Minsk. Available at: https://psychoanalysis.by/2019/ 03/26/статья-ж-лакан-стадия-зеркала-и-ее-рол/ [Accessed 22 February 2023] (in Russ.).Levin, Yu., 1988. Mirror as a potential semiotic object. In: Zerkalo. Semiotika zerkal'nosti: Trudy po znakovym sistemam [Mirror. Semiotics of mirroring: Works on sign systems]. Tartu, pp. 6—24 (in Russ.).Moreau, G., 2002. Ecrits sur l’art par Gustave Moreau. Vol. 1. Paris.Pishua, K. and Ziegler, J., 2000. The publication of “Flowers of Evil” and the trial of Baudelaire. Inostrannaya literatura [Foreign Literature], 4, pp. 140—163 (in Russ.).Sokolova, T. V., ed., 2003. Istoriya zapadnoevropeiskoi literatury. XIX vek [History of Western European literature. Тhe 19th century]. St. Petersburg; Moscow (in Russ.).Vasiliev, A. V., 2015. Ancestral masks (imagines maiorum) in the public life of the Romans during the Republic and early Empire. In: Trudy Istoricheskogo fakul'teta Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta [Proceedings of the Historical Faculty of St. Petersburg University], 23. St. Petersburg, pp. 73—100 (in Russ.).Veselovsky, A. N., 1989. From an introduction to historical poetics. In: Istoricheskaya poetika [Historical poetics]. Moscow, pp. 42—59 (in Russ.).«Аллебарда белиберды», или Опыт дешифровки конст­руэм А. Н. Чичерина (к 100-летию их публикации)A. A.RossomakhinA. M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Scienceshttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0038-991XThis paper is the first attempt to interpret the visual 'construemes' by the constructivist poet Alexei N. Chicherin, published in the anthology Mena vsekh (Moscow, 1924). 'Const­rue­mes' can be considered the most enigmatic artefacts of the Russian avant-garde. Although 'construemes' can be easily confused with meaningless visual zaum ('the transra­tio­nal'), Chicherin's actions and the very nature of his personality prevent one from inter­preting 'con­struemes' as actionist endeavours to scandalise or a 'play on nonsense'. Analysis of the poet's treatise Kan-Fun (Moscow, 1926), which required finding the key to deciphering the 'const­ruemes', reveals the positivist nature of Chicherin's visual-phonological exercises. In the trea­tise, the poet argues for the primacy of the eye and vision. He illustrates synthetic 'signs' or 'pictograms' with the quotidian example of propaganda posters, capable of influen­cing mil­lions more effectively than words alone.The study emphasises the enigmatic nature of the titles of Chicherin's books, the Nie­tzschean subtexts of his self-presentation, encrypted allusions to the esoteric and magical tra­dition of the Tarot, and religious symbolism. Sixteen illustrations help understand Chi­che­rin's logic behind the creation of his four 'construemes', including the most mysterious com­position called 'Raman' ('the shortest Kan-Fun Novel in the world'). The structure of this text synthesises the verbal, visual-graphic, acoustic (phonological symbols) and musical (notes) levels. The article also examines Chicherin's proven techniques: the appropriation of the sacred dimension and self-presentation as an actor possessing genuine knowledge and ca­pable of competing alone with the entire literary environment.05292026558210.5922/2225-5346-2024-3-4https://journals.kantiana.ru/slovo/15682/79405/Biryukov, S. E., 1994. Zevgma: Russkaya poeziya ot man'erizma do postmodernizma [Zeugma: Russian poetry from mannerism to postmodernism]. Moscow (in Russ.).Chicherin, A. N. and Selvinsky, E.-K., 1923. Znaem: Klyatvennaya Konstruktsiya (Deklaratsiya) Konstruktivistov-poetov [We know: the Oath Construction (Declaration) of the Constructivist poets]. Moscow (in Russ.).Chicherin, A. N., 1924. Conventional signs of “Raman”. In: Mena vsekh [Mena of all]. Moscow, p. 58 (in Russ.).Chicherin, A. N., 1926. Kan-Fun: Deklaratsiya [Kang-Fung: Declaration]. Moscow (in Russ.).Chicherin, A. N., 1927. Call to the janitor. In: Novye stikhi. Sbornik vtoroi [New poems. Vol. 2]. Moscow, pp. 110—117 (in Russ.).Giraud, A., 1884. Pierrot lunaire: Rondels bergamasques. Paris.Goncharenko, A. A. and Rossomakhin, A. A., 2019. Aleksey Chicherin: konstruktivizm voskresheniya (Deklaratsii, konstruemy, poeziya, memuary. Issledovaniya i kommentarii) [Alexey Chicherin: constructivism of resurrection (Declarations, constructs, poetry, memoirs. Research and comments)]. St. Petersburg (in Russ.).Gosudarstvennaya Tret'yakovskaya galereya: Katalog sobraniya. T. 1: Drevnerusskoe iskusstvo X — nachala XV veka [State Tretyakov Gallery: Collection catalogue. Vol. 1: Old Russian art of the 10th — early 15th centuries], 1995. Moscow (in Russ.).Grübel, R., 1981. Russischer Konstruktivismus. Künstlerische Konzeptionen, literarische Theorie und kultureller Kontext. Wiesbaden.Grübel, R., 2008. Abstraktion und Hypostase. Das Artefakt als Ding im Konstruktivismus Aleksej Cicerins. Wiener Slawistischer Almanach, bd. 71, S. 197—247.Hatin, E., 1866. Bibliographie historique et critique de la presse périodique française ou Catalogue systématique et raisonné. Paris.Janecek, G., 1984. The Look of Russian Literature: Avant-Garde Visual Experiments, 1900—1930. Princeton.Korabl' (Kaluga) [Ship (Kaluga)]. 1923, 1—2 (in Russ.).Le Diable boiteux. Impressions d’un spectateur. Gil Blas. 1907. 20 janvier, p. 1.Mena vsekh. Konstruktivisty poety [Exchange of all. Constructivist poets], 1924. Мoscow (in Russ.).Parnakh, V., 1922. Karabkaetsya akrobat [Acrobat climbing]. Paris (in Russ.).Rossomakhin, A., 2014. “About this”: visualization of the existential. In: Vladimir Mayakovsky: «PRO ETO»: Faksimil'noe izdanie. Stat'i. Kommentarii [Vladimir Mayakovsky: “About this”: Facsimile edition. Articles. Comment]. St. Petersburg, pp. 7—43 (in Russ.).Rossomakhin, A., 2019. Poet, phonologist, visual, designer: bibliography of publications by A. N. Chicherin and works about him. In: Aleksey Chicherin: konstruktivizm voskresheniya (Deklaratsii, konstruemy, poeziya, memuary. Issledovaniya i kommentarii) [Alexey Chicherin: constructivism of resurrection (Declarations, designs, poetry, memoirs. Research and comments)]. St. Petersburg, pp. 247—257 (in Russ.).Sakhno, I. M., 2009. Morfologiya russkogo avangarda [Morphology of the Russian avant-garde]. Moscow (in Russ.).Sakhno, I. M., 2011. Visual artifacts of poetic constructivism. In: Dom Burganova: Prostranstvo kul'tury [Burganov House: Space of Culture], 2, pp. 73—83 (in Russ.).Schmidt, H., 2000. Wortmusik, Schrifttanz, Textbilder, Intermediale Sprachkonzeptionen in der russischen Poesie des 20 Jahrhunderts. PhD dissertation. Bochum.Tsvigun, T. V. and Chernyakov, A. N., 2018, “The Word, an Ulcer…”: Aleksey Chicherin’s semiotic utopia. Slovo. ru: baltijskij accent [Slovo.ru: Baltic accent], 9 (4), pp. 78—92, https://doi.org/10.5922/2225-5346-2018-4-7 (in Russ.).Veselova, N. A., 2001. Verbal in visual poetry. In: Vnutrennie i vneshnie granitsy filologicheskogo znaniya: Materialy Letnei shkoly molodogo filologa [Internal and external boundaries of philological knowledge: Materials of the Summer School of Young Philologist]. Kaliningrad, pp. 101—105 (in Russ.).Vinokur, G. O., 2006. Kul'tura yazyka [Language culture]. Moscow (in Russ.).Zelinsky, K., 1924. Constructivism and poetry. In: Mena vsekh [Exchange of all]. Moscow, pp. 13—29 (in Russ.).Zelinsky, K., 1929. Poeziya kak smysl: Kniga o konstruktivizme [Poetry as meaning: A book about constructivism]. Moscow (in Russ.).Цифровая поэзия между печатной страницей и кинофильмом: разница структур субъектностиA. V.ShvetsLomonosov Moscow State Universityhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1492-2511This article delves into the early era of 'digital poetry', focusing on poems from the digital poetry collection First Screening (1984) by bpNichol — a poet renowned for his 'movies of words'. Two poems from this collection — 'Letter' and 'After the Storm' — were initially published in print, coming out in 1967 and 1973, respectively. The poet's creative journey from crafting 'poem-pictures' to producing 'poem-movies' sparks inquiries into the contrasting subjective frameworks of printed poems versus their digital adaptations translated into a media language akin to cinema.The author suggests analysing the layers of media mediation in printed and digital texts as distinct material conditions of communication prompting readers to encounter a 'moment of intensity', as Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht put it, and undergo a creative experience of es­trangement enabling them to connect with the subject behind the text. The variance in media mediation shapes specific subjective structures. In both cases, the subject behind the text is a submedial subject (Boris Groys). The structures of literary and cinematic imagination allow the recipient not so much to relate to the author as to acquire an unexpected co-author, a sub-medial subject capable of replacing the author's intention with another intention or compro­mi­sing the former. In printed text, identification is possible with the submedial subject, whereas in digital text, disidentification is feasible. The evolution from literary text through digital cinema to interactive digital forms highlights the difference between the recipients of literary and digital texts. The recipient of a literary text brings to life the narrative or a lyrical 'self', actively enga­ging with the text through imagination. The recipient of a digital text identifies with an 'ava­tar' capable of making choices that influence plot development but is less effective at enriching un­folding scenes and events with additional meanings.05292026839910.5922/2225-5346-2024-3-5https://journals.kantiana.ru/slovo/15682/79407/Barthes, R., 1984. Third Sense: Investigative Notes on Several Photograms of S. M. Eisenstein. In: Stroyenie fil’ma [Film Structure], Moscow, pp. 175—187 (in Russ.).Barthes, R., 1994. The Effect of Reality. In: R. Barthes, ed. Izbrannyye raboty. Semiotika. Poetika [Selected Works. Semiotics. Poetics]. Translated by G. K. Kosikov. Moscow, pp. 392—400 (in Russ.).Belavina, E. M., 2022. Poetry and Science: The Intransitive Writing of Denise Levertov and John Ashbery. Literatura dvukh Amerik [Literature of Two Americas], 12, pp. 143—157, https://doi.org/10.22455/2541-7894-2022-12-143-157 (in Russ.).Bluestone, G., 1957. Novels into Films. Baltimore.Davey, F., 2012. Aka bpNichol: A Preliminary Biography. Toronto.Dutton, P. Drawing the Poetic Line. Available at: https://www.thing.net/~grist/ ld/DTTN-BPV.HTM [Accessed 10 June 2023].Emerson, L., 2014. Reading Writing Interfaces. Minneapolis.Feshchenko, V. V., 2015. Corporeal deixis in experimental poetry: the experience of E. E. Cummings. Novoye literaturnoye obozreniye [New Literary Review], 135 (5), pp. 43—55 (in Russ.).Groys, B., 2003. The Medium Becomes a Message. Neprikosknovenyy zapas [The Untouchable Reserve], 6. Available at: https://magazines.gorky.media/nz/2003/6/ medium-stanovitsya-poslaniem.html [Accessed June 10, 2023] (in Russ.).Gumbrecht, H.-U., 2006. Proizvodstvo prisutstviya: Chego ne mozhet peredat’ znachenie [Production of Presence: What Meaning Can’t Convey]. Translated by S. Zenkin. Moscow (in Russ.).Gumbrecht, H. U., 2004. Production of Presence: What Meaning Cannot Convey. Stanford, CA.Huth, G., First Meaning: The Digital Poetry Incunabula of bpNichol. Available at: https://www.vispo.com/bp/geof. htm [Accessed 10 June 2023].Luriya, A. R., 1979. Yazyk i soznanie [Language and Consciousness]. Moscow (in Russ.).Ong, W., 1982. Orality and Literacy: Technologizing of the Word. London.Ryan, M.-L., 2006. Avatars of Story. Minneapolis.Shklovskiy, V. B., 1929. Art as Device. In: O teorii prozy [On the Theory of Prose]. Moscow, pp. 7—23 (in Russ.).Shvets, A. V., 2015. Verbal Gesture as a Possibility for Direct Transcription of Experience. Novoye literaturnoye obozreniye [New Literary Review], 135 (5), pp. 37—43 (in Russ.).Shvets, A. V., 2024. Letters on the Page and on the Screen: Concrete Poetry and “Movies of Words”. Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Seriya 9: Philologiya [Lomonosov Philology Journal. Series 9. Philology], 1, pp. 173—185, https://doi.org/10.55 959/MSU0130-0075-9-2024-47-01-14 (in Russ.).Sokolova, O. V., 2023. Transcoding in Contemporary Poetry: Visual and Audial Translatability. Novoye literaturnoye obozreniye [New Literary Review], 3 (181), pp. 173—187, https://doi.org/10.53953/08696365_2023_181_3_173 (in Russ.).Spinosa, D., 2018. Anarchists in the Academy. Alberta.Thompson, K., 1986. The Concept of Cinematic Excess. In: P. Rosen, ed. Narrative, Apparatus, Ideology: A Film Theory Reader. New York, pp. 163—174.Tynyanov, Yu. N., 1977. Poetika. Istoriya literatury. Kino [Poetics. Literary History. Cinema]. Moscow (in Russ.).Venediktova, T. D. and Romashko, S. A., 2024. Letter 3D: Artistic Practice, History, and Research Perspectives. Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Seriya 9: Philologiya [Lomonosov Philology Journal. Series 9. Philology], 1, pp. 186—200, https://doi. org/10.55959/MSU0130-0075-9-2024-47-01-15 (in Russ.).Voyce, C., 2013. Poetic Community: Avant-Garde Activism and Cold War Culture. Toronto.Watkins, L., 2013. Excess, Cinematic. In: E. Branigan and W. Buckland, eds. Encyclopaedia of Film Theory. New York, pp. 178—181.Wooler, K., 2013. Communication Codes and Critical Editing: Recognizing Materiality in the Work of bpNichol. MA Thesis, Dalhousie University, Halifax.Zarutsky, P., 2020. The mouse's tail, the Tower of Babel of letters and poems without words. What is visual poetry and how did poems turn into drawings in Europe. Nozh. Media [Knife. Media]. 21 March 2020. Available at: https://knife. media/visual-poetry/ [Accessed 10 June 2023] (in Russ.).Zholkovsky, A. K. and Shcheglov, Yu. K., 1975. On the Concepts of ‘Topic’ and ‘Poetic World’. In: Uchenye zapiski Tartuskogo gos. un-ta, Vyp. 365 [Scientific Notes of Tartu State University, iss. 365]. Tartu, рр. 173—167 (in Russ.).Язык описания цифровой поэзии: семиотический и ли­тературоведческий аспектыYu. A.GovorukhinaImmanuel Kant Baltic Federal Universityhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2675-5909There is a dearth of empirical literary studies devoted to digital literature, primarily due to the poor development of a methodological framework for analysing digital texts and a lack of clarity as regards the text/meaning-generating capacity of the new communication channel, the language of digital texts' literary meta-description and the limits of freedom in interpret­ing such volatile texts. This article attempts to answer these and other questions, providing a semiotic understanding of communication in the tech environment. It also proffers the idea of new pragmatics as the effect of volatile polycode digital text, interface and reception trajec­tory. It is shown that the instability of the digital channel plays a meaning-generating role in digital semiosis.The following principles are proposed as theoretically and methodologically significant for literary analysis of digital texts: a digital text does not preexist the act of communication; the meaning of an entire polycode digital text emerges at the intersection of words, images, video and audio; the activity of the recipient, in addition to that of producing meanings, includes material actions of text co-creation; the new tactility of communication should is a mandatory object of digital text analysis; when posted online, the recipient's reflection enables reconstructing the mechanisms guiding the reader through the text; meta-position in digital text analysis has the quality of relativity. A possible course of digital intermedial text analysis is proposed based on these considerations.0529202610011610.5922/2225-5346-2024-3-6https://journals.kantiana.ru/slovo/15682/79409/Asmus, V. F., 1962. Reading as work and creativity. Voprosy literatury [Problems of Literature], 9, pp. 34—46 (in Russ.).Barthes, R., 1994. Izbrannye raboty. Semiotika. Poetika [Selected works. Semiotics. Poetics]. Moscow (in Russ.).Beloedova, A. V. and Kozhemyakin, E. A., 2002. Multimodal communication in the focus of research reflection: a problem-oriented approach. Kritika i semiotika [Critique and Semiotics,], 2, pp. 54—70 (in Russ.).Borisova, I. E., 2000. Intermedial aspect of the interaction of music and literature in Russian romanticism [Intermedial aspect of the interaction of music and literature in Russian romanticism]. PhD dissertation. St. Petersburg (in Russ.).Campbell, A. and Alston, Ju. Magpiiie. Available at: https://dreamingmethods. com/portfolio/magpiiie/ [Accessed 22 November 2023].Campbell, A. Aphiddd. Available at: https://dreamingmethods.com/portfolio/ aphiddd/ [Accessed 22 November 2023].Campbell, A. Last Dream. Available at: https://dreamingmethods.com/portfolio/ last-dream [Accessed 22 November 2023].Costa, M., 1998. Il sublime tecnologico: Piccolo trattato di estetica della tecnologia. Roma.Dedova, О. V., 2012. Prospects for digital literature: a review of REGARDS CROISES: Perspectives on Digital Literature / Eds. P. Bootz, S. Baldwin. Morgantown: West Virginia University Press, 2010. Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie [New Literary Review], 3. Available at: https://www.nlobooks.ru/magazines/novoe_literaturnoe_ obozrenie/115_nlo_3_2012/article/18803 [Accessed 22 November 2023] (in Russ.).Fankkhauzer, K., 2012. New directions in digital poetry. New York.Haminova, A. A. and Zilberman, N. N., 2014. The theory of intermediality in the context of modern humanities. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta [Tomsk State University Journal], 389, pp. 38—45, https://doi.org/10.17223/15617793/389/5 (in Russ.).Jakobson, R., 1983. Poetry grammar and poetry grammar. In: Semiotika [Semiotics]. Moscow, pp. 462—482 (in Russ.).Kazuba, E. Svalka [Dump]. Available at: https://flashpoetry.narod.ru/index. htm [Accessed 20 November 2023] (in Russ.).Landow, G., 1992. Hypertext. The Convergence of Contemporary Critical Theory and Technology. Baltimore.Lanham, R. A., 1993. The Electronic Word: Democracy, Technology, and the Arts. Chicago; London.Lotman, Yu. M., 1996. Vnutri myslyashchikh mirov. Chelovek — tekst — semiosfera — istoriya [Inside thinking worlds. Man — text — semiosphere — history]. Moscow (in Russ.).Manovich, L., 2001. The Language of New Media. Cambridge.McLuhan, H. M., 2003. Ponimanie media: Vneshnie rasshireniya cheloveka [Understanding Media: Human External Extensions]. Translated by V. Nikolaev. Moscow (in Russ.).Müller, J., 1996. Intermedialität: Formen moderner kultureller Kommunikation. Münster.Nelson, T., 1987. Computer Lib/Dream Machines. Seattle; Washington.Paul, Ch., 2017. Tsifrovoe iskusstvo [Digital Art]. Translated by A. Glebovskaya. Moscow (in Russ.).Perloff, M., 1991. Radical Artifice. Writing Poetry in the Age of Media. Chicago.Strehovec, Ja., 2010. Digital poetry on the topic of metaphysics of “projective statements”. In: P. Bootz and S. Baldwin, eds. REGARDS CROISES: Perspectives on Digital Literature. Morgantown: West Virginia University Press. Available at: https:// www.researchgate.net/publication/296943882_Digital_poetry_beyond_the_metaphy sics_of_Projective_saying [Accessed 22 November 2023].Tishunina, N. V., 1998. Zapadnoevropeiskii simvolizm i problema sinteza iskusstv: opyt intermedial'nogo analiza [Western European symbolism and the problem of synthesis of arts: experience of intermedial analysis]. St. Petersburg (in Russ.).Tishunina, N. V., 2003. Interaction of arts in a literary work as a problem of comparative literature. Filologicheskie nauki [Philological sciences], 1, pp. 19—26 (in Russ.).Zagidullina, M. V., 2017. Intermediality in the era of total mediatization: how technologies influence literature and its theory. In: Pavermanovskie chteniya. Literatura. Muzyka. Teatr: sbornik nauchnykh trudov [Paverman readings. Literature. Music. Theater: collection of scientific works], Moscow, pp. 60—77 (in Russ.).Актуальные практики французского поэтического дискур­са: Кристиан Прижан, Мишель Финк, Анн-Джеймс ШатонE. M.BelavinaLomonosov Moscow State Universityhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4038-7815At the core of the contemporary literary process is the search for an effective extratextual communicative situation, which is especially relevant for books of poetry, whether in paper or electronic form.This article examines current practices of delivering poetic texts to readers through auditory perception. It focuses on contemporary French poets active between 1990 and 2022, representing three different groups and movements; in Russia, they are known only to a narrow circle of specialists. The study proposes a typology of in-situ and ex-situ strategies for delivering the sound of a poet's voice to the reader. To this end, audio and video recordings by Christian Prigent (born 1945), Michèle Finck (1960) and Anne-James Chaton (1970) are examined. Analysing the presentation of poetic works by comparison and juxtaposition leads one to conclude that authors pursue two strategies: individual playback and reading (book and CD sets) and group sessions (theatrical performances and poetry festivals). Beyond the customary dichotomy of the author's versus the actor's reading, one can distinguish hybrid types of voice preservation via delegation: incorporating a recording of the author's recitation into a theatrical production (Finck) and computer processing of the author's voice (Chaton). Contemporary poetry, especially French, persists in its quest for new codes for accessing the reader, seeking innovative forms of conveying vicarious experiences with transformative potency. Prigent, Finck, and Chaton fully harness the power of the sounding voice in their poetic work: distinctive intonations, prosody, and timbre become auditory 'anchors', substituting the mnemonic techniques of traditional poetic systems. The ancient power of vocal impact is augmented by modern technologies. Modern poetry, moving beyond its linguistic laboratory, seeks to transcend into other forms of art, gaining support from music and painting while exerting a polymodal impact on the addressee's imagination.0529202611712810.5922/2225-5346-2024-3-7https://journals.kantiana.ru/slovo/15682/79411/Cerquiglini, B., 1996. Le roman de l’orthographe. Au paradis des mots, avant la faute. Hatier, pp. 1150—1694.Chaton, A.-J., 2001. Événements 99, éditions Al Dante.Chaton, A.-J., 2011. Evènements 09, label Raster Noton.Chaton, A.-J., Événements 09. Available at: https:// https://www.last.fm/music/ Anne-James+Chaton/%C3%89v%C3%A9nements+09 [Accessed 2 November 2023].Christian Prigent: trou(v)er sa langue au Centre culturel international de Cerisy-la-salle du 30 juin au 7 juillet 2014. Available at: https://cerisy-colloques.fr/prigent-pub 2017/ (9782705694104_txt.indd (cerisy-colloques.fr) [Accessed 8 March 2024].Finck, M., 2007. L’Ouïe éblouie, Voix d’encre.Finck, M., 2008. Poésie et poétique du son en littérature comparée: pour une audiocritique. Bibliothèque comparatiste, 4. Available at: https://sflgc.org/bibliothe que/finck-michele-poesie-et-poetique-du-son-en-litterature-comparee-pour-une-au diocritique/ [Accessed 8 March 2024].Finck, M., 2012. Balbuciendo. Paris.Finck, M., 2019. Poésie Shéhé Résistance: Fragments pour voix. Paris.Finck, M., 2022. Poetry of Sheikhe Resistance: fragments for voice. Artikulyatsiya [Articulation], 19. Available at: http://articulationproject.net/14827 [Accessed 11 November 2023] (in Russ.).Iriskhanova, O. K., 2022. Polymodal discourse as an object of research. In: Polimodal'nye izmereniya diskursa [Polymodal dimensions of discourse]. Moscow, рр. 15—32 (in Russ.).Karpinskaya, I., 2013 The anatomy of the soul. Vozdukh [Air]. Available at: http://www.litkarta.ru/projects/vozdukh/issues/2013-1-2/karpinskaya?ysclid=lp lm4mhvch691275329 [Accessed 11 November 2023] (in Russ.).Korchagin, K. M., 2021. Gid po frantsuzskoi poezii vtoroi poloviny XX veka [Guide to French poetry of the second half of the 20th century]. Available at: https://knife. media/french-poetry/?ysclid=lplm37s0m4978217308 [Accessed 10 October 2023] (in Russ.).Lekhtsier, V. L., 2020. Poeziya i ee inoe [Poetry and its Other]. Ekaterinburg; Moscow (in Russ.).Moralès, G., 1997. L’escripture ça risqué au bout. In: Ch. Prigent, ed. L’Ecriture, ça crispe le mou… Alfil éditions. Paris, pp. 9—12.Née, P., 2019. Michèle Finck. Nu(e), 69. Paris, pp. 11—38.Perec, G., 1979. Un essai radiophonique de Georges Perec. Réalisation Nicole Pascot 1ère diffusion le 25 février 1979. Available at: https://www.radiofrance.fr/francecultu re/tentative-de-description-de-choses-vues-au-carrefour-mabillon-le-19-mai-1978-8 099914 [Accessed 2 Novenber 2023].Prigent, Ch, Vtoroi Moskovskii mezhdunarodnyi festival' poetov: uchastniki: Christian Prigent [The second Moscow International Festival of Poets: participants: Christian Prigent]. Available at: https:// http://www.vavilon.ru/festival/prigent.html [Accessed 12 October 2023] (in Russ.).Prigent, Ch., 1997. L’Ecriture, ça crispe le mou... Neuvy-le-Roi.Prigent, Ch., 2011. Compile. Paris.Skidan, A. V., 2007. Poetry in the era of total communication. Vozdukh [Air], 2. Available at: [http://www.litkarta.ru/projects/vozdukh/issues/2007-2/skidan? ysclid=ltii3bz6wc740685771] [Accessed 20 June 2023] (in Russ.).Sokolova, O. V., 2015. Diskursy aktivnogo vozdeistviya: teoriya i tipologiya [Discourses of active influence: theory and typology]. PhD dissertation. Moscow (in Russ.).Полимодальные поэтические практики Брайана Билстона: взаимодействие цифрового и аналогового форматовS. G.BusarevaNational Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorodhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6940-2193This article examines texts by the modern British poet Brian Bilston from the perspective of their semantic and syntactic organisation and the lines of the author's investigation into paralinguistic, i. e. visual, elements. To this end, it draws on contemporary research into complex communication objects — multimodal texts. The study provides an overview of the principles of new media: modularity, numerical representation, automation and variability. Formulated by Lev Manovich, these precepts find reflection in Bilston's poetic practices. It is shown that traditional paralinguistic means, such as the spatial arrangement of components or the use of colours, shapes and figures, are used to compose iconic texts where the actual similarity of the sign and the referent comes to the fore. A non-standard technique is described that utilises the font as an element of traditional polymodality to label the actor. The use of new media elements — computer interfaces, data visualisation and emojis — in poetic and meta-poetic functions is explored alongside an examination of conceptual metaphors illustrating reflection on a subject's individual experience — reflection couched in digital reality terms, such as 'filter', 'format' and 'function'. As for the referential correlation between verbal and visual components, the role of emojis is demonstrated in devising the structures of parallel, complementary and substitutive syntax in literary, public and advertising Internet communication. It is concluded that the choice between traditional and new visual components reflects how form and content interact in a text. The espousal of digital reality elements is linked to the poet's interest in the features of communicative relationships. The significance of the communicative format associated with the conceptualisation of digital reality is shown to perform a text-forming function in Bilston's poetic practices.0529202612914710.5922/2225-5346-2024-3-8https://journals.kantiana.ru/slovo/15682/79413/Babuk, A. V., 2023. The Semiotics of Emoji and Detection of Verbal threat in the Texts of Internet communication During the Forensic Linguistic Examination in the Republic of Belarus. In: Sovremennyi mediatekst i sudebnaya ekspertiza: mezhdistsiplinarnye svyazi i ekspertnaya otsenka: sbornik nauchnykh rabot [Modern Media Text and Forensic Examination: Interdisciplinary Connections and Expert Assessment: collection of scientific papers]. Moscow, pp. 16—33 (in Russ.).Chernyavskaya, V. E., 2021. Tekst i sotsial’nyi kontekst: Sotsiolingvisticheskii i diskursivnyi analiz smysloporozhdeniya [Text and social context: Sociolinguistic and discursive analysis of meaning generation] (in Russ.).Emoji Statistics. Available at: https://emojipedia.org/stats/ [Accessed 15 November 2023].Emoji tracker. Available at: https://emojitracker.com/ [Accessed 15 November 2023].Giannoulis, E. and Wilde, L. R. A., eds., 2020. Emoticons, kaomoji and emoji. The Transformation of Communication in the Digital Age. New York.Jakobson, R. O., 1975. Linguistics and Poetics. In: Strukturalizm: “za” i “protiv”: Sbornik statei [Structuralism: pros and cons: A collection of articles]. Moscow, pp. 193—230 (in Russ.).Kepes, G., 1969. The Language of Vision. Chicago.Krylov, Y. V., 2017. Emoji’s Semantics in the Virtual Dialogue. Vestnik Omskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta. Gumanitarnye issledovaniya [Review of Omsk State Pedagogical University. Humanitarian research], 2 (15), pp. 50—52 (in Russ.).Manovich, L., 2002. Data Visualization as New Abstraction and Anti-Sublime. Available at: http://manovich.net/content/04-projects/040-data-visualisation-as-new- abstraction-and-anti-sublime/37_article_2002.pdf [Accessed 24 June 2023].Manovich, L., 2017. Teorii soft-kul’tury [Theories of Soft Culture]. Nizhniy Novgorod (in Russ.).McCulloch, G., 2019. Because Internet: Understanding the New Rules of Language. New York.Memmott, T., 2006. Beyond taxonomy: digital poetics and the problem of reading. In: A. Morris and Th. Swiss, eds. New media poetics: contexts, technotexts, and theories. The MIT Press, pp. 293—306.Peirce, Ch. S., 2000. Izbrannye filosofskie proizvedeniya [Selected philosophical works]. Moscow (in Russ.).Perloff, M., 2006. Screening the page/paging the screen: digital poetics and the differential text. In: A. Morris and Th. Swiss, eds. New media poetics: contexts, technotexts, and theories. The MIT Press, pp. 143—162.Radbil, T. B., 2021. Active Processes in the Syntax of Modern Russian Speech in the Aspect of Linguo-Semiotic and Linguo-Cognitive Interpretation. Kritika i semiotika [Critique and Semiotics], 1, pp. 127—144, https://doi.org/10.25205/2307-1737-2021- 1-127-144 (in Russ.).Sauerbier, S. D., 1978. Wörter bildlich, Bilder wörtlich. Schrift und Bild als Text. Probleme der Wort-Bild-Korrelation. Die Einheit der semiotischen Dimensionen. Hrsg. von der Arbeitsgruppe Semiotik. Tübingen, S. 27—93.Sokolova, O. V., 2014. Tipologiya diskursov aktivnogo vozdeistviya: poeticheskii avangard, reklama i PR [Typology of Active Impact Discourses: Poetic avant-garde, Advertising and PR]. Moscow (in Russ.).Zakharkiv, E., 2021. Contemporary Poetry in the Digital Age: A New Function of Pragmatic Markers. Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie [New Literary Review], 167, pp. 211—221 (in Russ.).M.Krongauz0529202623.08.202423.08.2024Представления о границах личного пространства и такте в русской коммуникативной культуре (по данным социолингвистического эксперимента)O. S.IssersDostoevsky Omsk State UniversityPushkin State Russian Language Institutehttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4027-6346This article discusses the results of a survey underlying a reconstruction of ideas about tact and tactlessness in Russian communicative culture.The author considers the concept of tact to be a communicative strategy within the cate­gory of politeness that is closely related to native speakers' notion about the boundaries of private space. Thus, tact is defined as a communicative strategy driven by the speaker's desire to avoid infringing on the private space of their interlocutor. Moreover, ideas about the boundaries of private space and tact are among the most significant elements in describing a national communicative culture.This study focuses on the tactless question as a typical way of violating private space boundaries. The survey questionnaire was based on interviewee behaviour observations, with one interviewee labelling the interviewer's questions tactless or indecent. It was established that the presence of an immediate addressee and a mass audience sets the parameters for eval­uating public statements in terms of their acceptability or face-threatening potential.This study aims to analyse the informants' assessment of 'tactless' questions proposed in the questionnaire as regards their appropriateness in public communication. The survey re­sults are divided into the following thematic blocks corresponding to communication risk zones: age, family and marriage, religion and sex. The quantitative findings provide infor­ma­tion on the social norms intuitively classified by Russian native speakers as preventing intru­sion into private space. They also give an insight into the effect of age characteristics on sta­tement evaluations. Informants' responses tend to exhibit ambiguity in assessments, high­ligh­ting the variability of contemporary perceptions regarding tact and tactlessness, thereby ref­lecting shifts in social norms.0529202615017110.5922/2225-5346-2024-3-9https://journals.kantiana.ru/slovo/15684/79418/Altman, I., 1975. The environment and social behavior. Privacy, personal space, crowding. New York.Amirov, V. M. and Mamedova, S. Ya., 2021. Interviews: from the classic genre to modern formats (using the example of the pro-grams “Wdud” and “How to talk?”). Izvestiya Ural'skogo federal'nogo universiteta. Seriya 1. Problemy obrazovaniya, nauki i kul'tury [Izvestia of the Ural federal university. Series 1. Problems of education, science and culture], 27 (3), pp. 30—37, https://doi.org/10.15826/izv1.2021.27.3.052 (in Russ.).Bazhenova, Ju. A., 2015. The Development of the Notion of Communicative Culture in the Humanities and Social Sciences. Izvestiya Ural'skogo federal'nogo universiteta. Seriya 1. Problemy obrazovaniya, nauki i kul'tury [South Ural State Humanitarian Pedagogical University Bulletin], 2, pp. 33—41(in Russ.).Borzunova, A. K., 2012. Communicative Failures as a Result of Violation of Speech Etiquette. Molodoi uchenyi [Young Scientist], 8, pp. 79—83 (in Russ.).Brown, P. and Levinson, S. C., 1987. Politeness: Some universals in language usage. Cambridge.Culture and communication. In: Kul'tura v zhizni [Culture in life]. Available at: http://www.culttoday.ru/cultstorys-10-1.html [Accessed 7 March 2024].Dementev, V. V., 2016. Rechezhanrovye kommunikativnye tsennosti v novykh i noveishikh sferakh russkoi rechi [Speech and genre communicative values in new and emerging areas of Russian Speech]. Saratov (in Russ.).Deryabin, Yu. I. and Deryabina, V. A., 2011. Private space as a figurative and symbolic reality. Aktual'nye problemy gumanitarnykh i estestvennykh nauk [Current problems in the humanities and natural sciences], 4. Available at: https://cyberlenin ka.ru/article/n/lichnostnoe-prostranstvo-kak-obrazno-simvolicheskaya-realnost [Accessed 7 March 2024].Dzyaloshinskii, I. M., 2022. Kommunikatsiya i kommunikativnaya kul'tura [Communication and communicative culture]. Moscow. Available at: https://www.iprbook shop.ru/115017.html [Accessed 4 March 2024].Frolova, O. E., 2018. Genre impoliteness (by example of interview). In: Vezhlivost' i antivezhlivost' v yazyke i kommunikatsii: materialy Mezhdunarodnoi nauchnoi konferentsii [Politeness and Anti-politeness in Language and Communication: Materials of the International Scientific Conference]. 23—24 October 2018. Moscow, pp. 277—286 (in Russ.).Gadamer, H. G., 1988. Istina i metod: Osnovy filosofskoi germenevtiki [Truth and Method: Basics of Philosophical Hermeneutics]. B. N. Bessonov, ed. Moscow (in Russ.).Goffman, E., 1959. The presentation of self in everyday life. New York.Goffman, E., 1967. Interaction Ritual: Essays on Face-to-Face Behavior. New York.Issers, O. S., 2018. The Borderline between the “Decent” and “Indecent” in Public Communication (as in the Case of Interview by Yury Dud). In: Vezhlivost' i antivezhlivost' v yazyke i kommunikatsii: materialy Mezhdunarodnoi nauchnoi konferentsii [Politeness and Anti-politeness in Language and Communication: Materials of the International Scientific Conference]. 23—24 October 2018. Moscow, pp. 94—103 (in Russ.).Issers, O. S., 2023. Tactless question as a communicative problem in Russian speech culture. Russian Language Abroad, 5. pp. 22—30. https://doi.org/10.37632/PI. 2023.300.5.003 (in Russ.).Ivanov, L. Yu., Skovorodnikov, A. P., Shiryaev, E. N. et al, eds., 2007. Kul'tura russkoi rechi: entsiklopedicheskii slovar'-spravochnik [Russian Speech Culture: Encyclopedic Dictionary and Reference]. Moscow (in Russ.).Korobova, N. V., 2014. The principle of tact and strategies of politeness in communication. Human. Culture. Education, 2 (12), pp. 166—173 (in Russ.).Larina, T., 2015. Culture-Specific Communicative Styles as a Framework for Interpreting Linguistic and Cultural Idiosyncrasies. International Review of Pragmatics. no. 7. pp. 195—215, https://doi.org/10.1163/18773109-00702003.Larina, T. V., 2009. Kategoriya vezhlivosti i stil' kommunikatsii. Sopostavlenie angliiskikh i russkikh lingvokul'turnykh traditsii [The Category of Politeness and the Style of Communication. Comparison of English and Russian Linguocultural Traditions]. Moscow (in Russ.).Larina, T. V., 2018. Politeness, impoliteness and rudeness from the perspective of intercultural communication. In: Vezhlivost' i antivezhlivost' v yazyke i kommunikatsii: materialy Mezhdunarodnoi nauchnoi konferentsii [Politeness and Anti-politeness in Language and Communication: Materials of the International Scientific Conference]. 23—24 October 2018. Moscow, pp. 133—144 (in Russ.).Leech, G. N., 1983. Principles of Pragmatics. London; New York.Leech, G. N., 2007. Politeness: Is there an East-West Divide? Journal of Politeness Research, 3 (2), pp. 167—206.Lotman, Yu. M., 2010. Articles on the typology of culture. Culture and information. In: Yu. M. Lotman, ed. Semiosfera [The Semiosphere]. St. Petersburg, pp. 392—461 (in Russ.).Nartova-Bochaver, S. K., 2002. The concept of “psychological space of the personality” and its heuristic capabilities. Psikhologicheskaya nauka i obrazovanie [Psychological Science and Education], 1, pp. 35—41 (in Russ.).Prokhorov, Yu. E. and Sternin, I. A., 2002. Russkie: kommunikativnoe povedenie [Russians: communicative behavior]. Moscow (in Russ.).Sakhnova, E. B., 2013. Genre of Interview and its Modifications. Izvestiya Saratovskogo universiteta. Nov. ser. Ser. Filologiya. Zhurnalistika [Izvestiya of Saratov University. Philology. Journalism], 4, pp. 98—103, https://doi.org/10.18500/1817-7115- 2013-13-4-98-103 (in Russ.).Sternin, I. A. and Sternina, M. A., eds., 2001. Ocherk amerikanskogo kommunikativnogo povedeniya [An essay on American communicative behavior]. Voronezh (in Russ.).Sternin, I. A., 2008. Izbrannye raboty. Teoreticheskie i prikladnye problemy yazykoznaniya [Selected Works. Theoretical and Practical Issues of Language Studies]. Voronezh (in Russ.).Stolyarov, V. I., 2003. Philosophical-cultural analysis of the communicative culture. Voprosy Filosofii [Problems of Philosophy], 4, pp. 78—91 (in Russ.).Vikulina, M. A. and Smirnova, N. M., 2010. Kul'tura obshcheniya v studencheskoi srede vuza [Culture of communication among the students of the university]. Nizhny Novgorod (in Russ.).Vinokur, G. O., 2010. Izbrannye raboty po yazykoznaniyu i kul'ture rechi [Selected Works on Language Studies and Speech Culture]. Moscow (in Russ.).Wahl-Jorgensen, K., 2020. An emotional turn in journalism studies? Digital Journalism, 8 (2), pp. 175—194, https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2019.1697626.Zappettini, F., Ponton, D. M. and Larina, T. V., 2021. Emotionalisation of contemporary media discourse: A research agenda. Russian Journal of Linguistics, 25 (3), pp. 586—610, https://doi.org/10.22363/2687-0088-2021-25-3-586-610.Zhukov, V. Yu., 1997. Osnovy teorii kul'tury [Fundamentals of the theory of culture]. St. Petersburg (in Russ.).Zhupinskaya, A. V., 2022. Privacy protection strategy and language means of its realization in media interviews. The Bulletin of Minsk State Linguistic University. Series 1: Philology, 4 (119), pp. 14—21 (in Russ.).Мать, жена, по­друга: семантика и прагматика одного обращенияM. A.KrongauzPushkin State Institute of Russian Languagehttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2956-0565K. S.KlokovaMoscow Institute of Physics and Technologyhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6650-1946V. A.ShulginovPushkin State Institute of Russian Languagehttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2217-3677T. A.YudinaMoscow Institute of Physics and Technologyhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6631-2128This article explores the semantic and pragmatic features of the word 'mother' when used as a term of address. It examines secondary uses of the term in literary texts from the 1780s to the present, a sample of 4,272 tokens, alongside dictionary definitions. The study revealed that, in different communicative situations, the term 'mother' can convey a range of some­times contradictory attributes such as 'patronage', 'superiority', 'dependency', 'strictness', 'kindness', 'overfamiliarity' and other nuanced semantic traits. The metaphor of family is extended into a broader social context and can transcend societal boundaries to enter the realm of abstraction.The cluster model by George Lakoff, which allows for the coexistence of transfer models in secondary usage, is suggested as a tool to describe the pragmatics of addressing a person as a 'mother'. However, unlike Lakoff's works, this study applies the cluster model not to idealised cognitive models — those of birth, genetics, upbringing, and others — but a system of the usage of the word 'mother' as a term of address encompassing diverse metaphorical transfer.0529202617218910.5922/2225-5346-2024-3-10https://journals.kantiana.ru/slovo/15684/79419/Arutyunova, N. D., 1977. Nomination and text. (Nomination — address). In: Yazykovaya nominatsiya. Vidy naimenovanii [Language nomination. Types of naming], pp. 340—344 (in Russ.).Balakai, A. G., 2001. Slovar' russkogo rechevogo etiketa [Dictionary of Russian speech etiquette]. 2nd ed. Moscow (in Russ.).Balakai, A. А., 2005. Etiketnye obrashcheniya: funktsional'no-semanticheskii i leksikograficheskii aspekty [Etiquette addresses: functional-semantic and lexicographical aspects]. PhD dissertation. Moscow (in Russ.).Bol'shoj tolkovyj slovar' russkogo yazyka: A—Ya [Big explanatory dictionary of the Russian language: A-Ya]. 1998. S. A. Kuznetsov (ed.). St. Petersburg (in Russ.).Buras, M. M. and Krongauz, M. A., 2013. Terms of address in Russian family etiquette: Semantics and pragmatics. Voprosy Jazykoznanija [Topics in the study of language], 2, pp. 121—131 (in Russ.).Dal, V. I., 1911. Tolkovyi slovar' zhivogo velikorusskogo yazyka: v 4 t. [Explanatory dictionary of the living Great Russian language: in 4 vols.]. Vol. 4. 3d ed. St. Petersburg; Moscow (in Russ.).Evgen'eva, A. P., 1984. Slovar' russkogo yazyka: v 4 t. [Dictionary of the Russian language: in 4 volumes]. Vol. 2. 2nd ed. Moscow (in Russ.).Grigorieva, T. M., 2024. Mother and Mama: the history of word usage. In: Tezisy dokladov VII Mezhdunarodnoi konferentsii «Kul'tura russkoi rechi» (Grotovskie chteniya) [Theses of reports of the VII International Conference “Culture of Russian Speech” (Grotov Readings)]. 5—7 March 2024. Moscow, pp. 49—50 (in Russ.).Krongauz, M. A., 2023. Semantic and pragmatic transformations of the Russian word Matushka ‘Mother’. Russian language abroad, 5, pp. 48—56, https://doi.org/10. 37632/PI.2023.300.5.007 (in Russ.).Krongauz, M. A., Klokova, K. S., Shulginov, V. A. and Yudina, T. A., 2023. Semantic transformation of the noun mamochka: from ‘wife’ to ‘cannon’. Slovo.ru: Baltic accent, 14 (4), pp. 105—124, https://doi.org/10.5922/2225-5346-2023-4-6 (in Russ.).Lakoff, J., 2004. Zhenshchiny, ogon' i opasnye veshchi: Chto kategorii yazyka govoryat nam o myshlenii [Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things: What the Categories of Language Tell Us About Thinking]. Moscow (in Russ.).Morkovkin, V. V., Bogachyova, G. F. and Lutskaya, N. M., 2016. Bol'shoi universal'nyi slovar' russkogo yazyka [Big Universal Dictionary of the Russian Language]. Moscow (in Russ.).Natsional'nyi korpus russkogo yazyka [The Russian National Corpus]. Available at: https://ruscorpora.ru/ [Accessed 4 January 2024] (in Russ.).Ozhegov, S. I. and Shvedova, N. Yu., 1997. Tolkovyi slovar' russkogo yazyka [Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language]. 4th ed. Moscow (in Russ.).Slovar' Akademii Rossiiskoi: v 6 t. [Dictionary of Russian Academy: in 6 volumes]. 1789—1794. Vol. 1—6. St. Petersburg (in Russ.).Slovar' tserkovno-slavyanskogo i russkogo yazyka, sostavlennyi Vtorym Otdeleniem Imperatorskoi Akademii nauk: v 4 t. [Dictionary of Church Slavonic and Russian, compiled by the Second Department of the Imperial Academy of Sciences: in 4 vols.]. 1847. St. Petersburg (in Russ.).Sorokin, U. S., 1992—2001. Slovar' russkogo yazyka XVIII v. [Dictionary of the Russian language of the 18th century]. Vol. 7—19. St. Petersburg (in Russ.).Sternin, I. A., 1996. Russkii rechevoi etiket [Russian speech etiquette]. Voronezh, 125 p. (in Russ.).Ushakov, D. N., ed., 1940. Tolkovyi slovar' russkogo yazyka: v 4 t. [Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language: in 4 volumes]. Vol. 4. Moscow (in Russ.).Двадцатилетние знают слово чувак, или О втором рождении сленговой единицыI. V.FufaevaRussian State University for the HumanitiesThis article examines the pragmatic meaning of the slang lexeme chuvak [dude], primar­ily when used as an address. The study aims to identify the components of this pragmatic meaning that contributed to the resurgence of the lexical unit in the 21st century after a peri­od of usage decline and oblivion. Currently, the word chuvak is an integral part of youth vernacular.The pragmatics of the word chuvak was analysed by methods of corpus analysis and questionnaire survey. It was concluded that within the slang of the 1950s' stilyaga subcul­ture, the term chuvak developed strong associations with American music, particularly jazz, and American culture overall. These associations, alongside other features of the pragmatic component, such as designation as slang, contributed to the re-emergence the word at the end of the 20th century. At the time, the word was extensively used in the Russian dubbing of American films to render the English word 'dude', thus becoming familiar to younger genera­tions.0529202619020210.5922/2225-5346-2024-3-11https://journals.kantiana.ru/slovo/15684/79421/Efremova, T. F., 2006. Sovremennyi tolkovyi slovar' russkogo yazyka: v 3 t. [Modern explanatory dictionary of the Russian language: in 3 volumes]. Moscow (in Russ.).Elistratov, V. S., 2000. Slovar' russkogo argo: materialy 1980—1990 gg.: Okolo 9000 slov, 3000 idiomaticheskikh vyrazhenii [Dictionary of Russian Argot: materials of 1980—1990: About 9,000 words, 3,000 idiomatic expressions]. Moscow (in Russ.).Fufaeva, I. and Sobko, E., 2021. The Usage of Gender-neutral Friendly Addresses in the Russian Language on the Example of the Address CHuvak ‘Dude’. In: Computational Linguistics and Intellectual Technologies Papers from the Annual International Conference “Dialogue”. Issue 20 Supplementary volume, pp.1206—1214.Fufaeva, I. V., 2024. On the history of Russian Argoticism chuvikha. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature [Bulletin of St. Petersburg University. Language and literature] (in print) (in Russ.).Grachev, M. A., 2003. Slovar' tysyacheletnego russkogo argo: 27 000 slov i vyrazhenii [The dictionary of the millennial Russian argot: 27,000 words and expressions]. Moscow (in Russ.).Krongauz, M. A. and Fufaeva, I. V., 2024. Gender shift in the pragmatics of addresses. ShAGI/STEPS (in print) (in Russ.).Kuznetsov, S. A., 1998. Bol'shoi tolkovyi slovar' russkogo yazyka [Great Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language]. Moscow (in Russ.).Lopatin, V. V. and Ivanova, O. E., eds., 2013. Russkii orfograficheskii slovar' [Russian spelling dictionary]. 4th ed. Moscow (in Russ.).Priemysheva, M. N., 2009. Tainye i uslovnye yazyki v Rossii XIX veka: v 2 ch. [Secret and conditional languages in Russia in the 19th century. In 2 parts]. Part 2 Applications. St. Petersburg (in Russ.).Ufimtseva, A. A., 1988. The role of vocabulary in a person’s cognition of reality and the formation of a linguistic picture of the world. In: Rol' chelovecheskogo faktora v yazyke: Yazyk i kartina mira [The role of the human factor in language: Language and the picture of the world]. Moscow, pp. 108—140 (in Russ.).Utkin, S. S., 1962. Ocherki po marksistsko-leninskoi etike [Essays on Marxist-Leninist ethics] Мoscow (in Russ.).Velký rusko-český slovník, 1964. Praha. T. 6.Обращение по имени, межличностное взаимодействие и социальное лицо (на материале русского языка)D. M.KolyadovInstitute for Linguistic Studies of the Russian Academy of Scienceshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2860-5517This article describes the vocative use of first names. The literature cites addressing a person by a given name as the preferential mode of politeness when the addressee's name is known to the speaker. The study aims to clarify this idea, demonstrating limitations on using first names imposed by the interactional context. It also seeks to examine the role of given names and terms of address in general from the perspective of linguistic politeness. The data used in the study consists of fragments of spontaneous interactions from the Russian Nation­al Corpus and native speakers' metapragmatic commentaries collected by the author. The methodology draws on Penelope Brown and Stephen Levinson's theory of linguistic polite­ness. The literature review and data analysis revealed two interactional contexts where ad­dressing by a given name is foregone or does not seem to be preferential despite the speaker's acquaintance with the corresponding term of identification: communication between family members and service encounters. For some pieces of data, a description framed in terms of linguistic politeness appears to be suitable. Yet, a first-name address can function as not only a mitigating device but also a potential face-threatening act. Finally, there are many instances where politeness issues do not seem relevant. In these cases, it seems appropriate to describe the vocative function as a background operation to maintain social relations.0529202620321810.5922/2225-5346-2024-3-12https://journals.kantiana.ru/slovo/15684/79423/Категория вежливости: русские императивные речевые кли­ше в диалогеN. G.BraginaPushkin State Russian Language Institutehttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0281-2067This study identifies and characterises a class of lexical units — imperative speech cli­chés, exemplified by expressions such as krepis'! [hold on!], prekrati! [stop it!] or ne lez' [back off!]. It defines the concept of imperative speech clichés and investigates the role of pragmati­cisation in their formation. The general properties of imperative clichés are described: most are either never employed with the negative particle ne [not] or are utilised exclusively with this particle. In speech communication, they function as reactions-impulses, i. e. the addresser uses one when reacting to the addressee's previous remark or their behaviour, simultaneously en­couraging the addressee to perform an action or refrain from it. A significant part of impera­tive cliches, especially reactions-impulses, are formed with perfective verbs. The use and func­tioning of imperative clichés in speech are central topics in describing the category of polite­ness, particularly in impolite and anti-polite communication.This study aims to examine the functioning of imperative speech clichés in terms of the category of politeness. The data used in the research consisted of categorical appeals used in speech acts to interrupt or prohibit contact. A collection of examples from the Russian Na­tional Corpus — about a hundred tokens — was compiled to this end. The method of lexico­graphic description was employed to prepare a test article for the otstan'! [leave me alone!] speech cliché. Linguistic description and dictionary representation of imperative speech cli­chés are central to a comprehensive description of the category of politeness category.0529202621923310.5922/2225-5346-2024-3-13https://journals.kantiana.ru/slovo/15684/79425/Benacchio, R., 2002. Aspectual Competition, Politeness and Etiquette in the Russian Imperative. Russian Linguistics, 26, pp. 149—178, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:10 16149316524 (in Russ.).Berger, P. and Lukman, T., 1995. Social'noe konstruirovanie real'nosti. Traktat po sociologii znaniya [The Social Construction of Reality. A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge]. Translated by E. D. Rutkevich. Moscow, 323 p. (in Russ.).Bogdanova-Beglaryan, N. V., 2014. Pragmatic items in everyday speech: definition of the concept and general typology. Vestnik Permskogo universiteta [Perm University Herald], 3 (27), pp. 7—20 (in Russ.).Bragina, N. G., 2018. Politeness as impoliteness: at the junction of different cultural norms and rules, In: I. A. Sharonov, ed. Vezhlivost' i antivezhlivost' v yazyke i kommunikacii [Politeness and Impoliteness in Language and Communication]. Moscow, pp. 38—44 (in Russ.).Bragina, N. G., 2023. Speech cliches: aspects of linguistic study. Russian Language Abroad, 5, pp. 10—15, https://doi.org/10.37632/PI.2023.300.5.001 (in Russ.).Brown, P. and Levinson, S. C., 1988. Politeness: Some universals in language usage. Cambridge, 345 p.Frolova, O. E., 2018. Genre impoliteness (by example of interview). In: Vezhlivost' i antivezhlivost' v yazyke i kommunikatsii: materialy Mezhdunarodnoi nauchnoi konferentsii [Politeness and Anti-politeness in Language and Communication: Materials of the International Scientific Conference]. 23—24 October 2018. Moscow, pp. 277—286 (in Russ.).Graf, E., 2018. Irony as a (form of) hidden “anti-politeness”? 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This article examines cases of compliment usage as an independent act (speech genre) and within other speech genres, such as requests, gratitude expressions, consolations and condemnations, where a compliment amplifies or mitigates the speaker's intention.0529202623424610.5922/2225-5346-2024-3-14https://journals.kantiana.ru/slovo/15684/79427/Alpatov, V. M., 2002. The problem of speech genres in the works of M. M. Bakhtin. In: Zhanry rechi [Genres of speech]. 3. Saratov, pp. 92—104 (in Russ.).Bakhtin, M. M., 1979. Problems of speech genres. In: Estetika slovesnogo tvorchestva [Aesthetics of verbal creativity]. Moscow, pp. 237—280 (in Russ.).Bakhtin, M. M., 1996. Problema rechevykh zhanrov [The problem of speech genres]. Vol. 5. Moscow, pp. 159—206 (in Russ.).Balashova, L. V. and Dementev, V. V., 2022. Russkie rechevye zhanry [Russian speech genres]. Moscow (in Russ.).Fedosyuk, M. Yu., 1996. Complex genres of colloquial speech: “consolation” and “persuasion”. In: T. V. Matveeva, ed. 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