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<doi_batch xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://www.crossref.org/schema/5.3.1" xmlns:jats="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/JATS1" xmlns:fr="http://www.crossref.org/fundref.xsd" xmlns:ai="http://www.crossref.org/AccessIndicators.xsd" version="5.3.1"><head><doi_batch_id>NONE</doi_batch_id><timestamp>20260531032415026</timestamp><depositor><depositor_name>Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University</depositor_name><email_address>no-reply@journals.kantiana.ru</email_address></depositor><registrant>Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University</registrant></head><body><journal><journal_metadata><full_title>Kantian Journal</full_title><issn media_type="print">0207-6918</issn><issn media_type="electronic">2310-3701</issn></journal_metadata><journal_issue><publication_date media_type="print"><month>05</month><day>31</day><year>2026</year></publication_date><journal_volume><volume>38</volume></journal_volume><issue>3</issue></journal_issue><journal_article publication_type="full_text"><titles><title>The Real Target of Kant’s “Refutation”</title></titles><contributors><person_name sequence="first" contributor_role="author"><given_name>Horácio de Sá Pereira</given_name><surname>Roberto</surname></person_name></contributors><jats:abstract><jats:p>Kant was never satisfied with the version of his “Refutation” published in 1787 (KrV, B 275-279). His dissatisfaction is already evident in the footnote added to the preface of the second edition of the Critique in 1787. As a matter of fact, Kant continued to rework his argument for at least six years after 1787. The main exegetical problem is to figure out who is the target of the “Refutation”: a non-sceptic idealist or a global sceptic of Cartesian provenance or both. In this last case, a related problem is to know whether either of them is the Cartesian sceptic of the first Meditation, the idealist sceptic of the second Meditation and first part of the third Meditation, or some other non-sceptic idealist. I present and defend a new reconstruction of Kant’s “Refu­tation” as a successful argument against Mendelssohnian idealism of Cartesian provenance. This defence is based on a simple logical sketch of the proof provided by Dicker, but essentially modified in the light of Dyck’s insight about Kant’s opponent. How shall I support my reading? First, by appealing to overwhelming textual evidence according to which the proof is of the existence of mind-independent things, showing that Kant’s main opponent is Mendelssohn’s idealism of Cartesian provenance. Finally, I support my reading by showing that Kant’s “Refutation” is doomed to fail against all forms of global scepticism, but is quite successful against Mendelssohn’s idealism.</jats:p></jats:abstract><publication_date media_type="print"><month>05</month><day>31</day><year>2026</year></publication_date><pages><first_page>1</first_page><last_page>1</last_page></pages><citation_list><citation key="1"><unstructured_citation>Allison, H. E., 2004. Kant’s Transcendental Idealism. 2nd edition. New Haven: Yale University Press.</unstructured_citation></citation><citation key="2"><unstructured_citation>Almeida, G. A. de, 2013. Kant e a Refutação do Idealismo II. 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Part I</title></titles><contributors><person_name sequence="first" contributor_role="author"><given_name>N. Krouglov</given_name><surname>A.</surname></person_name></contributors><jats:abstract><jats:p>Kant’s concept of Gesinnung reveals the whole range of its problematic potential when it has to be translated into other languages: there are no ready-made equivalents. The problem stems from the evolution of this concept in Kant himself from the pre-Critical (“mode of thinking”, “convictions”, “virtuousness”, “virtues”, “sentiments”, “inclinations”, “aspirations”) to the critical works and then in the Critical period in Religion within the Bounds of Bare Reason. Further problems arise from the complex pre-Kant­ian history of the concept of Gesinnung which influenced Kant’s philosophy. 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What distinguishes these books is that they were all written specially for women. While such works were fairly common in France and Italy during this period, they had something of an exotic character in the German-speaking world. Today these works and their authors are generally seen as secondary and marginal. Nevertheless, they may be of substantial interest in the study of the history of the formation of logic, a fundamental and still relevant discipline in university education. What is the status of logic for women? Is it a kind of publishing by-product paraphrasing classical logic textbooks under a new and unusual title or do they represent a new independent branch? To answer these questions I analyse the chosen works on logic and the reviews which they prompted. I demonstrate that logic manuals for women published in Germany in the second half of the eighteenth century constitute one of the numerous varieties of the popular philosophy genre. Simple language, dialogic or epistolary form, practical orientation and eclecticism — all this brings logic within the intellectual reach of any civilised person, providing him/her with an instrument of performing their own mission, i. e. the employment of their reason. The very fact that the content of logic for women is practically no different from the content of classical compendiums was a revolutionary development, a practical implementation of the postulate that logic is universal and can be understood by everyone, a principle formulated earlier in the works of C. Thomasius and C. Wolff.</jats:p></jats:abstract><publication_date media_type="print"><month>05</month><day>31</day><year>2026</year></publication_date><pages><first_page>1</first_page><last_page>1</last_page></pages><citation_list><citation key="1"><unstructured_citation>Anon., 1759. Neufchatel (Rev.: F. J. Durand, Aglaé philosophe ou Cours de Philosophie à la portée des Dames. Neufchatel, 1757, 330 p.). 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Philosophisches Lexicon, darinnen die in allen Theilen der Philosophie, als Logic, Metaphysic, Physic, Pneumatic, Ethic, natürlichen Theologie und Rechts-Gelehrsamkeit, wie auch Politic fürkommenden Materien und Kunst-Wörter erkläret, und aus der Historie erläutert; die Streitigkeiten der ältern und neuern Philosophen erzehlet, die dahin gehörigen Bücher und Schriften angeführet, und alles nach Alphabetischer Ordnung vorgestellet werden, mit nöthigen Registern versehen. Leipzig: Gleditsch.</unstructured_citation></citation></citation_list></journal_article><journal_article publication_type="full_text"><titles><title>Freedom and Arbitrariness. The Relevance of Kant’s Ethics and the Modern World. Report of the 16th Saratov Philosophical Workshop (Saratov, 14 May 2019)</title></titles><contributors><person_name sequence="first" contributor_role="author"><given_name>I. Tetjuev</given_name><surname>L.</surname></person_name><person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author"><given_name>V. Lebedeva</given_name><surname>A.</surname></person_name></contributors><jats:abstract><jats:p>This review presents the discussion on “Freedom and Arbitrariness. The Relevance of Kant’s Ethics and the Modern World”, which took place at the 16th Philosophical Workshop “I. Kant and the Current Problems of Modern Philosophy” held in Saratov on 14 May 2019. The discussion was organised by the Department of Ethics and Esthetics at the Philosophical Faculty of the N. G. Chernyshevsky Saratov State University and the Department of Ontology and Epistemology of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (Moscow). The discussion of Kant’s treatment of the problem of freedom was prompted by the historical and philosophical context of the perception of his ideas by German and Russian Neo-Kantians as reflected in the presentations and interventions during the course of the discussion.</jats:p></jats:abstract><publication_date media_type="print"><month>05</month><day>31</day><year>2026</year></publication_date><pages><first_page>1</first_page><last_page>1</last_page></pages></journal_article></journal></body></doi_batch>
