NONE20260531103209649Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal Universityno-reply@journals.kantiana.ruImmanuel Kant Baltic Federal UniversityKantian Journal0207-69182310-370105312026354L.KalinnikovThe tragedy Boris Godunov occupies a unique place in A. S. Pushkin’s oeuvre. It was a turning point, when the author needed the whole power of his poetical genius, when a work beyond traditional literary and aesthetic styles, which interchange and establish a canon of a new style that transforms its predecessors in an act of creativity, appeared in Russian culture. Boris Godunov marked the birth of an individual author’s style in Russian art. A unique literary world — the world of Pushkin — manifested itself in a work of art. This article sets out to prove the influence of Kant’s philosophical and legal ideas on A. S. Pushkin during the poet’s work on Boris Godunov. Kant’s thought that the people is the only monarch and that legislative power is vested in it in a rule-of-law state is the central idea of the tragedy. When working on Boris Godunov, Pushkin not only studied the Critique of Judgement but he also read Kant’s works on epistemological theory. In his tragedy, Pushkin was guided by Kant’s ideas of state and law and strived to make it obvious that the people is the only monarch and source of political and legislative power. The tragedy of the people is that it does not know it and the mission of the educated class is to make the people aware of its powers and educate it. Law cannot exist beyond the people’s consciousness — everything else is despotism and a tyranny.05312026111. Alekseev M. P., 1984, K istochnikam «Podrazhanij drevnim» Pushkina // Alekseev M. P. Pushkin. Sravnitel'no-istoricheskie issledovaniya [Pushkin. Comparative historical research]. Leningrad, «Nauka».2. Androsov V. P., 1979, Zamechaniya na pribavleniya k stat'e o filosofii // Voprosy teoreticheskogo naslediya Immanuila Kanta. Vyp. 4 [Questions theoretical legacy of Immanuel Kant. Vol. 4], Kaliningrad.3. Blagoj D. D., 1950, Tvorcheskij put' Pushkina (1813—1826) [Creative way of Pushkin (1813—1826)]. Moscow-Leningrad, USSR Academy of Sciences Publishing.4. Vinokur G. O., 1999, Kommentarii k «Borisu Godunovu» A. S. Pushkina [Comments to "Boris Godunov" A. S. Pushkin]. Moscow.5. Gukovskij G. A., 1957, Pushkin i problemy realisticheskogo stilya [Pushkin and the problems of realistic style]. Moscow.6. Kalinnikov L. A., 2012, E. T. A. Gofman i I. Kant. Preodolenie romantizma [E. T. A. Hoffmann and I. Kant. Overcoming Romantic]. Kaliningrad.7. Kant, I. 1966, Otvet na vopros: chto takoye Prosveshcheniye [Answering the Question: What Is Enlightenment?], in Kant, I. Sobranie sochineniy v 6 tomah [Collected works in 6 volumes], vol. 6, Moscow.8. Kant, I. 1965, Metafizika nravov [The metaphysics of morals], in Kant, I. Sobranie sochineniy v 6 tomah [Collected works in 6 volumes], vol. 4(2), Moscow.9. Markov A., 2009, Kant v russkoj poehzii (rec.) // Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie, 2009, № 95 [New Literary Review, 2009, № 95].10. Pushkin A. S., 2001, Poln. sobr. soch. v odnom tome [Complete Works in One Volume]. Moscow.11. Snyadeckij Yan, 1979, Obshchie zamechaniya po predmetu nauki ob ume chelovecheskom i obshchij vzglyad na sostav Kantovoj nauki // Voprosy teoreticheskogonaslediya Immanuila Kanta. Vyp. 4 [Questions theoretical legacy of Immanuel Kant. Vol. 4], Kaliningrad.12. Tomashevskij B. V., 1956, Pushkin. Kn. Pervaya (1813—1824) [Pushkin. The first ыbook (1813—1824)]. Moscow-Leningrad, USSR Academy of Sciences Publishing.A.BobrovaC. S. Peirce is a prominent figure in the nineteenth-century American philosophy. His contribution to philosophy and logic is enormous. The significance of some of his ideas was not realized until today. As a philosopher, Peirce was shaped by Kant, whose Critique of Pure Reason he knew almost by heart. Peirce was fascinated by the German thinker, who literally opened for him the philosophy of modern era and introduced him to the problem of cognition and increment of knowledge. Peirce was never a Kantian but the oeuvre of the Königsberg philosopher had a profound effect on all of his further works. The major elements of Kant’s theory (transcendental deduction of categories, classification of judgements, synthetic and analytic judgement dichotomy, etc.) were substantially modified by Peirce. He reduced the number of categories, changed their content, and transformed analytic and synthetic judgements into ampliative and explicative reasoning. Kant helped Peirce to overcome the doctrine of nominalism and develop the doctrine of critical realism. This paper addresses the existential graph theory, which is scrutinised from the perspective of transformations of Kant’s ideas. The graph theory was chosen, firstly, because of its chronological significance — it is the last logical theory of the American thinker. Secondly, it was greatly valued by the author, who called the theory his greatest accomplishment. The fact that the echo of Kant’s philosophy is heard in such a recent theory is an evidence of Kant’s strong influence. This thesis is proven in this work.05312026111. Apel, K-O., 2001, Transformaziya philosophii [Philosophy Transformation], Mosсow.2. Peirce C. S., 2005, Rassuzhdeniya i Logica Vech'ei: Leczii Dlya Kembridgskih Conferenziy 1898 Goda [Reasoning and the Logic of Things: the Cambridge Conferences Lectures of 1898], Moscow.3. Kant, I., 1994a, Kritika Chistogo Razuma [Critique of Pure Reason], in Kant Sobr. Soch. v 8 t. [Collected Works in 8 Volumes], Moscow, t. 3.4. Kant, I., 1994b, Prolelgomeni ko Vsyakoy Budush'ey Metaphisike, kotoraya Mozhet Poyavit'sya kak Nauka [Prolegomena to Any Future Mataphysics that Will Be Able to Present Itself as a Science], in Kant Sobr. Soch. v 8 t. [Collected Works in 8 Volumes], Moscow, t. 4, pp. 5—152.5. Krouglov, A. N., 2014, Philosophiya Kanta v Issledovanii Knigi E. N. Trubetskogo [Kant’s Philosophy in E. N. Trubetskoy's Book Investigation], in S. M. Polovinkin, T. G. Schedrina (eds.), Evgeniy Nickolaevich Trubetskoy, pp. 266—308, Moscow.6. Dau, F., 2006, The Role of Existential Graphs in Peirce’s Philosophy, in H. Scharfe, P. Hitzler, P. Ohrstrom (eds.), ICCS 2006. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 4068, pp. 8—41, Heidelberg- Berlin, Springer.7. He, C., 2015, E-type interpretation without E-type pronoun: How Peirce’s Graphs capture the uniqueness implication of donkey sentences, in Synthese, no. 192 (4), pp. 971—990.8. Hookway, C., 1985. Peirce, London, Routledge and Kegan Paul.9. Hookway, C., 2002, Truth, Rationality, and Pragmatism: Themes from Peirce, New York, Oxford University Press.10. Keeler, M., 1995, The Philosophical Context of Peirce's Existential Graphs. University of Washington, Seattle, available at: www.dipf.de/projekte/PaedSem HCI/Texte/Keeler context.htm (accessed 01 August 2016).11. Kempski, J. v., 1952, C. S. Peirce und der Pragmatismus, Stuttgart.12. Kiryushenko, V., 2011, Logic, Ethics and Aesthetics: Some Consequences of Kant’s Critiques in Peirce’s Early Pragmatism, in European Journal of Pragmatism and American Philosophy, III-2, pp. 258—274.13. Moore, E. C., and Robin R. (eds.), 1964, Studies in the Philosophy of Charles Sanders Peirce, Amherst, University of Massachusetts Press.14. Murphey, M. G., 1961, The Development of Peirce’s Philosophy, Cambridge, Harvard University Press.15. Peirce, C. S., 1931—1958, Collected Papers of Charles Sanders Peirce. Eight volumes, Arthur W. Burks, Charles Hartshornce, and Paul Weiss (eds.). Cambridge, Harvard University Press.16. Peirce, C. S., 1967, Manuscripts in the Houghton Library of Harvard University, as identified by Richard Robin [Annotated Catalogue of the Papers of Charles S. Peirce. Amherst].17. Pietarinen, A.-V., 2006, Signs of Logic. Peircean Themes on the Philosophy of Language, Games, and Communication, Dordrecht, Springer.18. Øhrstrøm, P., 1997, C. S. Peirce and the quest for gamma graphs, in Conceptual Structures: Fulfilling Peirce’s Dream, Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1257, pp. 357—370, Berlin, Springer.19. Roberts, D., 1973, The Existential Graphs of Charles S. Peirce, The Hague, Paris, Mouton.20. Sowa, J., 2011, Cognitive Architectures For Conceptual Structures, in S. Andrews, S. Polovina, R. Hill, & B. Akhgar (eds.), 19th International Conference on Conceptual Structures, pp. 35—49, Heidelberg, Springer.21. Stjernfelt, F., 2007, Diagrammatology: an Investigation on The Borderlines of Phenomenology, Ontology, and Semiotics. Dordrecht: Springer.22. Zeman J., 1964, The Graphical Logic of C. S. Peirce. PhD thesis, University of Chicago, available at: www.clas.ufl.edu/users/jzeman/ (accessed 30 May 2016).N.DmitrievaMany scholars and practitioners in the sphere of the public education and upbringing in Russia addressed themselves to the philosophical-pedagogical ideas of German philosopher of Neo- Kantian movement Paul Natorp. These ideas were formulated mainly in his fundamental work “Social Pedagogy”. Vladimir Dinze relies on Natorp’s thesis of the national school as the way of accustoming “the all people to the national culture”, actualizes the heritage of Russian and Western pedagogues and philosophers and formulates newly the problem of the national upbringing that is after hundred years in tune with the times as before. The papers of Dinze himself and the translation of Natorp’s “Social Pedagogy” which was organized by him turned out to be the catalysts in the debates on the national education and upbringing. The debates took place in Russian in 1913—1916, and the outstanding philosophers and pedagogues like M. Rubinstein, P. Blonskiy, V. Soroka-Rosinskiy, S. Zolotarev, P. Devin, S. Rusova and others participated in these debates. As result there worked out the principles of the general and equally accessible national education for all social groups and the harmonious and humane patriotic upbringing, which had to be open to the best achievements of the world culture. The letters of Russian scholars V. Dinze and A. Grombach to P. Natorp and one letter of Natorp to Dinze will be published as a supplement to the article. These letters show not only the process of the translation of “Social Pedagogy” into Russian, but also disclose the peculiarities of the organization of translations of the contemporary scientific literature in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century. They were the personal initiative, enthusiasm, the responsibility before the future reader, the scope and intensity of the translators’ and publishers’ activity and the constant lack of adequate financing of this activity05312026111. A. L. 1913, Natsional’naya shkola v gosudarstvennoi dume [National school in State Duma], Vestnik vospitaniya [Herald of upbringing], no. 6, otd. III, p. 77—98.2. Anon., 1910, Ot redaktsii [From editorial board], Logos, vol. 1, Moscow, p. 1—16.3. Anon., 1997. Inostrantsy na Kamsko-Votkinskom zhelezodelatel’nom zavode 1780—1917 gg. Perechen’ dokumentov [Foreigner at the Kama-Votkinsk ironworks. List of dоcuments], GKU “Tsentral’nyi gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Udmurtskoi Respubliki”. Izhevsk, available at: http://gasur. ru/arch_guide/tdoc_list/tdoc_list_cga. php (accessed 17.11.2015).4. Anon., 2003—2016, Vozvrashchennye imena. Knigi pamyati Rossii [Returned names. Memory book of Russia], Rossiiskaya natsional’naya biblioteka, available at: http://visz.nlr. ru/person (accessed 11.02.2016).5. Bauer, O. 1909, Natsional’nyi vopros i sotsial-demokratiya [National question and social-democracy], predisl. Kh. Zhitlovskogo; per. s nem. M. S. Panina. St. Petersburg.6. Dinze, V. F. 1917a, Gosudarstvennyi perevorot v Rossii [Coup d’etat in Russia], Petrograd.7. Dinze, V. F. 1922, Nauka, ee usloviya i zadachi [Science, its conditions and tasks]. Petrograd.8. Dinze, V. F. 1916a, O natsii i natsional’noi idee v pedagogike [About nation and national idea in pedagogy], in: Volzhanin [Dinze], V., Dinze, V. F., Smirnov, S. D., O natsional’noi shkole [About national school], Petrograd, p. 5—21.9. Dinze, V. F. 1913, O natsional’nom vospitanii. Opyt privlecheniya otechestvennogo vnimaniya k nasushchnomu voprosu [About national upbringing. An attempt to draw the domestic attention to the urgent problem], St. Petersburg.10. Dinze, V. F. 1916b, O natsional’noi russkoi shkole [About national Russian school], in: Volzhanin [Dinze], V., Dinze, V. F., Smirnov, S. D., O natsional’noi shkole [About national school], Petrograd, p. 35—66.11. Dinze, V. F. 1912, Ot redaktsii [From editorial board], in: Dobrolyubov, N. A., Izbrannye sochineniya [Selected works], St. Petersburg, p. 3.12. Dinze, V. F. 1909, Ocherki po istorii sredneshkol’nogo dvizheniya [Essays on the history of the movement of secondary school], St. Petersburg.13. Dinze, V.F 1917b, Chto takoe avtonomiya? [What is autonomy?] Petrograd.14. Gessen, S. I. 2014, Paul Natorp, Kantovskii sbornik [Kantian collection], no. 1 (47), p. 87—102.15. Kashin, N. 1910, [Rev.:] Natorp P. Filosofiya kak osnova pedagogiki. Perev. s nem., predisl. G. G. Shpeta [], Russkaya shkola [Book review: Paul Natorp, Philosophy as the basis of pedagogy, translated by G. G. Shpet], no. 11, otd. III, p. 1—4.16. Kolerov, M. A. (ed.) 2015, Natsionalizm. Polemika 1909—1917 [Nationalism. Polemiks of 1909—1917], 2-e izd., Moscow.17. Kovalevskii, P. I. 1912, Russkii natsionalizm i natsional’noe vospitanie v Rossii [Russian nationalism and national upbringing in Russia], in 2 parts. Izd-e 3-e, St. Petersburg.18. Krolenko, A. A. 2011, Dnevnik za 1928 god. [Diary of 1928], predisl., publik., komment. I. V. Datsyuk, in: Instituty kul’tury Leningrada na perelome ot 1920-kh k 1930-m godam [Instituts of culture of Leningrad on the turn from 1920s to 1930s], IRL RAN (Pushkinskii dom). Elektronnoe izdanie. St. Petersburg, p. 683—791, available at: http://www.pushkinskijdom.ru/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=UAuGArnOGqg%3d&tabid=10460 (accessed 19.11.2015).19. Krylov, I. O. 1995, Nachal’noe, srednee obshchee i spetsial’noe obrazovanie [Primary, general and specialized secondary education], in: Anfimov, A. M., Korelin, A. P. (eds.), Rossiya 1913 god. Statistiko-dokumental’nyi spravochnik [Russia in 1913. Statisticaldocumentary compendium], Inst. rossiiskoi istorii RAN, St. Petersburg, p. 325—345.20. Lapshin, I. I. 1911, Sotsial’naya pedagogika Natorpa [Social pedagogy of Natorp], in: Nechaev, A. P. (ed.), Ocherki po istorii pedagogicheskikh uchenii [Essays on the history of pedagogical studies], Moscow, p. 209—229.21. Matyshev, A. A. 2013, Entsiklopediya repressirovannykh avtorov. 1917—1987. Biobibliografiya sovetskoi tragedii [Encyklopedy of repressed authors. 1917—1987. Biobibliography of Soviet tragedy], vol. 3, St. Petersburg.22. Muzychenko, A. F. 1913, Sovremennye pedagogicheskie techeniya v Zapadnoi Evrope i Amerike [Contemporary pedagogical movements in Western Europe and America], in: Sovremennye pedagogicheskie techeniya [Contemporary pedagogical movements], Moscow, p. 105—219.23. Natorp, P. 1907, Pestalozzis Ideen über Arbeiterbildung und soziale Frage, in: Natorp, P., Gesammelte Abhandlungen zur Sozialpädagogik. 1. Abt.: Historisches, Stuttgart,S. 69—97.24. Natorp, P. 1911, Sotsial’naya pedagogika. Teoriya vospitaniya voli na osnove obshchnosti [Social pedagogy. The theory of upbringing of the will on the base of community], St. Petersburg.25. Natorp, P. 2006a, Kul’tura naroda i kul’tura lichnosti. Shest’ lektsii [Culture of folk and culture of person. Six lectures], in: Natorp, P., Izbrannye raboty [Selected works],sost. V. A. Kurennoi, Moscow, p. 145—294.26. Petzoldt, J. 1909, Problema mira s tochki zreniya pozitivizma [Problem of peace from the positivistic point of view], per. s nem. R. L[emberg] pod red. P. Yushkevicha, St. Petersburg.27. Petzoldt, J. 1911, Problema o mire s tochki zreniya pozitivizma [Problem of peace from the positivistic point of view], per. s nem. s predisl. i primech. M. A. Likhareva, 2-e rus. izd., St. Petersburg.28. Popich, S. 1911, [Rev.:] P. Natorp. “Sotsial’naya pedagogika”. Teoriya vospitaniya voli na osnove obshchnosti [Book review: P. Natorp, “Social pedagogy”. The theory of upbringing of the will on the base of community], Russkaya shkola [Russian school], no. 10, otd. II, p. 192—194.29. Purishkevich, V. (ed.) 1913, Shkol’naya podgotovka vtoroi russkoi revolyutsii [School preparation of the second Russian revolution], Izdanie Russkogo narodnogo soyuza im. Mikhaila Arkhangela, St. Petersburg.30. R. G. 1913, Iz zhizni srednei shkoly [From the life of secondary school], Vestnik vospitaniya [Herald of upbringing], no. 9, otd. III, p. 83—105.31. Radosavlevich, P. R. 1911/1912, Sotsial’naya pedagogika [Social pedagogy], Svobodnoe vospitanie [Free upbringing], no. 12, p. 75—90.32. RGALI, 1908. F. 459 (Suvorin A. S.). Op. 1. Ed. khr. 1209. Pis’mo V. F. Dinze A. S. Suvorinu ot 19.05.1908 [The letter from V. F. Dinze to A. S. Suvorin, 19.05.1908]. L. 1—3.33. RGALI, 1910. F. 459 (Suvorin A. S.). Op. 1. Ed. khr. 1209. Pis’mo V. F. Dinze A. S. Suvorinu ot 20.03.1910 [The letter from V. F. Dinze to A. S. Suvorin, 20.03.1910]. L. 4—5; pis’mo V. F. Dinze A. S. Suvorinu ot 28.03.1910 [The letter from V. F. Dinze to A. S. Suvorin, 28.03.1910]. L. 6—9.34. RGALI, B. d. F. 925 (Shcherbov P. G.). Op. 1. Ed. 34. Pis’mo V. F. Dinze k P. G. Shcherbovu [The letter from V. F. Dinze to P. G. Shcherbov], 2 l.35. Rickert, H. 1997, Granitsy estestvennonauchnogo obrazovaniya ponyatii [The limits of concept formation in natural science], predisl. A. V. Markova, St. Petersburg.36. Rubinshtein, M. M. 1916b, Istoriya pedagogicheskikh idei v ee osnovnykh chertakh [The history of pedagogical ideas in it’s main traits], Moscow.37. Semenov, Yu. I. 2003, Etnosy, natsii, rasy [Ethnic groups, nations, races], in: Gobozov, I. A. (ed.), Sotsial'naya filosofiya. Kurs lektsii [Social philosophy. Lectures], Moscow, p. 236—266.38. Sokolov, P. A. 1913, Istoriya pedagogicheskikh system [The history of pedagogical systems], St. Petersburg.39. Stolzenberg, J. 1995, Ursprung und System. Probleme der Begründung systematischer Philosophie im Werk Herman Cohens, Paul Natorps und beim frühen Martin Heidegger, Göttingen.40. Stoyukhina, N. Yu. 2013, Vydayushchiesya psikhologi i pedagogi v Nizhegorodskom universitete (1918—1921 gg.) [Outstanding psychologists and pedagogues in the Nizhniy Novgorod university], Nizhnii Novgorod.41. Stoyukhina, N. Yu. 2011, Gumanitarnoe obrazovanie v provintsii. Nizhegorodskii universitet v pervye gody sovetskoi vlasti [Liberal education in province. The Nizhniy Novgorod university in the first years of Soviet power], Nizhnii Novgorod.42. TsGIA, 1905 — [1912]. F. 14. Op. 3, no. 44031. Delo studenta Imperatorskogo Sankt- Peterburgskogo universiteta Vladimira Fridrikhovicha Dinze [The file of the student of the Imperial Saint-Petersburg university Vladimir Dinze]. 43 l.43. TsANO, 1918. F. 377. Op. 2, no. 363. Avtobiografiya V. F. Dinze [Autobiography of V. Dinze], 24 sentyabrya 1918. L. 2—3.44. Volzhanin [Dinze], Vl. 1916b, Istoriya kak predmet nachal’nogo obucheniya [History as a subject of primary education], Petrograd.45. Vorobiev, M. V. 2016, Teoriya sotsial’noi pedagogiki Paulya Natorpa i ee aktual’nost’ dlya sovremennogo rossiiskogo obrazovaniya [Paul Natorp’s social pedagogic theory and it’s relevance to modern Russian education], Kantovskii sbornik [Kantian collection], vol. 35, no. 2, p. 93—103.46. Yakovenko, B. V. 2000, O zadachakh filosofii v Rossii [About the tasks of philosophy in Russia], in: Yakovenko B. V. Moshch’ filosofii [Power of philosophy], Moscow, p. 653—660.I. (translated from the German by L. Kryshtop)Kant0531202611L.KryshtopThe lectures on natural law delivered by Kant in the winter semester of 1784/85 have recently attracted increasing attention from Kant scholars. Dating back to the 1780s, they elucidate a number of important aspects in the genesis of Kant’s practical philosophy. Firstly, this relates to the formation of the Königsberg philosopher’s views on law. However, the lecture notes (especially the introduction) are of equal importance to understanding certain problems of Kant’s ethical concept and interpretation of the connection between ethics and law. An important role is played by the concept of Billigkeit, which is rather difficult to translate into the Russian language and is found in other Kant’s texts on practical philosophy. This term is usually translated as justice. However, there is another word in the German language — Gerechtihkeit — that has the meaning of justice. Moreover, such translation of Billigkeit creates a false connection with the realm of law, which Kant tried to avoid stressing the difference between Billigkeit and Gerechtigkeit. If Gerechtigkeit relates to external deeds subject to legal regulation and external enforcement, Billigkeit relates to tacit intentions and dispositions that cannot be controlled from the outside. This supports the thesis about the difference between ethics and law and the need for a more accurate identification of the place of natural law in the system of practical philosophy.05312026111. Davydova, L., S. 1996, Immanuil Kant. Bibliograficheskij ukazatel literatury na russkom jazykie 1803—1994 gg. [Immanuel Kant. Bibliographic index of literature in Russian 1803—1994], Moscow.2. Hinski, N. 2014, Nezamechennyj kommentarij Kanta 1784 goda k “Osnovopolozheniju k metafiziki nravov” (1785) [An Annoticed Kant’s Commentary to the “Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals” (1785) from 1784], Istoriki-filosofskij jezhegodnik [History of Philosophy Yearbook], p. 31—38.3. Kant, I. 1994, Metafizika nravov [Metaphysic of Morals], in: Sobr. soch. w 8 tomach, ed. by A. V. Gulyga, Moscow, T. 6.4. Kant, I. 1997, Kritika prakticheskogo razuma [Critique of practical reason], in: Sochinenija v 4-ch tt. na russkom i nemeckom jazyke [Works in 4 vol. in Russian and German], ed. by N. V. Motroshilova, B. Tushling. Moscow, Vol. 3.5. Kant, I. 2014, Metafizika nravov [Metaphysic of Morals], in: Sochinenija v 4-ch tt. na russkom i nemeckom jazyke [Works in 4 vol. in Russian and German], ed. by N. V. Motroshilova, B. Tushling. Moscow, Vol. 3.6. Kant, I. 2016a, Jestestvennoje pravo Fajerabjenda. Vvedenije [Natural Law of Feyerabend. Introduction], Kantovskij sbornik [Kant review], no. 3, p. 75—81.7. Kant, I. 2016b, Jestestvennoje pravo Fajerabjenda. Vvedenije (okonchanie) [Natural Law of Feyerabend. Introduction (the end)], Kantovskij sbornik [Kant review], no. 4, p. 58—62.8. Kant, I. 2016с, Lekzii o filosofskom uchenii o religii [Lectures on philosophical doctrine of religion], transl. by L. E. Kryshtop, Moscow.9. Moskalskij, O., I. (ed.) 2001, Bolshoj niemecko-russkij slovar: v 3-ch tt. [German-Russian Dictionary], Moscow, Vol. 1. Т. 1.10. Brandt, R. 1982, Das Erlaubnisgesetz, oder: Vernunft und Geschichte in Kants Rechtslehre, Rechtsphilosophie der Aufklärung. Symposium Wolfenbüttel, hrsg. von R. Brandt, Berlin, S. 233—285.11. Delfosse, H. P., Hinske, N., Sadun Bordoni, G. 2010—2014, Kant-Index, Bd. 30, Stellenindex und Konkordanz zum „Naturrecht Feyerabend“, Tl. 1, Einleitung des „Naturrechts Feyerabend“, Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt.12. Guyer, P. 2012, Stellenindex und Konkordanz zum Naturrecht Feyerabend, Teilband I: Einleitung des Naturrechts Feyerabend, Ratio Juris, Vol. 25, p. 110—116.13. Hirsch, Ph.-A. 2012, Kants Einleitung in die Rechtslehre von 1784. Immanuel Kants Rechtsbegriff in der Moralvorlesung „Mrongovius II“ und der Naturrechtsvorlesung „Feyerabend“ von 1784 sowie in der „Metaphysik der Sitten“ von 1797, Göttingen.14. Kant, I. 1937, Vorlesungen über die philosophische Religionslehre, hrsg. von K. Beyer, Halle.15. Kant, I. 1978, Lectures on Philosophical Religion, transl. by A. W. Wood, G. M. Clark, Ithaca, London.16. Kant, I. 1998a, Kritik der praktischen Vernunft, in: Werke in sechs Bänden, hrsg. von W. Weischedel. Darmstadt, Bd. IV.17. Kant, I. 1998b, Die Metaphysik der Sitten, in: Werke in sechs Bänden, hrsg. von W. Weischedel, Darmstadt, Bd. IV.18. Kant, I. 2000, Lecciones sobre la filosofía de la religion, ed. por A. del Río, E. Romerales, Madrid, p. 137.19. Kant, I. 2016d, Lezioni sul Diritto Naturale (Naturrecht Feyerabend). Testo tedesco a fronte, a cura di N. Hinske, G. Sadun Bordoni, Milano.20. Sadun Bordoni, G., 2016 a, Introduzione, Kant I. Lezioni sul Diritto Naturale (Naturrecht Feyerabend), a cura di N. Hinske, G. Sadun Bordoni. Milano, p. 9—50.A. (translated from the German by V. Gilmanov)Schweitzer0531202611Yu.KostyashovBased on earlier unknown or poorly studied archival documents, this article reconstructs the post-war history of the 14th century Königsberg Cathedral and the tomb of philosopher Immanuel Kant in former Kneiphof. The study investigates the authorities’ and general public’s attitudes towards this monuments. Throughout the Soviet period until the beginning of Perestroika, the local Communist party and state authorities attempted to demolish the ruins of the Cathedral, which was damaged during the war, and relocate Kant’s grave. However, this goal was not achieved, because members of Kaliningrad intelligentsia and the emerging civil society, who had the support of Moscow cultural organisations and institutions, including the Ministry of Culture of the RSFSR, furthered the cause of protecting the main attractions of Königsberg/Kaliningrad. Thе article discusses the projects of using the ruins of the Cathedral for different purposes (creation of a university library, construction of an observatory, a concert hall, or an open-air theater, etc.). The author cites documents about granting the Cathedral the status of a monument of cultural heritage. The article provides information about the physical condition of the Cathedral and Kant’s tomb in different years, including the materials of various relevant committees. The author describes the conservation, maintenance, and restoration of both objects. The history of the Cathedral and Kant's grave is examined in the context of politics of memory pursued by the regional authorities. Changes in the attitudes towards the German historical and cultural heritage of former East Prussia are traced. The supplement contains 16 documents from the State Archive of the Kaliningrad region, 14 of which are published for the first time.05312026111. Klemesheva, M. A. 2000, O sud'be Korolevskogo zamka [The fate of the Royal Castle], Kaliningradskie arhivy [Kaliningrad archives], no 2, p. 179—191.2. Kostyashov, Yu. V. 2002, Kto spas usypal'nicu Immanuila Kanta ot razrusheniya? [Who saved the tomb of Immanuel Kant from destruction?], Kantovskij sbornik [Kant’s collection], no 23, p. 125—131.3. Kuznecova, I. S. 2016, Dva pamyatnika Immanuilu Kantu v odnom gorode [Two monuments to Immanuel Kant in the same city], 16.08.2016, available at: https://www.kantiana. ru/news/148/199047/ (accessed 21 August 2016).4. Manyuk, E. S. 2015, Sovetskoe gradostroitel'stvo v byvshej Vostochnoj Prussii (Kaliningrad i Klajpeda v 1945—1950) [Soviet urban planning in the former East Prussia (Kaliningrad and Klaipeda in 1945—1950-ies.)], Kaliningrad, 209 p.5. Odincov, I. A. 2005, Vozrozhdenie sobora [Revival of the Cathedral], Baltijskij al'manah [Baltic almanac], no 5, s. 148—150.6. Farutin, I. A. (red.) 2002, Samaya zapadnaya: Kaliningradskaya oblast' v dokumentah i materialah za 1962—1985 gg. [The most western: Kaliningrad region in the documents and materials during the 1962—1985], Kaliningrad, kn. 3, 432 s.7. Fostova, S. A. 2015, Diskussiya o sud'be Kyonigsbergskogo zamka i ego razrushenii v 1950—1960-e gody (iz fondov Gosudarstvennogo arhiva Kaliningradskoj oblasti) [The discussion about the fate of the Königsberg castle and its destruction in 1950—1960-ies (from the documents of the State Archive of the Kaliningrad region)], Kaliningradskie arhivy [Kaliningrad archives], no 12, p. 179—204.V.Belov05312026111. Белов В. Н. Русское неокантианство: история и особенности развития // Кантовский сборник. 2012. № 1 (39). С. 38.2. Белов В. Н. В. Э. Сеземан – систематик русского неокантианства // Вопросы философии. 2012. № 4. С. 121—1273. Белов В. Н. Проблема рационального и иррацион